Agricultural Engineering
Agriscience Applications
By: Johnny M. Jessup
FFA Advisor/Agriculture Teacher
Safety Awareness
 Safety
is being prepared since almost
50% of all farm related accidents
involve working with machinery &
equipment.
 Safety is developing an environment
free from danger, risk, or injury.
Safety Awareness

The #1 key to shop
safety is the people
who use the shop.
 Workers should
always….


Be trained in proper
tool operations.
Pass a safety test
before using the
shop.
Principles for Safety
 Keep
the shop in an orderly manner to
prevent tripping and related injuries.
 Remove unnecessary hazards such
as oily rags.
 Minimize danger by making certain all
machines have safety shields to place
prior to an during operation.
Principles for Safety
 Wear
appropriate protective clothing
& devices.
 Safety
glasses & goggles prevent eye
injury from dust and flying objects.
 Leather steel-toed shoes offer protection
should items be dropped or fall on the feet.
 Ear plugs or ear muffs can prevent hearing
loss when the noise level exceeds 90 dB
(decibels).
Safety Color Coding
 National
organizations worked together.
 Code was published by the….
 American
Society of Agricultural Engineers
 Safety Committee of the American
Vocational Association
 Color
coding alerts people to dangers &
hazards, provides information to help
one react quickly in an emergency.
Basic Colors
 Red
 Identifies
areas of danger.
 Used on safety switches & fire
extinguishers.
 Danger
Basic Colors
 Orange
 Identifies
 Warning
wheels, levers, and knobs.
Basic Colors
 Yellow
 Identifies
that wheels, levels, and knobs
that adjust or control machines.
 Caution
Basic Colors
 Blue
 Used
on signs such as “Out of order” to
identify broken shop equipment that does
not work properly.
 Information
Basic Colors
 Green
 Indicates
the presence of first aid and
safety equipment.
 Safety
Fire Hazards in
the Agricultural
Mechanics Shop
The Fire Triangle
 Fuel
 Any
combustible
material that will
burn
 Examples:
Oily rags
 Saw dust
 Paper

The Fire Triangle
 Heat
 Most
materials
will burn if they
are made hot
enough.
The Fire Triangle
 Oxygen
 Gas
in the
atmosphere that
is not a fuel, but
must be present
for fuels to burn.
The Fire Triangle
Fire Prevention
 Take
away one of the components of
the fuel triangle and fire will not start or
will stop if it has started.
 Safe storage of fuels is the easiest fire
prevention technique.
 Clean shop facilities also decrease the
chance of fire.
Fire Extinguishers
 Know
the kind of fire extinguisher that is
used for different kinds of fires prior to
the fire.
 Class
A is used for ordinary combustibles.
 Class B is used for flammable liquids.
 Class C is used for electrical equipment.
 Class D is used for combustible metals.
A
B
C
D
Fire Extinguishers

Know the placement of
fire extinguishers so that
time is not taken looking
for them if a fire occurs.
 Should be hung on walls
within easy reach in
areas where fires would
most likely occur.
Using Fire Extinguishers

Know how to use the fire extinguisher.


Hold upright, pull the ring pin, press the lever.
The nozzle of the extinguisher is directed toward
the base of the fire to discharge the extinguisher.
Smothering a Fire

Best used on a
person whose
clothes are on fire.
 Wrap the person in
a blanket to cut the
oxygen off to the
fire.
Planning Agricultural
Engineering Projects
Instruments for Simple Designs





Sharp Lead Pencil
 Needed for the highest quality scale drawing.
Protractor
 Used for drawing & measuring angles.
Good Eraser
 Helps makes corrections without distorting the
image.
12 inch Ruler
 Works for basic drawing.
Compass
 Used for drawing circles & arches.
Instruments for Detailed Designs
 Drawing
 Used
Board
for attaching the drawing paper.
 Masking
Tape
 Used
to secure the drawing paper to the
drawing board.
 T-Square
 Helpful
for drawing horizontal lines.
Instruments for Detailed Designs

Right Triangle



30o x 60o x 40o
Used to draw vertical lines.
Scale


Instrument with all increments shortened
according to proportion.
Two Types


Flat Scale – looks similar to a ruler.
Triangular scales – three sides, but six scales.
Basics of Drawing
 Sketch
 Rough
drawing that is not to scale.
 Sketches do not have dimensions
included.
 Pictorial
 Shows
Drawing
all three sides dimensions at once.
 All three views (front, side (end), and top
are in view.
A Pictorial Drawing
A. Top view
B. Side or End view
C. Front view
Basics of Drawing

Scale drawing



Represents an object in exact proportion.
Object is larger/smaller than the drawing itself.
Examples: ¼” = 1’



Then ¼” on the drawing would equal 1’ on the actual
object.
2” line on the drawing would equal 8’ on the object.
(2 divided by ¼ = 8)
The scale will vary depending on the size of the
object being drawn.
Determining Materials
 Bill
of Materials
 Complete
list and description of all
materials needed to construct a project.
 Abbreviations are often used.
BF= Board foot
 LF= Linear foot

Determining Board Feet

Determining board feet for small pieces.
BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (inches)
144

Determining board feet for large pieces.
BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (feet)
12
Determining Board Feet

How many board feet are in a board
4” x 6” x 24”?


BF = 4” x 6” x 24”
144
= 576”
144
= 1 BF
How many board feet are in a board
1” x 12” x 8’?

BF = 1” x 12” x 8’
12
= 96
12
=
8 BF
Basic Construction
Projects Tips
Wood Projects
 Fastest
way to fasten wood is by
nailing.
 Nail
hammer or nail gun are preferred
tools for driving nails.
 Screws
hold better than nails and are
driven quickly with power screwdrivers.
 Flathead
screw is the one most used
in woodworking.
Wood Projects

Bolts are particularly useful for
fastening wood at high stress points.
 Gluing is the strongest method of
fastening wood.



Often used along with nails, screws, etc.
Boards are held in place for gluing by clamps.
Dowel pins are round wood pins
sometimes used to strengthen wood joints.
Metal Projects

Steel

Most commonly used metal in agricultural
mechanics.
Marking Steel

Presents a special
problem as pencil
marks do not show
up well.
 Soapstone



Soft, gray rock.
Cut into thin pieces
resembling pencils.
Shows up well on
most metals.
Cutting Metal

Hack Saw



Hand tool most often
used for cutting
metal.
Especially useful for
cutting thin conduit.
Metal Cutting Band
Saw & Power
Hacksaws

May be used for
large projects.
Careers
Careers
 Attracts
students interested in
operation, maintenance, service, and
selling of agricultural equipment.
 Varied careers in Production support
such as Tractor mechanic, farm
machinery assembler, Agriculture
Safety Engineer.
Careers
 Careers
also in horticulture such as
irrigation engineer, Lawn mower
mechanic, Agriculture Equipment
designer.
 Education varies with the type of
Agriscience mechanics career chosen
and working conditions.
 Broad field includes agricultural
processing.
Careers
 Electricians
design & wire agricultural
equipment structures.
Careers

Use of engineering
equipment like
levels & tripods to
survey, layoff, and
construct terraces.
 Use of earth moving
machinery to control
erosion.
Careers

Diesel mechanics are
in demand because…..


Of the large amounts of
diesel powered
equipment.
Builders of structures
& equipment.
Designed By:
 Johnny
M. Jessup, FFA Advisor
 Hobbton
High School