Outcome of the
2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit
and nuclear security culture
JK Lee, Counselor,
Permanent Mission of the Republic of Korea
April 24, 2012, CBN Security Culture Seminar
Contents
1. Summit Overview
2. Seoul Communiqué
3. Achievement of the Seoul Summit
4. Future Tasks
5. Nuclear Security Culture
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Summit Overview : Programme
March 26
Working Dinner
- Review of the Progress Made Since
the 2010 Washington Summit
March 27
Plenary I & II
-National Measures and International
Cooperation to Enhance Nuclear
Security, including Future Commitments
Working Lunch
- Nuclear Security-Safety Interface
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Summit Overview : Participants
53 heads of states and governments + 4
international organizations = 58 leaders
Azerbaijan, Denmark, Gabon, Hungary, Lithuania,
Romania, INTERPOL
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Summit Overview : New Elements
Extended participating states and international organization
- 6 more countries + Interpol
One Summit document – Seoul Communiqué
Inclusion of radioactive sources in 11 areas of priority
Addressing the issue of nuclear security and safety interface
Enhanced visibility of the role of the IAEA in nuclear security
Extended Outreach + Awareness raising
Enhancing Nuclear Security Culture
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Seoul Communiqué – Preamble(Major Principles)
Renew the political will generated from the 2010 Washington
NSS … Defeating [nuclear terrorism] requires strong national
measures and international cooperation …
Reaffirm our shared goals of nuclear disarmament, nuclear
nonproliferation and peaceful uses of nuclear energy
Stress the fundamental responsibility of States to maintain
effective security of all nuclear material
[Nuclear security] will not hamper the rights of States
[for the peaceful use of nuclear energy]
Noting the nexus between nuclear security and nuclear safety,
... address ... in a coherent manner
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Seoul Communiqué – 11 Key Elements
Key Elements
Specific Measures Agreed
1.Global nuclear security
architecture
-
Universal adherence to the amended CPPNM & ICSANT
Entry into force of the amended CPPNM by 2014
Wider participation in the GICNT
IAEA coordination conference on nuclear security in 2013
2. Role of the IAEA
- Central role of the IAEA
- Contribution to the IAEA NSF
3. Nuclear materials
- Minimization of HEU/Pu
- Voluntary announcement by 2013 of specific actions on
HEU minimization
- Converting research reactors and medical isotope
production facilities from using HEU to LEU
- Developing options for national policies on HEU
management
4. Radioactive sources
- Securing radioactive sources widely used and vulnerable
to malicious acts
- Establishing national registers of high-activity radioactive
sources
5. Nuclear safety &
security
- Address both measures in a coherent & synergistic way
- Encourage the IAEA to study the nexus between the two
- Better secure spent fuel and radioactive waste
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Seoul Communiqué – 11 Key Elements
Key Elements
Specific Measures Agreed
6. Transportation security
- Share best practices and establish domestic
tracking mechanism
7. Illicit Trafficking
- Participating in the IAEA’s ITDB, strengthening
related national capabilities
- Cooperation with INTERPOL
8. Nuclear Forensics
- Cooperating to build nuclear forensics capacity
9. Nuclear Security Culture
- Establishing COEs and sharing information
- Encouraging communication and coordination
among interested parties
10. Information Security
- Enhancing the security of nuclear-security related
information, including cyber-security
11. International Cooperation
- Encouraging the support of the international
community to the countries in need
- Reaffirming the need to raise public awareness
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Achievements of the Seoul NSS (1)
① Minimizing and Securing Nuclear Materials
HEU equivalent to 3,000 nuclear weapons
downblended in US, Russia
Russia-US PMDA
→ disposal of 68 M/T of Pu (enough for 17,000 nuclear
weapons) when implemented
Kazakhstan moved spent fuels (HEU 10M/T, Pu 3M/T)
to a new facility for long-term secure storage
(enough for 775 nuclear weapons)
530kg of HEU removed from eight countries
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Achievements of the Seoul NSS (2)
Sweden returned a few kg of Pu to the US
Eight countries newly pledged to remove HEU/Pu
* Poland, Hungary, Czech, Vietnam, Canada, Belgium, Australia, Italy
Countries will voluntarily announce specific actions
to minimize the use of HEU by the end of 2013
(Seoul Communiqué)
Developing options for national policies
on HEU management in the framework of IAEA
(Seoul Communiqué)
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Achievements of the Seoul NSS (3)
② Converting Research Reactors and Medical Isotope
Production Facilities From Using HEU Fuel to LEU Fuel
Kazakhstan, US, Russia, Canada, China, Hungary, Poland
pledged to convert research reactors from
HEU based to LEU based
ROK-US-Belgium-France project on testing the
performance of the high-density LEU (U-Mo) fuel
powder developed by the ROK
US-France-Belgium-Netherlands project on the
production of medical isotope (Mo-99)
using LEU targets by 2015
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Achievements of the Seoul NSS (4)
③ Strengthening the Global Nuclear Security Architecture
Bringing the amended CPPNM into force by 2014
(Seoul Communiqué)
* 14 countries and 20 countries ratified ICSANT and amended
CPPNM respectively, since the Washington Summit
* 15 countries announced plans to ratify the ICSANT and/or
the CPPNM
6 countries joined the GICNT
(Total number : 82 countries)
Supporting the 1540 Committee and
the Global Partnership with extended mandate
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Achievements of the Seoul NSS (5)
④ Emphasizing the central role of IAEA
Recognizing the value of IAEA Nuclear Security Plan
2010-2013
Encouraging countries to increase contribution to
Nuclear Security Fund (NSF)
Welcoming IAEA’s plan on international coordination
conference in 2013
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Achievements of the Seoul NSS (6)
⑤ Strengthening the Management of Radiological
Materials to Prevent Radiological Terrorism
Reflecting IAEA Code of Conduct on the Safety and
Security of Radioactive Sources into national practices
⑥ Addressing Nuclear Security and Safety
in a Coherent and Synergistic Way
Maintaining effective emergency preparedness,
response and mitigation capabilities
Welcoming IAEA’s efforts to provide recommendations
on interface between security and safety
Agreeing to better secure spent nuclear fuels and
radioactive waste
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Achievements of the Seoul NSS (7)
⑦ Preventing the Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear Materials
Building nuclear forensics capacity to identify the
source of illicitly trafficked materials
Sharing information with INTERPOL
⑧ Fostering a Nuclear Security Culture
Centers of Excellence under construction or plan
in 15 countries
Recognizing the role of private sector as stakeholders :
parallel events (Industry Summit and Symposium)
53 Countries Announced Over 100 Commitments
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Future Tasks
Implementing National Commitments, Joint Statement
and Agreed Measures in the Seoul Communiqué
Increasing Transparency and Outreach Activities
Strengthening universality in nuclear security
→ “Emphasizing the need for the involvement of all Member
States …
in an inclusive manner, and noting the role that int’l processes
…,
including NSS, could play … “
(2011 IAEA Resolution on Nuclear Security)
Outreach activities : IAEA / UN / regional hubs
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Future Tasks
Establishing Standards and Common Rules
for Nuclear Security
Efficient Review Mechanism
: Peer Review / Mandatory Review
National Progress Report, IAEA IPPAS
Long-Term Global Nuclear Security Governance
Need to develop global nuclear security governance
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Nuclear Security Culture in the NSS Process
2010 Washington Nuclear Security Summit
8. Acknowledge the need for capacity building for nuclear security and cooperation
at bilateral, regional and multilateral levels for the promotion of nuclear security
culture through technology development, human resource development, education,
and training; and stress the importance of optimizing international cooperation and
coordination of assistance;
10. Recognize the continuing role of nuclear industry, including the private sector, in
nuclear security and will work with industry to ensure the necessary priority of
physical protection, material accountancy, and security culture;
 Participating States will work, in guiding the nuclear industry, to promote and sustain strong
nuclear security culture and corporate commitment to implement robust security practices, ….
 Participating States encourage nuclear operators and architect/ engineering firms to take
into account and incorporate, where appropriate, effective measures of physical protection and
security culture into the planning, construction, and operation of civilian nuclear facilities and
provide technical assistance, upon request, to other States in doing so.
 Emphasizing the importance of the human dimension of nuclear security, the need to
enhance security culture, and the need to maintain a well-trained cadre of technical experts: …
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Nuclear Security Culture in the NSS Process
Seoul Communiqué
Recognizing that investment in human capacity building is fundamental to
promoting and sustaining a strong nuclear security culture, we encourage
States to share best practices and build national capabilities, including through
bilateral and multilateral cooperation. At the national level, we encourage all
stakeholders, including the government, regulatory bodies, industry, academia,
nongovernmental organizations and the media, to fully commit to enhancing
security culture and to maintain robust communication and coordination of
activities.
We also encourage States to promote human resource development through
education and training. In this regard, we welcome the establishment of Centers
of Excellence and other nuclear security training and support centers since the
Washington Summit, and encourage the establishment of new centers.
Furthermore, we welcome the effort by the IAEA to promote networking
among such centers to share experience and lessons learned and to optimize
available resources. We also note the holding of the Nuclear Industry Summit
and the Nuclear Security Symposium on the eve of the Seoul Nuclear Security
Summit.
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Nuclear Security Culture in the NSS Process
Nuclear Security Training Centers(CoEs)
Since the Washington Summit, countries are establishing Centers of Excellence (CoE)
to enhance national nuclear security capabilities.
In addition to the six countries - China, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan and the
Republic of Korea – which have announced plans to establish a CoE at the Washington
Summit, around ten countries are either establishing a CoE or have plans in this
regard.
Joint Statement on Nuclear Security Training and Support Centers
On the occasion of their participation in the 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit,
Algeria, Australia, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Italy,
Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco,
Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom,
and the United States(24) note their intent to collaborate in the form of the
International Network for Nuclear Security Training and Support Centres (NSSCs)
aiming to build up a cadre of highly qualified and well trained nuclear security
personnel, provide specific technical support required for effective use and
maintenance of instruments and other nuclear security technical systems, as well as
provide scientific support for the etection of and the response to nuclear security
events in a country.
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Official Theme Song of the Summit
Singer: Lena (Jung-hyun) Park
“Peace Song” shows Korea’s willingness to create
a world free of nuclear terrorism and promote
world peace
It doesn’t matter who you are,
And no matter where you’re from, we are
We all are one with all our beating hearts
we strive, we struggle, so let all the dreams that move us
The hopes and the desires within us be common ground
And let it lead our way
Reach and we’ll take the skies
There’s no such thing as impossible
To keep our children laughing here and now, and forever more
Reach and we’ll see and finally understand peace can be
Be this real place, this will be reality
“BEYOND SECURITY TOWARDS PEACE”
THANK YOU! 감사합니다!