®
An Introduction to
Cloud Computing
Rohit Sarabhai
India Software Labs, IBM India
rsarabhai@in.ibm.com
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Agenda
 Introduction
 Cloud computing services
 Principles of openness
 Where we go from here
 Resources
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Before the Web
 If you wanted to sell things to
the public, you needed a
storefront
 Massive cost in real estate,
fixtures, maintenance,
shrinkage
 Prohibitive cost to entry
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What if …
 You could have hundreds of millions of storefronts
worldwide?
Without real estate
Without fixtures
Without maintenance
Without shrinkage
With [relatively] zero cost to entry
 The Web changed everything
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Before the cloud
 If you wanted to start an
enterprise, you needed an
IT shop
 Massive costs in hardware,
software, power,
administrative staff
 Prohibitive cost to entry
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What if …
 You could have unlimited computing resources?
All the processing power you want
All the data storage you want
Data mining whenever you want
 Cloud computing will be the biggest change to our
industry since the rise of the Internet
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Cloud characteristics
 Rapid elasticity
You can go from 5 servers to 50 or from 50 servers to 5
 Measured service
You pay for what you use
 On-demand self-service
You get elasticity automatically
 Ubiquitous network access
You can access the cloud from anywhere
 Location-independent resource pooling
You work with virtual machines that could be hosted anywhere
Source: NIST Working Definition of Cloud Computing
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You’re on the cloud already
 If you use Flickr or Facebook or LinkedIn or Twitter or
Backpack or [insert hundreds of other sites here], you’re
using the cloud
 Cloud is a metaphor for the internet
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A selection of cloud components
 Software as a Service
 Utility Computing
 Web Services
 Platform as a Service
 Managed Service Providers
 Service Commerce Platforms
 Internet Integration
Source: InfoWorld
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
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Agenda
 Introduction
 Cloud computing services
 Principles of openness
 Where we go from here
 Resources
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Cloud services
 There are four basic things people are doing in the
cloud:
Machines in the cloud
Storage in the cloud
Databases in the cloud
Applications in the cloud
 In addition to these four basics, cloud providers offer
other services such as message queues and data
mining
 All of these things are lumped into the generic term
“cloud computing”
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Machines in the cloud
 Many cloud providers allow you to create a Virtual
Machine (VM) and deploy it in the cloud
Your VM images are stored in cloud storage
You can create as many images as you need
You can automatically start and stop running instances of those
images as needed
 This is the simplest way to get started in the cloud,
particularly if you’ve been using virtualization already
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Storage in the cloud
 Most cloud storage systems are designed as distributed,
redundant systems
Your data are stored on more than one disk in more than one
place
If one part of the system goes down, the rest of the system keeps
going
“There should never be a single point of failure” is a stated design
goal
 But you can’t think of cloud storage as just another
hard drive
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Databases in the cloud
 Cloud databases have similar design points
Datasets are distributed for reliability
Some cloud databases support schemas, some don’t
Some cloud databases support joins, most don’t
Some cloud databases are relational, almost all aren’t
Some cloud databases are transactional, some aren’t
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Other services in the cloud
 A number of vendors provide message queuing
services in the cloud
Some queuing services don’t let you peek a message, for
example
 Cloud data mining services use techniques such as
Hadoop / MapReduce to analyze massive data sets
Techniques that required supercomputers, large data centers and
significant funds a few years ago can now be done for a few
hundred pounds
 New businesses and business models will emerge
based on the cost of data mining being reduced by
several orders of magnitude
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
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Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
 What is Amazon EC2?
aws.amazon.com/ec2
 Popular Uses for Amazon EC2
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
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Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud running IBM
 Run many of the proven IBM platform technologies by
the hour as Amazon Machine Images (AMIs)
IBM DB2
IBM Informix
aws.amazon.com/ibm
IBM Lotus Content Management
IBM Mashup Center
IBM WebSphere Application Server
IBM WebSphere sMash
…
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Cloud implementation types
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Cloud computing
Private Cloud
Public Cloud
Client owned and managed.
Service provider owned and
managed.
Access limited to client and its
partner network.
Drives efficiency, standardization and
best practices while retaining greater
customization and control.
Customization
Efficiency
Security and
Privacy
Availability
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
Access by subscription.
Delivers select set of standardized
business process, application and/or
infrastructure services on a flexible
pay per use basis.
Standardization
Capital preservation
Flexibility
Time to deploy
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Cloud Computing Center at Wuxi
 The municipality of Wuxi, was working to
accelerate China’s transformation to a
service economy
 IBM engaged the municipal government
to develop a virtual data center linking
several companies in a “software park”
 The public cloud implementation, China's
first commercial cloud, enabled by IBM
technology and services will:
Promote growth of software start-ups
across China
Accelerate development and test cycles
Offer secure, network-isolated
environments
Deliver Backup and Restore asset
protection capabilities
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Cloud Computing in Agriculture
 Example from University of Melbourne
 Experimental farm using irrigation automation
Irrigating short-term (minutes to hours)
Predict micro-climate for coming week
Predict market in coming months
 Interconnection of real-data with climate prediction
 Results are promising
Orchid saw 300% increase in profitability
Dairy farm saw 70% increase in profitability
Local commercial dairy farm saw 70% increase in profitability
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
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Agenda
 Introduction
 Cloud computing services
 Principles of openness
 Where we go from here
 Resources
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Cloud services
 Machines in the cloud
Can I move my VM elsewhere?
 Storage in the cloud
Can I move my data elsewhere?
 Databases in the cloud
Can I move my data elsewhere?
 Applications in the cloud
Can I run my application elsewhere?
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Vendor lock-in
 If there’s a new technology, any talented programmer
will want to use it
Maybe the shiny new thing is appropriate for what we’re doing
Maybe not
We’re probably going to use it anyway
 The challenge is to walk the line between using the
newest, coolest thing and avoiding vendor lock-in
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The Open Cloud Manifesto
 A statement of principles for
openness in cloud computing
 More than 300 supporters and
growing
 Join the “Open Cloud
Manifesto”
group
 Visit opencloudmanifesto.org
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The principles in action
 The Cloud Computing Use
Cases Google group has a
white paper of common use
cases
 Join us at groups.google.com/
group/cloud-computing-usecases
 Version 2 of the paper is
available at bit.ly/1FXRAH
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
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Agenda
 Introduction
 Cloud computing services
 Principles of openness
 Where we go from here
 Resources
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Issues with the Internet
 “It’s not secure.”
 “I don’t want to lose control of my infrastructure.”
 “I don’t know how reliable it is.”
 “I don’t know if my partners are going to use it.”
 All of these were important, legitimate issues
With VPNs and other technology, the industry solved these
problems
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
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Issues with the cloud
 “It’s not secure.”
 “I don’t want to lose control of my infrastructure.”
 “I don’t know how reliable it is.”
 “I don’t know if my partners are going to use it.”
 All of these are important, legitimate issues
We’ve got some work to do, but the massive economic incentives
mean someone will find a way to solve these problems
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Key questions to ask
 Will cloud computing help create and deliver innovative
business and consumer services to achieve greater
competitive differentiation?
 Can cloud computing help to quickly achieve goals for IT
optimization, cost savings and faster time to market?
 Is competitive advantage gained by using cloud
computing?
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Agenda
 Introduction
 Cloud computing services
 Principles of openness
 Where we go from here
 Resources
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
© 2010 IBM Corporation
developerWorks Cloud computing resources
developerWorks Cloud space
 Provides a single place to get access to
videos, forums and many other resources
around cloud computing.
 Links to development AMIs, demos and
supporting collateral.
 Links to other IBM cloud resources and
IBM SaaS Partner Program
www.ibm.com/developerworks/spaces/cloud
developerWorks technical content about
Cloud computing
Cloud computing downloads on developerWorks
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/downloads/cloud.html
developerWorks Technical Library:
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/search/searchResults.jsp
?searchType=1&searchSite=dW&searchScope=dW&query=clo
ud+computing&Search=Search
IBM EC2 AMI Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/downloads/faq-ec2/faqec2.html
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© 2010 IBM Corporation
IBM Academic Initiative
IBM Academic
Initiative mission is to
work closely with
colleges and
universities that have
interest in supporting
open standards,
seek to use open
source and IBM
technologies for
teaching purposes,
to better educate
millions of students
for a more
competitive IT
workforce.
ibm.com/academicinitiative
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An Introduction to Cloud Computing
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