Cloud Computing
Part #1
Zigmunds Buliņš, Mg. sc. ing
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http://www.digitaltrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Cloud-Computing.jpg
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Computing history (1)

Abacus
 2700–2300 BC
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Boulier1.JPG
http://retrocalculators.com/abacus_files/Wooden_Abacus_Russian_Wood_Schoty.jpg
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Computing history (2)

Babbage computer
 1834 - Charles Babbage
http://members.peak.org/~jeremy/superlative/pix/babbageMachine.jpg
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Computing history (3)

Z1 computer
 Konrad Zuse, 1936
 22-bit floating point
 Z2, Z3, … Z5
 Plankalkul (ALGOL)
http://www.yorku.ca/lbianchi/sts3700b/z1-vb2.jpg
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Computing history (4)

Bell 1
 1940
 9000 relays, 90 m2, 10 t

Mark 1
 1944
 Equations

ENIAC
 1946
 18000 lamps, 90 × 15 m2, 30t, 150 kW
 100 kHz, + for 0.2 ms, * for 2.8 ms
http://mathsci.ucd.ie/~plynch/eniac/ENIAC.jpg
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Computing history (5)

Philco-2000
 1955
 56000 transistors, 1200 diodes, (450 lamps)
 + for 1,7 microseconds, * for 40,3

CDC 6600
 1960
 169000 transistors
 100 MHz
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CDC_6600.jc.jpg/800px-CDC_6600.jc.jpg
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Computing history (6)

System-360
 1964, First integral
 DOS, OS/360

Intel 8008
 1972
 8 bit
Intel 8088
 PC XT -> PC AT (80286)

http://www.wired.com/images/article/full/2008/04/ibm_360_500px.jpg
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Performance progress (1)


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
2010: 2.57 petaflops
2005: 280.6 teraflops
2000: 4.94 teraflops
1995: 170 gigaflops




15,100 times faster
1,650 times faster
19 times faster
The baseline
http://royal.pingdom.com/2010/12/02/incredible-growth-supercomputing-performance-1995-2010/
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Performance progress (2)

In 2010, we measure the performance of
the fastest supercomputers in petaflops
(quadrillions of operations per second).
In 1995, we used gigaflops (billions of
operations per second). We are now
using the scale a million times larger
than we did 15 years ago.
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Tasks and computers

Need for performance
 Amount of the data
 Resolution / quality / complexity

Growing demand
 More online users
 More applications running
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Scaling thing (1)

Personal computer
 Simple, personal computing tasks
http://a57.foxnews.com/global.fncstatic.com/static/managed/img/Health/2009/July/660/371/COMPUTER-GIRL_640.jpg?ve=1
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Scaling thing (2)

Network
 Common tasks, resources
http://www.lucartech.com/images/Services_network.jpg
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Scaling thing (3)

Cluster
 Processing power, large IO
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/figures/1471-2105-11-217-1-l.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MEGWARE.CLIC.jpg/300px-MEGWARE.CLIC.jpg
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Scaling thing (4)

Cloud
 The topic we will speak about…
http://www.bluesci.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Sevensheaven_illustration-Cloud_Computing.jpg
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Cloud computing (1)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing.svg
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Cloud computing (2)
Grid computing
 SOA
 Client-server

 distributed application that distinguishes
between service providers (servers) and
service requesters (clients)

Peer-to-peer
 distributed architecture without the need for
central coordination
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5 essential characteristics
On-demand self-service
 Broad network access
 Resource pooling
 Rapid elasticity
 Measured service

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Service models
Infrastructure (IaaS)
 Platform (PaaS)
 Software (SaaS)
 Network (NaaS)
 Database (DBaaS)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Cloud_computing_layers.png
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Deployment models
Public cloud
 Community cloud
 Hybrid cloud
 Private cloud

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Cloud_computing_types.svg
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Comparison for SaaS
Criteria
Public cloud
Private cloud
Initial cost
Typically zero
Typically high
Running cost
Predictable
Unpredictable
Customization
Impossible
Possible
Privacy
No (Host has access
to the data)
Yes
Single sign-on
Impossible
Possible
Scaling up
Easy while within
defined limits
Laborious but no limits
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Virtualization (1)

VM technology allows multiple virtual
machines to run on a single physical
machine
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Virtualization (2)
Advantages of virtual machines:
 Run operating systems where the physical hardware is







unavailable;
Easier to create new machines, backup machines, etc.;
Software testing using “clean” installs of operating
systems and software;
Emulate more machines than are physically available;
Timeshare lightly loaded systems on one host,
Debug problems (suspend and resume the problem
machine);
Easy migration of virtual machines (shutdown needed or
not);
Run legacy systems!
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Advantages of Cloud
Computing (1)
Lower computer costs
 Improved performance
 Reduced software costs
 Instant software updates
 Improved document format compatibility

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Advantages of Cloud
Computing (2)
Unlimited storage capacity
 Increased data reliability
 Universal document access
 Latest version availability
 Easier group collaboration


Device independence
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Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing (1)
 Requires
a constant Internet
connection
 Does not work well with low-speed
connections
 Features might be limited
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Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing (2)
Can be slow
 Stored data might not be secure
 Stored data can be lost
 Compatibility for clouds/DB/etc.

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http://www.treloarphysio.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/relax-relaxing-8925208-1024-768.jpg
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