Solar Inverter from Delta
The heart of your PV system
Solar Inverter Training
LOB Green Energy
Topics
 About us
– Delta Group
– “Green Energy“ Engagement
– LOB Green Energy
 Solar Inverter
– Product Overview SOLIVIA
– Accessories
 Efficiency
 Customer Questions to Service
 LEDs and Display
 Delta Service Software
 Fault Analysis
 Installation
 Service & Support
 References
 Advantages of Delta Solar Inverter
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About us
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Delta Group
„to provide innovative, clean
and efficient energy solutions
for a better tomorrow“
 Founded: 1971
 World’s No. 1 supplier of
Switch Mode Power Supplies and DC
brushless fan
 Headquarters in Taipei, Taiwan
 Sales of about US$ 6 billion
 Worldwide presence
 60,000 employees
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Product Range
Green Energy
high-efficiency
String + Central
LED Solutions
Innovative, high-efficiency
modularized designs
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Power Management
high-end semi-custom
solution for Telecom
Automotive
Electronics
EV / HEV starters
battery packs
Display Solutions
Components
High brightness full HD
projectors from 5,000 to
30,000 lumens
World's No.1 supplier of
DC brushless fans
Industrial
Automation
Networking
Inverters, dedicated server Energy-saving networking
industrial controllers
wireless broadband solutions
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Solar target markets
Europe
Tennigen, Germany
Research & Devlopment
Sales and Support
Seoul, Korea
Sales and Support
USA
City of Industry, CA
Sales and Support
Taipei, Taiwan
Headquarters
Australia
Sales and Support
India
Bangalore – Karnataka
Sales and Support
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Bangkok, Thailand
Production
Sales and Support
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Solar Facilities in Europe
Netherlands ( Germany)
Sales
Belgium ( Germany)
Sales
France ( Germany)
Sales
Czech Republic( Slovakia)
Sales
Dubnica nad Váhom ( Slovakia)
Produktion, Sales & Support
Teningen und Soest, Germany
Marketing, Sales & Support, R&D, Qualifikation,
Produktion
Uznach, Switzerland
Sales & Support, R&D
Bologna, Italy
Sales & Support
Madrid, Spain
Sales & Support
Portugal ( Spain)
Sales
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R&D
 Expert teams for Innovation Management,
Research Programs, Design and Custom
Solutions
 10 application teams
 Over 75 years of experience and knowledge
in the field of power conversion
 Advanced development team: Topologies,
implementation of new components, materials
and manufacturing techniques,…
 Technical support team
 R&D coordination with Delta’s worldwide
engineering groups
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Equipment
 EMI / RFI: Test Rooms
–
–
–
–
–
–
Conducted and radiated emission
RF immunity
HF conducted immunity
Surge and burst, ESD
Voltage variations, dips and drop outs
Harmonics, flicker
 Environmental Tests
– Shock and vibrations
– Temperature (-70 °C to +180 °C max.)
– Humidity (10 % to 95 %)
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Equipment
 Component Stress
 Burn In
 Shock Vibration
 HiPot
 EMC
 IP65 Test
 Automatic Final Test
 Life Test: Own PV installation in order
to test the new developed Solar Inverters
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Production Facilities in Slovakia
 Production area:
12.000 m²
 Production capacity: 500 Megawatt
 Employees: 865
 Production of Solar Inverters, Power
Supplies for medical engineering and
industrial automation applications
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Production Facilities in Thailand
 Production area (Bangpoo):
72.300 m²
 Production capacity: 900 Megawatt
(Asia)
 Employees : 10.420
 Production of Solar Inverters,
DC-DC Converters, Automotive
Electronics, Telecom Power
Systems, Power Supplies for medical
engineering and industrial
automation applications
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What our customers expect today and in future…
 High reliability (Quality)
 Long economic lifetime
 High efficiencies
 Wide operating temperature ranges
 Full digital control
 Reliable and fast worldwide support
 Training programs
 Easy installation
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SOLIVIA Inverter
Asia-Pacific
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SOLIVIA Brand
SOLar Inverters for Versatile and Intelligent
Applications
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SOLIVIA Features
One model for all countries
One unit can be used in six countries in the Asia-Pacific region (Australia, China, India,
Korea, Taiwan and Thailand) simply with the click of a button!
The multi-country models will help Delta and our customers to save costs in production, warehousing
and logistics.
State of the art display
We improved the usability of our inverters with a new display that is brighter, offers a wider
viewing angle and consumes less power.
Easy handling and installation
Packaged with each inverter is a mounting plate that makes the mounting of the inverter on a wall
as easy as 1-2-3.
By incorporating a HF transformer design, units are up to 50% lighter than standard
transformer based inverters.
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SOLIVIA Features
Versatile applications
The SOLIVIA string and central inverters can be used with all common photovoltaic module types,
even with rear-side contact modules and thin-film modules that require positive or negative DC
grounding.
With the optional grounding kit from Delta, the SOLIVIA inverters are a perfect fit for these
applications.
All SOLIVIA string inverters can be installed indoors or outdoors (IP65 housing).
Due to the wide input voltage range of 125V to 540V, the inverters are suitable for a broad range
of photovoltaic installation types.
Efficiency & temperature improvements
The brand new SOLIVIA 2.5, SOLIVIA 3.0 and SOLIVIA 3.3 have a maximum efficiency of 96%.
Compared to the transformer-based inverters from our competitors, the SOLIVIA inverters deliver
the maximum efficiency over a much wider power range.
Full power up to 57 °C ensures maximum yield.
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String Inverter SOLIVIA AP with HF-Transformer
- Product Availability by Country
SOLIVIA 5.0
Available Q2 2011
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String Inverters SOLIVIA AP
with HF-Transformer
SOLIVIA 5.0
SOLIVIA 2.5
SOLIVIA 3.0
SOLIVIA 3.3
Nominal power(W)
2750
3300
3630
5500
Voltage range (V)
125 … 540
125 … 540
125 … 540
125 … 540
Nominal current (A)
9.8
11.8
13.0
17.2
Nominal power (W)
2500
3000
3300
5000
Voltage range (V)
210…264 (Australia)
210…264 (Australia)
210…264 (Australia)
210…264 (Australia))
10.9
13.0
14.4
22.0
Max. Efficiency(%)
96.0
96.0
96.0
95.6
Efficiency EU (%)
94.8
94.8
94.8
94.6
Humidity (%)
0 … 98
0 … 98
0 … 98
0 … 98
Protection class
IP65
IP65
IP65
IP65
Input
Output
Nominal current (A)
* AC voltage and frequency range will be programmed according to the individual country requirements
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Solar Inverters for Asia-Pacific
String Inverter with HF-transformer
SOLIVIA 2.5
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SOLIVIA 3.0
SOLIVIA 3.3
SOLIVIA 5.0
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Technical Details – SOLIVIA 2.5, 3.0, 3.3 and 5.0
SOLIVIA 2.5
SOLIVIA 3.0
SOLIVIA 3.3
Solar Panel
SOLIVIA 5.0
Interleaved
Booster
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Resonant
Converter
with HF Transformer
Pulsating HF
Inverter
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Technical Details – SOLIVIA 2.5, 3.0, 3.3 and 5.0
SOLIVIA 2.5
SOLIVIA 3.0
SOLIVIA 3.3
SOLIVIA 5.0
125
540 V
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Design Layout SOLIVIA 2.5, 3.0, 3.3
High-Frequency Trafo
Bulk-Elkos
DC Control-Board
Auxiliary Power
AC Inverter
Booster
AC Control-Board
ENS Relais
DC Filter
AC Filter
AC Out
DC In
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RS485
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Communication
SOLIVIA 2.5
SOLIVIA 3.0
SOLIVIA 3.3
SOLIVIA 5.0
Product features
 RS485 interface
 USB via adapter
 Standardized software protocol
– Based on ANSI x 3.28 Standard
– 16bit checksum for error checking
– Data packages wrapped by STX and ETX
 Baud rate 19200, 8 bits, none parity,
1 stop bit
Submitted data
 Measured data
– AC (voltage, current, power, frequency)
– DC (voltage, current, insulation resistance)
– Total kWh, grid impedance
 Statistics
– kWh per day, week, month
 Inverter status
– Operational status, error status
 SOLiViA Monitoring Software (web)
included with RS-485 to Ethernet
Gateway
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SOLiViA Monitoring Software
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Accessories
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Accessories
Grounding kit – Delta
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PV System dimensioning
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Efficiency
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Efficiency
9% (amorphous)
Solar Inverter 3.3 AP 95%
15% (crystalline)
1000W
Solar Modules
1%
Improvement in
efficiency
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Grid
90W – 150W
85,5W – 142,5W
Loss: 850W-910W
Loss: 4,5W-7,5W
10W
Solar Modules
0,9W – 1,5W
Solar Inverter
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Technical Data
SOLIVIA 3.3
Efficiency
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Derating
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Advantages of
Delta Inverters
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Technical Advantages
Advantage Delta Inverter
 Delta, founded in 1971, has worldwide locations in more than 40 countries World’s
largest manufacturer of internal switch-mode power supplies with more than 60,000
employees and revenues of $6 billion US
 State-of-the-art production facilities ensure availability and fulfill highest quality
standards of e.g. solar industry, automotive industry and medical applications
 Highly motivated solar team offer Delta customers professional training courses on
request as well as fast service via the Solar Support Hotline set up especially for
this purpose
 High efficiency in higher MPP range
 High efficiency in higher and lower power range
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Technical Advantages
Advantage Delta Inverter
 IP65 is important for lifetime of more than 20 years (dustproof)
 All connections and settings can be made without opening the inverter
 Delta Service Software allows for effective troubleshooting, settings and system
check via the RS485 interface without opening the inverter
 SOLIVIA - Solar Inverters for Asia-Pacific: One model can used in more than six
countries in the Asia-Pacific region (Australia, China, India, Korea, Taiwan and
Thailand)
 Full output power up to 57°C ambient temperature
 At a nominal PV power of < 20%, one booster section will be turned-off leading to
higher efficiency and life time
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Technical Advantages
Advantage Delta Inverter
Technische Vorteile unserer Inverter
 We have built in reverse current protection
 Lifetime is increased thanks to assembly of 105°C electrolytic capacitors
 Thanks to switching the semiconductors in resonant mode, the lifetime of the
transistors will increase significantly




Reduced repair costs due to clear separation of DC and AC side
The calculated MTBF (theoretical fault rate) = 26 years (EXAR 8.0)
We have our own EMV-, Vibration- and Temperature tests.
Delta has a long experience over decades in development of AC/DC, DC/DC
and DC/AC power converters
 Customers like Microsoft, Apple, Siemens, Nokia, IBM, Sony and of course
major customers from the solar field trust in Delta products
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Customer Questions
to Service
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Plant-Configuration, Limits
Limited performance of the Solar Inverter
 Too many PV modules
→ High PV output
→ Power or current limitation of Solar Inverter
 Not enough PV modules
→ Low PV output
→ Low-load range of Solar Inverter is
unfavourable
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Where is the Ideal Solar Inverter Operating Point?
 Maximum efficiency range
 Solar Inverter should be operated in upper MPP voltage range
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Why the upper MPP voltage range?
 A higher DC voltage from the PV modules leads to lower currents and helps to
reduce the cross section of solar cables
 Higher efficiency of Delta Solar Inverters
 The Solar Inverter’s shutdown threshold (lower limit of DC voltage) will not be
reached if the module temperature rises
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Calculation with module characteristic data
Calculation
PNom
UMPP
IMPP
UOC
ISC
= 173W
= 26.4V
= 6.55A
= 34.1V
= 7.29A
Power coefficient
Module characteristics acc. to STC conditions
Ambient temperature 25°C
Irradiation E = 1000 W/m²
AM (Airmass) 1.5
-0.40% / °C
Voltage coefficient -0.36% / °C
module
-0.692W/°C
-0.123V / °C with no-load operation, per
-0.095V / °C at MPP, per module
Current coefficient +0.03% / °C
+0.0022A / °C with short circuit, per module
+0.0020A / °C at MPP, per module
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Max. voltage on Solar Inverter
Calculation
UOC=34.1V
UOC_total=34.1V x 10=341V
Max. possible voltage on Solar Inverter at -20°C?
= -0.123V/°C
1
1
Voltage coefficient for 10 modules = -1.230V/°C
2
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
10
10
Voltage coefficient for 1 module
Temperature difference between +25°C and -20°C = -45°C
-1.230V/°C x -45°C= 55.3V voltage difference at -20°C
Inverter
DC
AC
20 modules
At -20°C, the OC voltage will increase by 55.3V.
UOC @ -20°C = 341V + 55.3V = 396.3V
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Min. possible voltage on Solar Inverter at module
temperature of +70°C?
Calculation
At +70°C, the MPP voltage decreases by 43V to 221V.
The max. OC voltage of this system is 396V.
The min. operating voltage of our system is 221V.
With 2 parallel strings, the current is 2 x IMPP = 2 x 6.55A = 13.1A
In total, there are 20 modules.
PDC Nom = 20 modules x 173W = 3460W
According to the data sheet, our SI 3300 would be right at home here.
MPP operating range 150V...470V, rated current 13A, rated power 3630 W
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Unfavourable Module Configuration
Calculation
One string with 6 modules in series UOC = 204V
1
3 strings in parallel
IMPP = 20A
PDC Nom = 18 modules x 173W = 3112W
2
.
.
.
.
.
Inverter
DC
AC
6
UOC @ -20°C = 237V max. voltage
18 modules
UMPP @ +70°C = 133V min. voltage
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Most unfavourable power condition at a module
temperature of +70°C
Calculation
Power coefficient: -0.40%/°C per module -0.692 W/°C
Module power 173Wp
Temperature difference between +25°C and +70°C = 45°C
P70°C = -0.692W / °C x 45°C = -31.14W
At a module temperature of 70°C, we have power losses of 31 W per module.
Each module supplies 142W only - instead of its rated output power of 173W.
This means that the whole system with its 20 modules can only supply 2840W instead of
3460W.
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Reduced Output due to Contamination
Reasons for reduced
power
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Reduced Output Power due to Shading
Reasons for reduced
power
Bypass diode
1
2
18
19
20
36
Module with 36 cells
approx. 21V
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Reduced Output Power due to Shading
Reasons for reduced
power
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Reduced Output Power due to Shading
Reasons for reduced
power
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Reduced Output Power due to Shading
Reasons for reduced
power
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Reduction Reasons caused from DC Side
Reasons for reduced
power
 DC line cross section and length
→ Cable losses
 Temperature of the modules
→ PV voltage drops
→ Reduced output power
 Insulation fault
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→ Solar Inverter disconnected from grid
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Reduction Reasons caused from AC Side
Reasons for reduced
power
 Cross section and length of AC line
→ Impedance problem
→ Overvoltage trip
Failure scenario: Inverter frequently disconnected from grid
 AC over/under-voltage on Solar Inverter
 Grid stability from electric utility (voltage and frequency limits)
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Reduced Output Power caused by Solar Inverter
Reasons for reduced
power
 Internal fault, component defects → Display: ”Error 301” or ”Relay Error”
 Shutdowns (temperature sensor limit, insulation fault, overvoltage or undervoltage)
 Solar Inverter’s location, e.g. direct sunlight → Derating
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Installation Failures
Reasons for reduced
power
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Installation Failures
Reasons for reduced
power
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Good Installation
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Conclusion
Reasons for reduced
power
Reduced output power caused due to
- PV system dimensioning
- Solar Inverter dimensioning
- Series and parallel connection of PV modules
- Dirty PV modules
- Shaded cells
- DC side
- AC side
- Solar Inverter
- Utility requirements
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LEDs and Display
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LEDs for Operating Mode and Trouble Indication
LEDs and Display
 LED (A), green: Operation
 LED (B), red:
Earth Fault
 LED (C), yellow: Failure
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Display
LEDs and Display
 Button (A), ESC: For quitting each submenu and returning to the main menu.
 Buttons (B) and (C): For displaying the
data in the sub-menu and changing
settings in the setup menu.
 Button (D), ENTER:
– For confirming entries
– For resetting error messages
– For activating the display
lighting
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Seven Different Menus
LEDs and Display
Menus D, W, M, Y, and T can be used for evaluating the daily, weekly, monthly, annual and
total output statistics.
Here, you can read out the
 Output power in kWh
 Feed-in remuneration in AUD
 Operating duration of the Solar Inverter in respect of the relevant period (day, week,
month, year, total)
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Menu S - Setup Menu
LEDs and Display
Here, you can change the following settings:
 LCD display contrast
 Backlight ”on” or ”auto”
 Select Start Menu
 Assign ID numbers for each Solar Inverter
 Choose ISO / GND settings
 Country settings(Parameter)
 Setting of actual time and date
– Please don`t forget to set to current values after installation
 Setting of feed-in remuneration in AUD/kWh
 Firmware level
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Menu N – Now (Delivery Status)
LEDs and Display
Display:
 Current AC output power
 Current AC output voltage
 Current AC output current
 Current AC mains frequency
 Current DC - PV cell voltage
 Current DC - PV cell current
 Current time and date
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First Use - Operating States
LEDs and Display
Input voltage on Solar Inverter < 100 V
 No function, all LEDs ”Off”
Input voltage on Solar Inverter approx. 120 V
 Initialisation, all 3 LEDs ”On”
Input voltage on Solar Inverter > 150 V
 Green LED flashes
Display message: ”Synchronize to AC”
 Checking of grid voltage, grid frequency, insulation resistance on DC side and
varistor function.
 After 1 Minute, the Solar Inverter switches to standard grid input mode. Inverter
output connects to AC grid.
 The green LED lights up continuously.
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Service Software
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Servicesoftware
SOLIVIA




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Fast check of the Plant
Fast Troubleshooting
Fast Upgrade
Read out the Log File
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Fault Analysis
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Display Messages and Explanations
Fault Analysis
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Display Messages and Explanations
Fault Analysis
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Display Messages and Explanations
Fault Analysis
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Installation
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Installation Requirements
SOLIVIA 2.5, 3.0, 3.3, 5.0
Mounting:
 A mounting plate is delivered together
with the Solar Inverter
 For wall mounting, please use suitable
screws
 Hook-in Solar Inverter to the mounting
plate and tighten the 2 locking screws
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Installation Location
 Please do no install on a combustible
surface (otherwise: risk of fire)
 Can be installed inside or in a protected
outdoor area
 Higher ambient temperature will reduce
output power
 Please respect the distances around the
inverter for air circulation
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Connections
SOLIVIA
(1) Connections for solar modules
(2) Grid connection
(5)
(3) Interface connection RS485 (EIA485)
(4)
(4) Display for status messages and
keypad for operation
(5) Light-emitting diodes for operational
status display
(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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DC and AC Connections
SI 3300, 2500
SOLIVIA
Electrical connections are realized using
plug-in contacts.
For connection purposes, it is not necessary
to open the Solar Inverter!
 DC connection (MC4)
 AC connection
 Close DC isolator
 Close circuit breaker on AC side
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AC Connection
SOLIVIA
 Use Wieland RST25i3S AC connector (included in packaging box)
 Turn-off AC grid and disconnect prior to installation work
 Cable cross section: min. 2.5 mm² - max. 4.0 mm².
 When using rigid cables: First, please bend and cut to required length. Then strip the
insulation!
 Connect a Circuit Breaker with rated current of 25 A (type B tripping characteristic)
between Solar Inverter and AC grid.
Check this!
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References
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Reference Installation Taiwan - 1MW
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Installations Germany
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Installations Germany
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Installations Czech Republic
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Installations Italy
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Installations Spain
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Own PV installation Delta Teningen - Germany
Installation Information:
Address:
Delta Energy Systems (Germany) GmbH
Tscheulinstr. 21
79331 Teningen
Germany
Total kW: 46 (6kW + 40kW)
Quantity and type of inverters:
12 x SI 3300
3 x SI 3300
Quantity and type of modules:
175 pcs of Tenesol TE2200/230W
30 pcs of Tenesol Tenesa
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Thank you for your attention!
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