Importance of Arc Flash Analysis
(“Arc Flash Loss Prevention”)
 Provides minimum requirements to prevent
hazardous electrical exposures to personnel
and ensure compliance with regulatory
requirements applicable to electrical systems
Regulatory Requirements
(elements necessary for Worker Safety)
 OSHA = Shall Provide Worker Safety
 NFPA 70E = How to provide Worker Safety
 Employer Responsibility = Execution
• Focus on safety, promote training, use best practices
Electrical Hazards Consist of:
 Electric Shock
 Arc Flash
 Arc Blast
 Other Hazards
Electric Shock
 An electric shock occurs when electric current
passes through the body. This can happen
when touching an energized part. If the electric
current passes through the chest or head, death
can result.
Effects of Electrical Current in the Human Body

Below 1 milliampere: - Generally not perceptible

1 milliampere: - Faint tingle

5 milliamperes: - Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average individual
can let go. Strong involuntary reactions can lead to other injuries.

6–25 milliamperes (women): - Painful shock, loss of muscular control*

9–30 milliamperes (men): - The freezing current or " let-go" range.* Individual
cannot let go, but can be thrown away from the circuit if extensor muscles are
stimulated.

50–150 milliamperes: - Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular
contractions. Death is possible.

1,000–4,300 milliamperes: - Rhythmic pumping action of the heart ceases.
Muscular contraction and nerve damage occur; death likely.

10,000 milliamperes: - Cardiac arrest, severe burns; death probable* If the
extensor muscles are excited by the shock, the person may be thrown away from
the power source.
Source: W.B. Kouwenhoven, " Human Safety and Electric Shock," Electrical Safety Practices, Monograph,
112, Instrument Society of America, p. 93. November 1968.
Arc Flash/Blast
 An arc flash (also known as arc blast) is a sudden,
explosive electrical arc that results from a short circuit
through air. The air in the vicinity of an arc flash is heated
to between 5,000 and 35,000 degrees in no more than
1/1000 of a second, becoming an electrically-conductive
plasma. The sudden heating can cause a shock wave
blast equivalent to several sticks of dynamite and carrying
vaporized metal and shrapnel
Safe Work Practices
 OSHA 1910.333
 NFPA 70E 110.8
• Potential for shock or other injury
• Requires deenergizing
• Working on or near live exposed parts
• Requires worker to be qualified
• Practices must be consistent with the
extent of the hazard
• Requires hazard analysis
• Electrical work permit
NFPA 70E Requirements for
Working on or Near Live Parts
 Perform Arc Flash Analysis
 Select Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
 Complete Energized Electrical Work Permit
 Complete Task Specific Training
 Complete a job briefing session
Arc Flash Analysis
 Establish Shock Protection Boundary
• (approach boundaries) – used to reduce shock hazard
 Conduct Flash Hazard Analysis
 Establish Flash Protection Boundary
• Used to reduce arc flash hazards and may reduce arc
blast hazards
 Select Personal Protective Equipment
 Analysis per NFPA 70E requires update every 5yrs
Approach Boundary to Live Parts
 Limited (42 in)
 Restricted (12 in)
 Prohibited (1 in)
Based on system voltage = 480V
NFPA 70E, Annex C, Figure C.1.2.4
Flash Protection Boundaries (FPB)
 Using NFPA 70E, the methods to determine FPB
• Defaults (i.e. tables)
• Perform Analysis that uses Calculation Methods
Levels of Exposure
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE
 Designed to protect specific areas of the body
• Eye Protection
• Neck, Face, Head, Chin
• Arm & Hand Protection
• Body Protection
• Leg & Foot Protection
PPE - Gloves
 Voltage rated gloves are REQUIRED
for all voltage testing above 50 volts
OSHA/NFPA 70E
General Industry Requirements
 OSHA 1910.355(a)
• Employees exposed to
potential electrical hazards
shall use protective equipment
that is appropriate for the
specific areas of the body to be
protected and for the work to
be performed
 Protective Equipment
 NFPA 70E 130.7
• Provides standards for
equipment
• Hazard Risk Table
• PPE Matrix
• Extensive detail for worker
protection
OSHA Fines
 For non-compliance, OSHA may audit a facility and issue fines
 Most recently: U.S. Postal Service
 $420,000 (pending) – single facility
A Facility’s Electrical System
 A facility’s electrical system operates as a single, dynamic
system. Its performance is dependent on the properties of
each component and the loads connected to it.
 Many facilities expand project by project using different
design and construction teams. Even though each specific
project may be well planned and designed, it’s often the
case that the area of work specific to the project is limited
to only a portion of the existing electrical distribution
system.
 In addition, due to the need for maintenance and
emergency repairs, system components are often replaced
with devices that are different than originally installed due
to availability and cost.
 Because of these occurrences, it’s common that no one
has an overall and complete understanding of the entire
electrical system.
Tools
 Most firms that provide arc flash services utilize specially
designed software for electrical system modeling in short circuit
and arc flash studies.
• Such as SKM Power System Tools
Process/Approach to Complete a Study
 As-built Documentation
• The usual starting point is to gather all existing drawings an Owner has and
sort it by location and date. (One-Line Documentation)
 Verification
• Survey each site and verify one-line documentation. Acquire missing info.
• PD types/sizes/settings, cable lengths, Xfmr impedance values
 Loading
• Load the information into SKM and run Short Circuit, Coordination, Arc
Flash
Ex: How to Initiate a Study
“Large School System”
Herndon HS
Pyramid
Langley HS
Pyramid
McLean HS
Pyramid
Aldrin ES
Churchill
Road ES
Chesterbrook ES
Armstrong ES
Colvin Run
ES
Franklin
Sherman ES
Clearview ES
Forestville ES
Haycock ES
Dranesville
ES
Great Falls
ES
Kent Gardens
ES
Herndon ES
Spring Hill ES
Timber Lane ES
Hutchison ES
Cooper MS
Longfellow MS
Herndon MS
Langley HS
McLean HS
Herndon HS
Herndon HS
Cluster Analysis Approach
 (5) field survey teams composed of (2) people each assigned to
various sites within a cluster. All survey is schedule/time
dependent.
CLUSTER
SITES
PYRAMIDS
TEAM
EST. TIME (mo.)

C1
22
3
A
8 - 12

C2
28
3
B
10 - 12

C3
27
3
C
9 - 11

C4
28
3
D
10 - 12

C5
22
3
E
8 - 10

Following C1-C5

C6
22
3
A/E
5-7

C7
25
3
C
9 - 11

C8
25
3
B/D
6 -8
1ST Step - Collect Hard Copy Data
Existing Building Documents
-Electrical One-Line Diagrams
-Floor Plans
-Maintenance Documents
2nd Step - Field Survey
Types of Equipment Surveyed
Gathering of Information
During Survey Process
 Protective Device Information
• Location, (Room/Panel/What’s it feeding?)
• Make, Model, Manufacture
• AIC and Trip Plug Rating
• Settings
3rd Step - Load the Data
 Build SKM One-Line Diagrams for each site
• Verify accuracy of information
• Acquire Utility Company contribution information
 Run/Review Short Circuit Calculations
• The maximum fault current can be calculated at each electrical buss in the
system by knowing the properties of the power sources that will provide the
current, and using the impedance values of the circuits that connect the
busses
• Understanding the “Duty Rating” of the equipment by comparing the
available fault current to the rating of the “protective device”
Build the Model in the Software
Dominion Power
13800.0 V
SC Contribution 3P 10000.0 Amps
SC Contribution SLG 1000.0 Amps
X/R 3P 8.000
X/R SLG 8.000
C-UTILITY FEEDER
2 -#500, 120ft
P
S
T-UTILTIY FEEDER
300.0 kVA
13800/480V
5.0 %Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
1 -#500, 30ft
PD-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
Sensor/Trip 800A
/400A
PD-PP1
Sensor/Trip 250A
/200A
C-PP1
1 -#2/0, 56ft
PD-AC/1
Sensor/Trip 250A
/100A
C-AC/1-DISC
1 -#4, 20ft
SWITCH BOARD
480.0 V
PD-LP
Sensor/Trip 400A
/300A
C-T-LP
1 -#350, 40ft
P
PD-PP1-MAIN
Sensor/Trip 150A
PP1
480.0 V
PD-AC/1-DISC
Sensor/Trip 80A
AC/1-DISC
480.0 V
S
T-LP
45.0 kVA
480/208V
5.0 %Z
C-LP
1 -#2, 10ft
C-AC/1
1 -#4, 20ft
M -AC/1
60.0 hp
PD-LP-M AIN
Sensor/Trip 125A
LP
208.0 V
Run a Short Circuit Study
Dominion Power
3P Contribution 10000.0 Amps
SLG Cont ribut ion 1000.0 Amps
X/R 3P 8.000
X/R SLG 8.000
Compare
Protective Device Ratings
Breakers/fuses
Against the available
C-UTILITY FEEDER
P
S
T-UTILTIY FEEDER
300.0 kVA
13800/480V
5.0 % Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
PD-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
Rating 65kA
Device
Rating
PD-PP1
Rating 65kA
Device
Rating
C-PP1
PD-PP1-M AIN
Rating 25kA
Available
Fault
Current
PP1
6472 Amps 3P
5916 Amps SLG
PD-AC/1
Rating 65kA
Device
Rating
C-AC/1-DISC
PD-LP
Rating 65kA
C-T-LP
Device
Rating
P
PD-AC/1-DISC
Rating 200kA
Device
Rating
AC/1-DISC
6731 Amps 3P
6183 Amps SLG
C-AC/1
M -AC/1
60.0 hp
72.4A
SWITCH BOARD
7238 Amps 3P
7034 Amps SLG
Available
Fault
Current
S
T-LP
45.0 kVA
480/208V
5.0 % Z
Device
Rating
3-phase and SLG
Fault currents.
Available
Fault
Current
C-LP
PD-LP-M AIN
Rating 30kA
LP
2111 Amps 3P
2177 Amps SLG
Device
Rating
Available
Fault
Current
Selective Coordination
 In order to be assured that all over
current protection devices are
coordinated, it is necessary to look at
the time vs. current characteristic of
each device and compare it to the
characteristics of any upstream devices.
Coordination Example
Dominion Power
13800.0 V
SC Contribution 3P 10000.0 Amps
SC Contribution SLG 1000.0 Amps
X/R 3P 8.000
X/R SLG 8.000
CURRENT IN AMPERES
1000
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN
C-UTILITY FEEDER
2 -#500, 120ft
100
P
S
T-UTILTIY FEEDER
300.0 kVA
13800/480V
5.0 %Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
1 -#500, 30ft
PD-AC/1
Sensor/Trip 250A
/100A
C-AC/1-DISC
1 -#4, 20ft
PD-PP1
SWITCH BOARD
480.0 V
PD-LP
1
Sensor/Trip 400A
/300A
C-T-LP
1 -#350, 40ft
P
PD-PP1-MAIN
Sensor/Trip 150A
PP1
480.0 V
PD-AC/1-DISC
Sensor/Trip 80A
AC/1-DISC
480.0 V
S
T-LP
45.0 kVA
480/208V
5.0 %Z
M -AC/1
60.0 hp
0.10
C-LP
1 -#2, 10ft
C-AC/1
1 -#4, 20ft
PD-LP-M AIN
Sensor/Trip 125A
LP
208.0 V
TIME IN SECONDS
10
PD-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
Sensor/Trip 800A
/400A
PD-PP1
Sensor/Trip 250A
/200A
C-PP1
1 -#2/0, 56ft
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 600.0 A
Plug 600.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) M1 (4800A)
0.01
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 600.0 A
Plug 400.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 5 (1600A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) 6 (2400A)
PD-PP1-MAIN
SQUARE D
KA
KA
Trip 70.0 A
Settings Phase
Thermal Curve
INST LO (350A)
0.5 1
10
100
1K
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage: 480V Current in Amps x 1
10K
100K
Poor Coordination
Main Breaker
Trips, Shutting
Down the
Entire
Switchboard
Dominion Power
13800.0 V
SC Contribution 3P 10000.0 Amps
SC Contribution SLG 1000.0 Amps
X/R 3P 8.000
X/R SLG 8.000
CURRENT IN AMPERES
1000
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN
C-UTILITY FEEDER
2 -#500, 120ft
100
P
S
T-UTILTIY FEEDER
300.0 kVA
13800/480V
5.0 %Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
1 -#500, 30ft
PD-AC/1
Sensor/Trip 250A
/100A
C-AC/1-DISC
1 -#4, 20ft
PD-PP1
SWITCH BOARD
480.0 V
PD-LP
1
Sensor/Trip 400A
/300A
C-T-LP
1 -#350, 40ft
P
PD-PP1-MAIN
Sensor/Trip 150A
PP1
480.0 V
PD-AC/1-DISC
Sensor/Trip 80A
AC/1-DISC
480.0 V
S
T-LP
45.0 kVA
480/208V
5.0 %Z
M -AC/1
60.0 hp
0.10
C-LP
1 -#2, 10ft
C-AC/1
1 -#4, 20ft
PD-LP-M AIN
Sensor/Trip 125A
LP
208.0 V
TIME IN SECONDS
10
PD-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
Sensor/Trip 800A
/400A
PD-PP1
Sensor/Trip 250A
/200A
C-PP1
1 -#2/0, 56ft
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 600.0 A
Plug 600.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) M1 (4800A)
0.01
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 600.0 A
Plug 400.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 5 (1600A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) 6 (2400A)
PD-PP1-MAIN
SQUARE D
KA
KA
Trip 70.0 A
Settings Phase
Thermal Curve
INST LO (350A)
0.5 1
10
100
1K
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage: 480V Current in Amps x 1
10K
100K
Adjustments to be Made
Settings
CURRENT IN AMPERES
1000
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN
100
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 600.0 A
Plug 600.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) M1 (4800A)
.
• LTPU - Long time pick up
These devices are
not coordinated.
By adjusting the
settings on each
devices we can
improve coordination.
• LTD – Long time delay
• STPU – Short time Pickup
TIME IN SECONDS
10
PD-PP1
1
0.10
0.01
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 600.0 A
Plug 400.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 5 (1600A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) 6 (2400A)
• I²t – Short time delay bend
• INST – Instantaneous
• GFPU – Ground Fault Pick up
PD-PP1-MAIN
SQUARE D
KA
KA
Trip 70.0 A
Settings Phase
Thermal Curve
INST LO (350A)
0.5 1
• STD – Short time Delay
• GFD – Ground Fault Delay
10
100
1K
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage: 480V Current in Amps x 1
10K
100K
• GFI²t – Ground Fault Delay
bend
Improved Coordination
Dominion Power
13800.0 V
SC Contribution 3P 10000.0 Amps
SC Contribution SLG 1000.0 Amps
X/R 3P 8.000
X/R SLG 8.000
CURRENT IN AMPERES
1000
PD-SWITCH BOARD-MAIN
C-UTILITY FEEDER
2 -#500, 120ft
P
S
100
T-UTILTIY FEEDER
300.0 kVA
13800/480V
5.0 %Z
C-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
1 -#500, 30ft
PP1
480.0 V
PD-AC/1-DISC
Sensor/Trip 80A
AC/1-DISC
480.0 V
PD-PP1
SWITCH BOARD
480.0 V
PD-LP
Sensor/Trip 400A 1
/300A
C-T-LP
1 -#350, 40ft
P
PD-PP1-MAIN
Sensor/Trip 150A
S
T-LP
45.0 kVA
480/208V
5.0 %Z
C-LP
1 -#2, 10ft
TIME IN SECONDS
PD-AC/1
Sensor/Trip 250A
/100A
C-AC/1-DISC
1 -#4, 20ft
.
These devices are
now coordinated.
PD-PP1 will know trip before
the Switchboard Main.
10
PD-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
Sensor/Trip 800A
/400A
PD-PP1
Sensor/Trip 250A
/200A
C-PP1
1 -#2/0, 56ft
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 600.0 A
Plug 600.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (600A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 7
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (1200A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.2 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) 5 (3000A)
0.10
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 600.0 A
Plug 400.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 7
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 2 (640A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) 2 (800A)
PD-PP1-MAIN
SQUARE D
KA
KA
Trip 70.0 A
Settings Phase
Thermal Curve
INST LO (350A)
C-AC/1
1 -#4, 20ft
M -AC/1
60.0 hp
PD-LP-M AIN 0.01
0.5 1
Sensor/Trip 125A
LP
208.0 V
10
100
1K
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage: 480V Current in Amps x 1
10K
100K
4th Step - Arc Flash Evaluation
 Arc Flash Evaluation
• To calculate the available arc flash energy, it is necessary to
perform a short circuit study to determine the magnitude of the
current that will flow in a fault condition, and also a coordination
study to determine the length of time it takes for an Over Current
Protection Devices (OCPD) to clear the fault.
Arc Flash Analysis
Dominion Power
C-UTILITY FEEDER
P
T-UTILTIY FEEDER
S
C-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
PD-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
PD-PP1
PD-AC/1
PD-LP
SWITCH BOARD
Energy 23.9 Cal/cm^2
@ 18 inches
PPE Class 3
C-AC/1-DISC
C-PP1
PD-PP1-M AIN
C-T-LP
PD-AC/1-DISC
P
T-LP
S
PP1
Energy 0.2 Cal/cm^2
@ 18 inches
PPE Class 0
AC/1-DISC
Energy 0.2 Cal/cm^2
@ 18 inches
PPE Class 0
C-AC/1
M -AC/1
C-LP
PD-LP-M AIN
LP
Energy 0.1 Cal/cm^2
@ 18 inches
PPE Class 0
Arc Flash Analysis
CURRENT IN AMPERES
1000
Arc
Flash
Current
PD-SWITCH
BOARD-MAIN
Dominion
Power
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 800.0 A
Plug 800.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 1 (800A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 24
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) S1 (6400A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.1 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) M2 (10160A)
The Switchboard
Main breaker
clear the fault
in 60 seconds.
C-UTILITY FEEDER
100
P
T-UTILTIY FEEDER
S
C-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
TIME IN SECONDS
10
PD-SWITCH BOARD-M AIN
PD-PP1
PD-PP1
PD-AC/1
SQUARE D
DS/DSL, Digitrip RMS 510/610/810/PowerLogic 810D
DS-206E
Trip 600.0 A
Plug 400.0 A
Settings Phase
LTPU (0.5-1.0 x P) 0.8 (320A)
LTD (2-24 Sec.) 2
STPU (2-10 x LTPU) 3 (960A)
STD (0.1-0.5 Sec.) 0.4 (I^2t Out)
INST (2-12 x P) 4 (1600A)
PD-LP
1
SWITCH BOARD
Energy 23.9 Cal/cm^2
@ 18 inches
PPE Class 3
C-AC/1-DISC
C-PP1
PD-PP1-M AIN
C-T-LP
0.10
PP1
Energy 0.2 Cal/cm^2
@ 18 inches
PPE Class 0
P
PD-AC/1-DISC
PD-PP1-MAIN
S
SQUARE D
KA
AC/1-DISC KA
Trip 70.0 A
Settings Phase
Energy 0.2 Cal/cm^2
Thermal Curve
@ 18 inches INST LO (350A)
PPE Class 0
C-AC/1
0.01
M -AC/1
T-LP
0.5 1
C-LP
PD-LP-M AIN
10
100
1K
LP
Energy 0.1 Cal/cm^2
tcc1.tcc Ref. Voltage:
@ 480V
18 inchesCurrent in Amps x 1
PPE Class 0
10K
100K
5th Step – Review
Results/Recommendations
 Reports are generated based Existing (as is) conditions.
Identifies the problem areas with bad coordination and high
incident energy categories
 Reports are generated based on Recommendations (best
scenario) to better coordinate devices and lower arc flash
incident energy categories
 Begin Training Process
ON-SITE ELECTRICAL
SAFETY TRAINING
 A balance of safety & technical training is essential for continuous
improvement
 Designed to protect lives, prevent disabling injuries, and prevent
damage to your facility & equipment.
 Personnel learn about personal safety for working on or around
electrical systems
 Understand the proper use of materials and procedures for doing
electrical work
 Hands-on practical instruction that they can immediately apply
when they go back to their workplace
 Who should be trained? Anyone who works on or around any
electrically energized equipment
Sample Arc Flash Label
Definition Qualified Person
 OSHA
• One who has received training in
and has demonstrated skills and
knowledge in the construction
and operation of electric
equipment and installations and
the hazards involved.
 NFPA 70E
• Skills and knowledge related
to the construction and
operation of the equipment
and has received safety
training on the hazards
involved.
Qualified Person
 Are they qualified to be working on live exposed electrical parts?
Perception of a Qualified Person
 Licensed Electrician = qualified employee
 Training Certificates
 Years of Experience
 “I have never been hurt”
Summary
 Don’t assume that a person is qualified
 When in doubt, ask!!!!
 Their qualifications can affect you, your co-workers,
and your company, the facility, etc…
 Best Practice: Whenever possible, work on
electrical equipment de-energized
 Remember, regulations are minimum requirements
 Utilize best resources available
 Develop a principle directive (Golden Rule!)
Quick Facts
Multi-Disciplined Team
Partial Client List
Established in 1981
75 employees
4 office locations
 Massachusetts
 North Carolina
 Vermont
 Virginia


Health Care


25 Mechanical
25 Electrical & Controls
15 Instrument Technicians
10 CAD/Admin
Geographically
Percent of fee revenue
VT Region
MA Region
40%
40%
20%
Burlington Community Health Ctr.
 Astra Zeneca
 Fanny Allen Hospital
 Baxter Bioscience
 Fletcher Allen Health Care
 Covidien
 Littleton Hospital
 Genzyme
 University Health Care
 Johnson & Johnson
 University of Vermont, Given Medical  LifeNet
 Upper Connecticut Valley Hospital
 Lonza Biologics
 VA Hospital
 Mylan Technologies
 Novartis
 Pfizer Global R&D
 Siemens Medical Solutions
Services
 Stryker Biotech
Percent of fee revenue
 Wyeth
Engineering
Commissioning
35%
Mid-Atlantic Region
BioTech & Pharmaceutical

30%
35%
Markets
Percent of fee revenue
Life Sciences, Health Care,
R&D, Higher Education
70%
Systems Integration

Electrical systems design is at the core of our well established MEP
firm. Leveraging our knowledge and expertise we can conduct arc
flash analysis with precision, and provide recommendations based on
our vast experience.

A comprehensive study of the electrical system can provide the
Owner the necessary tools to predict possible system failures, as well
as the data necessary for safety, maintenance, and future planning.
Industrial
15%
15%
Microelectronics