GEOSYNTHETICS
V.K.PATIL
BOMBAY TEXTILE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION
L.B.S.MARG, GHATKOPAR (W),MUMBAI-400086.
WEB : btraindia.com e-mail : btra@vsnl.com
GEOTECH
Geosynthetics
Polymeric, planar products used with soil, rock
or other geotechnical related materials as an
integral part of a man-made project, structure
or system
GEO-TECHNICAL PRODUCTS:
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GEOTEXTILES
GEONETS
GEOGRIDS
GEOMEMBRANES
GEOCOMPOSITES
Geosynthetic Clay Liner ( GCL )
Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRM)
GEOFOAMS
Rigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Geofoam
DRAINS
Geocomposite Pavement Panel Drains
Vertical Strip Drains
Prefabricated Vertical Drains ( PVD )
Erosion Control Blankets ( ECB )
Alternative Daily Covers (ADC)
Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGM)
GEO-TECHNICAL PRODUCTS:
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GEOTEXTILE : A flexible, permeable fabric used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or
other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a man made
project, structure, or system.
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GEONET: A netlike polymeric material formed from intersecting ribs integrally joined
at the junctions used for drainage with foundation, soil, rock, earth or any other
geotechnical-related material.
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GEOGRID: An open grid structure of polymeric material used primarily for tensile
reinforcement.
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GEOMEMBRANE : An essentially impermeable membrane.
GEOCOMPOSITE : A manufactured material using geotextiles, geogrids and/or
geomembranes in laminated or composite form.
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GEOCELL: A three-dimensional structure filled with soil, thereby forming a mattress
for increased stability when used with loose or compressible soils.
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Geosynthetic Clay Liner : Factory-manufactured hydraulic barriers consisting of a
layer of bentonite clay or other very low permeability material supported by
geotextiles and/or geomembranes and mechanically held together by needling,
stitching or chemical adhesive.
GEO-TECHNICAL PRODUCTS:
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Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRM) : cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative to
hard armor erosion protection solutions such as concrete and riprap. UV and chemical
resistant synthetic polyolefins are manufactured to create a flexible three-dimensional
matrix. Seed and soil are held in place within the matrix. As the vegetation matures, roots
and stems inter-twine with the matrix, creating a "Biotechnical Composite" that is
permanently anchored to the soil greatly enhancing the turfs’ ability to withstand high
shear stresses and flow velocities.
GEOFOAMS :
Rigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam: block or planar rigid cellular foam polymeric
material used in geotechnical engineering applications
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Geofoam : EPS geofoam is a lightweight, rigid foam
plastic that is approximately 100 times lighter than most soil and at least 20 to 30 times
lighter than other lightweight fill alternatives
DRAINS
Geocomposite Pavement Panel Drains
Vertical Strip Drains
Prefabricated Vertical Drains ( PVD ): A geotextiles constructed from specially conditioned
geotextile fabrics and plastic cores used for consolidation of soil & ground improvement
Erosion Control Blankets ( ECB ) : A temporary protective blanket laid on top of bare soil
vulnerable to erosion, commonly made of mulch, wood fibre or synthetics.
Alternative Daily Covers (ADC): A cover material other than earthen material placed on the
surface of the active face of a municipal solid waste landfill at the end of each operating
day to control vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging.
Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGM) : A geotextile impregnated & coated
with bituminous binder.
RAW MATERIALS
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Fibers :
Synthetic
 Polypropylene
 Polyester
 Polyamide
 Glass
 Polyethylene ( HDPE / LDPE )
 PVC
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Natural
Banana
Coir
Kenaf
Jute
MAJOR FIBRE PROPERTIES
Polyester
Polyamide
Polypropylene
Polyethylene
Strength
H
M
L
L
Elastic modulus
H
M
L
L
Strain at failure
M
M
H
H
Creep
L
M
H
H
Unit weight
H
M
L
L
Cost
H
M
L
L
stabilized
H
M
H
H
Unstabilized
H
M
M
L
Alkalis
L
H
H
H
Fungus, vermin
M
M
M
H
Fuel
M
M
L
L
Detergents
H
H
H
H
Resistance to: U.V.
light
GEOTECHNICAL PRODUCTS
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GEOTEXTILE
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GEOCELL
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ALTERNATE DAILY
COVERS
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GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY
LINER
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PREFABRICATED
VERTICAL DRAIN
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TURF
REINFORCEMENT MAT
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EROSION CONTROL
BLANKET
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GEOFOAM
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GEOCOMPOSITE
GEOMAT
GEOGRID
GEONET
Applications of Geosynthetics:
•Soil separation
•Landfill
•Drainage
•Filtration
•Erosion control
•Weed control
•Earth reinforcement
•Root barriers
•Structure drainage
•Railways
•Unpaved roads , Paved roads and parking lots
•Industrial yards
•Septic systems
•Recreational facilities
•Landscaping
•Pond liners
•Sediment control
•Flood control
APPLICATION OF GEOSYNTHETICS
Road
Railway
River / Sea
Landfill
Dam & Canal
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR
GEOTEXTILES
Weaving Technology
 Warp Knitting Technology
 Multiaxial Technology
 Needle Punch Technology
 Spunbond Technology
 Spunlace Technology
 Stitchbond Technology
 Melt blown Technology
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WEAVING TECHNOLOGY
WARP KNITTING TECHNOLOGY
MULTIAXIAL TECHNOLOGY
NEEDLE PUNCH TECHNOLOGY
SPUNBOND TECHNOLOGY
SPUNLACE TECHNOLOGY
MELT BLOWN TECHNOLOGY
STITCHBOND TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF GEOSYNTHETICS
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NONWOVENS
SUPREME NONWOVENS Pvt. Ltd., VAPI
JEEVAN PRODUCTS, NAVI MUMBAI
HITKARI FIBRES, MAHARASHTRA
SVM NONWOVENS ( CHARMINAR ) Pvt.Ltd., HYDRABAD
POLYFELT GEOSYNTHETICS, HYDRABAD
UNIPRODUCTS (I) Pvt. Ltd. HARYANA
PACIFIC HARISH INDUSTRIES Ltd., GUJRAT
OBEETEE TEXTILES, UTTARANCHAL
KHOSLA PROFILES, MUMBAI
TECHFAB INDIA Ltd., DAMAN
AMBIKA POLYMERS, AHEMDABAD
MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF GEOSYNTHETICS
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WOVEN GEOTEXTILES / GEOGRIDS
GARAWARE WALL ROPES Ltd, PUNE
KUSUMGAR CORPORATES, MUMBAI
TECHFAB INDIA Pvt. Ltd. SILVASSA
Hi Tech Speciality Fabrics, Pvt. Ltd. Baroda
POLYFELT GEOSYNTHETICS, HYDRABAD
AMBIKA POLYMERS, Pvt. Ltd., AHEMDABAD
STRATA GEOSYSTEMS (I) Pvt. Ltd., DAMAN
SKAPS INDUSTRIES INDIA Pvt. Ltd., AHEMDABAD
JAI CORP Ltd., SILVASA
MACHINE MANUFACTURERS / SUPPLIERS
Machines
Manufacturers
Agents
Needle punching plant
DILO, Germany
Voltas Ltd
Needle punching plant
Oerlikon Neumag
Oerlikon Neumag, Mumbai
Needle punching plant
Erko Trutzler
ATE Enterprises, Mumbai
Needle punching plant
China Textile Machineries
Knitting
Karl Mayor
ATE Enterprises, Mumbai
Knitting
LIBA
ICC International Agencies,
Mumbai
Looms
Sulzer
Itma weaving, Mumbai
Looms
Dornier
Dornier , Mumbai
Coating machines
Coaetma
Cormatex, Mumbai,
Deeco Marketing, Mumbai
GROWTH RATES TO INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES 2004 – 2010 (IN %)
Indutech
Buildtech
Geotech
Packtech
Agrotech
Sporttech
30
25
20
15
10
5
00
2000 – 2004 %
2004 – 2010 %