Workshop on India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation
India, New-Delhi, February 28 - March 1, 2013
Advanced renewable energy
technology
Dr. Igor Tyukhov
University of Mechanical Engineering & VIESH
UNESCO Chairs
Green technology, nanotechnology in action!
Topics for discussion
Si concentrating technology – new
prospectus
New technology of PV modules - PV
modules without plastics
Going to smart grids
Solar education
Non-concentrating and concentrating approaches PV
Concentrating Photovoltaics
7. International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems
4-6 April, 2011, Las Vegas, USA
With some 500 attendees from 26 countries, CPV-7 again had an incredible
25% increase in participation!
Solar cells evolution & where we are going?
Our PV+T
system
New VMJ
(PV)
VMJ
with Al
First
VMJ
Three generations of SCs
Production
volume, %
$/Wpeak
Cost $/m2
c-Si Solar Cells Types
Planar solar cell
Vertical multi-junction
(VMJ) solar cell
Classic structure
Large serial resistance
under concentrating light
Inherently low serial resistance under
concentrating light
VMJ technology
Sample of VMJ solar cell and array for two side illumination
VMJ SC advantages
• low series resistance leads to the absence of mutual contradictions
between sheet resistance of emitter, spectral sensitivity, surface of
electrical contact grid and so on;
• high tolerance to damage radiation (it is easier to optimize the radiation
resistance in space solar cells);
• lower equilibrium temperature (no need of metallization on the front and
back surfaces, that is why VMJ SC are transparent to IR behind the main
absorption band);
• in comparison to planar bifacial SC, VMJ SC have ideal symmetrical
frontal and back sensitive surfaces, that allows to use a both side
illumination;
• low silicon consumption in concentrator system
• can be used as component part of tandem SC (because they are
transparent behind the main absorption band;
• high output voltage (series connection of cells) and small current under
the same power lead to more efficient battery (because of decreasing
losses, which are arising at the high current cells).
Experimental parameters planar and multi-junction SC
Experimental
parameters
Voltage density,
V/cm2
Illumination intensity
range for effective
operation, W/cm2
Maximum electric
output in the
laboratory, W/cm2
Maximum efficiency
in the laboratory, %
Planar SC
Multi-junction SC
0.1 - 1
10 - 100
0.1- 1 for traditional
design
1 – 100 for special
design
10 -1 - 104
30
3600
28 (solar radiation)
36 (laser radiation)
Our main goal
Developing new generation design and
technology of VMJ SCs, providing efficiency of
converting solar radiation up to 25% and able to
work in PVT systems with total efficiency up to
70-80 %
Our tasks and technological partners
Optimization and making structures with p-n junctions
(MISIS, Micron)
Finding new materials and wafer bonding technology
parameters (Cambridge)
Optimization of cutting processes and surface treatment of
PV structures after cutting (Micron, Pulsar)
Developing and realization methods of forming additional
horizontal p-n junctions (MISIS)
Finding better cover materials and possible methods of
creating efficient UV radiation into photoactive light
(Cambridge)
Developing processes of bonding separate VMJ SC (MISIS ,
Micron, Cambridge)
Developing recommendations on PVT systems
concentrator PVT (VEI)
For beginning we have intellectual property & …
Preparing new Russian patent devoted to development solar cell with new
structures and materials
I.Tyukhov et al., 2008 (jointly with VEI, MISIS
Federal Agency on Science and Innovation of Russian Federation supported of
this research project (2007-2009), Ministry of Science and Education is partly
supporting of this research project (2009-2011)
…and experience of developing CPVT system
CPVT system
HCPV
(at the roof of VEI)
Additional heat using and high
total effectiveness 70%
USA, GreenField Solar,
Two side illumination
Electrical efficiency 19%
Suitable for mass production
Know-how
• Gettering and radiation methods of charge
carriers lifetime improvements and creating
additional p-n junctions
• New bonding materials (Ti/Ni/In, SiGe, metal
glasses instead of Al, silumin)
• Protective diamond-like carbon coatings
• Searching for new suitable multifunctional
antireflection coatings
Discussion of progress in development
systems based on VMJSC
Igor Tyukhov (MSUEE, VEI) , Bernard Sater and Mico Peralis (GreenField Solar)
11 August 2011, Oberling, Ohio, USA
One more reason for supporting our
technology
C.S. Tao et al. / Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 95 (2011) 3176 –3180
Increasing numbers of patents
John S. Liu, Chung-Huei Kuan, Shi-Cho Cha, Wen-Ling Chuang, George J. Gau, Jeng-Ywan Jeng Photovoltaic
technology development: A perspective from patent growth analysis Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, v. 95,
№ 11, November 2011, р. 3130-3136.
John S. Liu, Chung-Huei Kuan, Shi-Cho Cha, Wen-Ling Chuang, George J. Gau, Jeng-Ywan Jeng
Photovoltaic technology development: A perspective from patent growth analysis Solar Energy
Materials and Solar Cells, v. 95, № 11, November 2011, р. 3130-3136.
VMJ SC potential applications & customers
•Oil and gas companies (autonomous electrical and
heat supply, energy supply systems for SCADA)
• Autonomous electrical and heat supply of solar
villages, cities (Dagestan, Buryatiya, Baikal area
and others), resorts and natural reserve areas
• Space applications
•Thermo-photovoltaic technology (TPV) – different
from PVT!
A basic TPV system consists of a thermal emitter and a photovoltaic
cells
• Special applications (transfer energy with laser
beam, high intensity metrology and etc. )
Block-scheme of autonomous REN systems
Accumulating unit
Conversion and
distributing unit
Local or
centralized
grid
Solar modules
Automatic
control unit
Micro-hydro
Wind turbine
Electric
receiver
External interface
Smart grids
Principal Characteristics: Enable active participation by Consumers, Accommodate all
generation and storage options, Enable new products, services, and markets, Provide
power quality for the digital economy Optimize asset utilization and operate efficiently,
Anticipate & respond to system disturbances (self-heal), Operate resiliently against
attack and natural disaster [Mark Thiele (Fig.) and DOE/NETL-2010/1401]
PV modules without plastics
The problem of achievement of solar energy competitiveness
in comparison with traditional energy technologies can be solved by
reduction cost of modules, increasing of solar energy conversion
efficiency, and also, appreciably, by increasing of service life of
operation at least twice.
Traditional PV modules produced by a thermal-vacuum lamination method with
application gluing films on the basis of copolymers EVA, have durability does not
exceed 25 years in a temperate climate, 20 - in conditions of a dry tropical climate and
is essentially reduced in conditions of damp tropics.
• Processes like browning and delaminating result in corrosion and formation of leakage
currents due to presence and activation ionogenic groups in damp environment,
decrease of optical transmission factor in the spectral sensitivity field of PV modules.
The second group of the processes, resulting in reduction of electric parameters of
modules, is processes of contact system elements
• Thus, quality of encapsulant materials is a determinative factor of long service ability of
PV modules.
• In this connection there is essential interest on development of materials with
increased optical transmission and thermal stability for their use in modern designs of
PV modules, including in systems with the concentrated sunlight.
A new technology of PV modules with life time up to 40-50
years without traditional plastic materials like EVA, tedlar,
mylar etc.
• Modern achievements in the field of organic-silicon compounds
synthesis allow to produce the materials combining high operational
properties of polysiloxanes with an opportunity of their usual
processing methods for thermoplastic materials, in particular, by
extrusion.
• Preliminary laboratory tests were carried out on separate constructive
elements of modules with amorphous and monocrystal silicon of
different manufacturers in the conditions appropriate to requirements
of domestic and international standards.
• The results of laboratory experiments have shown that the filler on
basis TSE does not concede, and on a number of parameters (for
example, stability of adhesive characteristics) surpasses materials on
basis EVA. The received results were checked and confirmed in the
expanded laboratory and natural - climatic tests.
• PV modules with new encapsulant are testing now in Spain.
• New modules are very suitable
for such long term applications
as for facades or for teaching
activity for schools
Towards 50 years lifetime of PV panels laminated with silicone gel technology
Solar Energy, Volume 86, Issue 10, October 2012, p. 3103-3108
V. Poulek, D.S. Strebkov, I.S. Persic, M. Libra
Educational activity
Global-local monitoring system
Seminar for teachers at UNESCO Chair
VIESH
Irina Persits shows production facility to
teachers
School №444
Schoolboy at UNESCO chair
Thinking, what they are doing here?
Excursion in VIESH of school - Center
of education № 1498
American schools in Oregon takes into
account our experience (F. Vignola’ project)
Energizing the Next Generation with Photovoltaics
by F. Vignola, I. Tyukhov etc. published at ASES 2010
Possible cooperation
 UMECH is new big ambitious university with good
connections to research institutions (VIESH, IVT RAN,
VEI and many others)
 We would like to develop international cooperation
(EURONETRES UNESCO (why not IRNETRES?),
International INTERNET FORUM of Young Researchers,
Post-Graduate Students and Students “Engineering and
Technological Research for Sustainable Development”
September 2013 – March 2014)
 Concentrator Si PV and free plastic technologies
 Smart grids
 Solar electric transport, cheap air collector
 Solar education, Internet Forum
Thanks!
ityukhov@yahoo.com