Renewable Energy Developments
in India
MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
Government of India
Sustainable Development
A Development is sustainable when
“ the needs of the present are to be met without
compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs”.
Sustainable development is more than just
“Environment Conservation”. It is development
that is environmentally, socially and economically
sustainable.
ENERGY SECURITY
“Security of obtaining adequate supply of a traded
commodity, be it food or fuel, is generally a problem of
the poor people, poor regions or poor nations. The rich
with the power to pay the price, find willing suppliers for
what they want”
THE CHALLENGE
Developing countries are is facing formidable
challenges in meetings their energy needs and
providing adequate energy of desired quality in a
sustainable manner and at reasonable costs.
ENERGY FOR DEVELOPMENT
 Energy is ‘prime mover’ of the development process.
 There is a direct correlation of energy consumption
and economic growth of a society / country.
 Economic growth calls for increasing use of energy.
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY
GDP per
capita (US$)
Electricity consumption
per capita (kWh)
Liberia
240
87
India
840
789
China
1073
1208
Sweden
33540
15656
UK
23238
6158
USA
31992
13228
5700
2373
Country
World average
Energy is key to development
Use of energy depends on the economy
and the sources of energy available in
the area.
Energy Access
• Energy access is related to poverty, development,
gender disparity, environment, health and also
sustainability.
• Over 3 billion people in developing countries today rely
on traditional biomass for cooking and heating
• About 1.5 billion people are without electricity.
• Provision of basic energy services to these energypoor citizens is a challenge world over and particularly
in developing countries.
• Energy access is crucial to inclusive and sustainable
economic growth.
Challenges of Energy Access in Developing
Countries
• A large rural population and their
dependence on agricultural activities.
Most of the
developing
countries
have low per
capita
incomes.
• Rapidly growing energy demand for
domestic as well as other activities.
• Traditional biomass resources contribute
significantly to the energy mix in rural
areas.
• Women traditionally are responsible for
managing the domestic energy
requirements for their families.
Challenges of Energy Access in Developing
Countries
Women
traditionally
are
responsible
for managing
the domestic
energy
requirements
for their
families.
• The drudgery associated with the task of
securing fuel wood for cooking has a
direct bearing on women’s health and
family welfare.
• Energy access is much more than
lighting and heating. It is about rural
development, gender equality and a
better life for our common people.
• Providing sustainable and affordable
access to modern energy to a large
proportion of our population is a
challenge.
Household Energy The ‘Energy Ladder’
Increasing cleanliness, efficiency, cost and convenience
Around 70% of the
country’s population
still rely on biomass
fuels
Electricity
LPG, Gas
Kerosene
Charcoal, Coal
Wood
Crop waste, dung
Increasing prosperity and development
INDIAN POWER SCENARIO
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY
2,30,073 MW
(Dec, 2013)
GROSS GENERATION
940 BUs
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION
879 kWh / Annum
ENERGY SHORTAGE
about 4.1 %
PEAKING SHORTAGE
about 4.5 %
(2011-12)
(June 2013)
Indian Power Sector at a Glance
Total installed capacity : 2,30,073 MW
Thermal
1,35,610
Hydro
39, 788
Gas
20,359
Renewable
29,536
Nuclear
4780
• Renewable contributes 29,536 MW – 12.83%
• If we take large hydro under RE – 30%
Renewable Power Potential
S.
No.
Resource
Estimated Potential
(In MW.)
1.
2.
Wind Power (as per C-WET estimates at 80 m hub height)
Solar Energy
3.
4.
Small Hydro Power (up to 25 MW)
Bio-Power:
Agro-Residues
Cogeneration - Bagasse
Waste to Energy:
- Municipal Solid Waste to Energy
- Industrial Waste to Energy
Total
~ 100,000
> 100,000
30-50 MW/ sq. km.
20,000
17,000
5,000
2,600
1,280
>2,45,880
14
Plan wise Renewable Power Growth
Beginning
of
10th Plan
Beginning
of
11th Plan
Achievemen
ts during 11th
Plan
Cumulative
Achievements
up to 31.3.2012
1.4.2002
(MW)
1.4.2007
(MW
2007-2012
(MW)
(MW)
Wind
1,628
7,092
10,260
17,352
Small
Hydro
1,434
1,976
1,419
3,395
389
1,184
2041
3,225
Solar
2
3
939
941
Total
3,453
10,255
14,660
24,914
Bio power
Indian Renewable Energy at a Glance
Total Installed capacity 29,536 MW
Renewables constitute about 12.83 % of the total power
generation installed capacity in the country
16
GRID INTERACTIVE RENEWABLE POWER
 Deployment of renewable power during the 11th Plan
(2007-2012) has made it the second largest source after
conventional power.
 A target of 14,000 MW capacity addition was achieved
during 2007-2012 (the 11th Plan).
 A capacity addition of 30,000 MW is being targeted
during the 12th Plan (2012-17)
3
Renewable Energy Programmes
The Programmes and Schemes of the Ministry are classified in
following Five Groups:
 Grid Interactive and Distributed Renewable Power
 Grid - Interactive
 Off-grid power systems
 Renewable Energy for Rural applications
 Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial & commercial applications
 Research , Design, & Development in RE
Renewable Energy: Credentials
 Harnessed 12% of the estimated potential
 5th Position in overall RE Capacity Installations world-wide
 5th largest Wind installed capacity world-wide
 2nd largest number of installed Biogas plants
 6 million decentralized systems in use
 Renewable is the second largest source of power generation
after thermal.
Wind Power
Potential
:
100,000 MW
(as per C-WET estimates at 80 m hub height)
Achievement
:
19,993 MW
11th Plan Target/ Achievement:
9,000 MW / 10,260 MW
(2007-12)
Deployment target 12th Plan :
15,000 MW.
(2012-17)
Strategy:




GBI scheme reviewed and continued during 12th Plan
Wind Resource activities to be substantially increased.
Evacuation infrastructure to be developed.
Separate RPO for wind. Enforce RPO. Make REC work.
Wind Turbines installed in Chitradurga, Karnataka
Small Hydro Power
Potential
:
20,000 MW
Achievement
:
3,747 MW
11th Plan Target/ Achievement:
1400 MW / 1419 MW
(2007-12)
Deployment target 12th Plan :
Strategy:
2100 MW.
(2012-17)

Private sector participation

Performance based incentivisation for State sector / NE

Small plants to get higher support.
23
Bio-Energy Technologies
 Biomass Combustion
 Biomass used in boilers to generate heat/ steam to drive turbine for
generating electricity.
 Biomass Cogeneration
 Simultaneous production of heat / steam and electricity
These technologies are fairly well established in the country.
boilers / turbines comparable to best in the world.
Efficiencies of
 Biomass Gasification
 Conversion of woody and non-woody biomass such as Rice husk, cotton
stalks, wood chips etc. to producer gas
Technology successfully developed indigenously.
25
Biomass Power
Potential
:
17000 MW
Achievement
:
1264 MW
11th Plan Target/ Achievement:
(2007-12)
Deployment target 12th Plan :
(2012-17)
500 MW/ 626 MW
500 MW.
Strategy:

Promotion of small capacity biomass projects with
biomass linkage and captive plantations.
26
Bagasse Cogeneration
Potential
:
5000 MW
Achievement
:
2337 MW
11th Plan Target/ Achievement:
(2007-12)
Deployment target 12th Plan :
(2012-17)
Strategy:
1200 MW/ 1369 MW
1400 MW.

Promotion of BOOT/BOLT model in cooperative sector
sugar mills.

Promotion of optimum cogeneration potential in small size
sugar mills (<2500 TCD).
27
6 MW BIOMASS POWER PROJECT IN A.P.
Solar Energy and Solar Mission
Potential
:
30-50 MW/ sq. km
Achievement
:
2,080 MW
Over 1.9 million SPV Systems installed / distributed
2010-13 Target :
1100 MW Achievement 1684 MW
Target for 12th Plan
:
(2013-17)
Target for 13th Plan
:
(2017-22)
4000 MW.
15000 MW.
29
Solar Mission
Targets




20,000 MW grid by 2022
2.000 MW off-grid by 2022
20 million households covered by solar lighting
20 m sq meter of solar thermal
Objectives





Achieve grid parity by 2022
Increase domestic manufacturing capacity
Develop eco system for solar industry
Develop manpower
Support R & D
30
Solar Photovoltaic
International and National Status in Solar Cell
Japan, Germany, Australia and USA are the leading countries in research in SPV
Type of Solar cell
International Status
Indian Status
Production (R&D)
Crystalline silicon
solar cell
(mono/multi)
Production : 17-19%
Production : 14.5 -17%
R&D Lab: 24-25%
R&D Lab: 19.7%
6-9% (13%)
16.7%
19.4%
5 – 8% (9 – 12%)
(12%)
(13%)
10.4% / 5,15%
9.5% / 3%
Thin-film solar cell
a-Silicon
Cd Te
CIGS
Dye/ organic solar
cells
R&D Strategy for Solar research in India
 R&D in SPV and Solar thermal has been undertaken since late seventies
 Renewed Thrust on R&D in JNN Solar Mission
 R&D thrust areas are identified to achieve technical and cost goals
 Centers of Excellence created in research, education, Testing and
Characterization
 Industry involvement and Consortia approach promoted including
partners from both India & abroad
 Technology incubation and Validation
 International collaborations
Recent Initiatives in SPV R&D
 Development of poly silicon material (Maharishi Solar)
 20 -22% efficiency single crystal silicon cells (IIT-Mumbai)
 10 – 12% efficiency nano cystalline thin film modules
(IACS-Kolkata, HHV-Bangalore, NPL-Delhi, BES University,-Howrah)
 12- 15% efficiency CIGS cells (Moser Baer. NPL, IIT Kanpur)
 10- 12 % efficiency Dye sensitized cells (Amrita Nano Centre, IIT-Kanpur)
 5% efficiency organic-inorganic hetero junction cells
(IIT-Delhi, Delhi University)
50 MW solar energy project Phalodi, Jodhpur, Rajasthan under JNNSM
34
R&D in Solar Thermal Systems
 Indigenous development of Solar Water Heating systems and Solar
Cookers and full commercialization. Well established manufacturing base.
 Second generation technology developed using Selective coating
absorbers
 Number of modes developed for Solar Box type and concentrating dish
cookers.
 Scheffler cookers for indoor cooking for large kitchens.
 Concentrator technologies for steam generation and industrial process
heat applications
-
1 MW Solar Thermal Power
testing, research & simulation facility being set up at SEC
through IIT Bombay & Industry consortium


Combination of different collector technologies
Direct and indirect steam generation to be demonstrated
Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector
Parabolic Trough
Solar Dish Concentrator
-an indigenous development project- MWS and SEC
Solar thermal Stirling engines (3 units of 3 kW each) performance evaluation
at SEC jointly with ONGC Energy Research Centre)
CRISP Tower
(Collaborative Research Initiative in Solar Power Tower)
with Sun Borne Energy
Critical components
 Receiver
 Heliostat design
 Thermal storage
 Solar power tower controls
Electricity & Cold Storage for Remote Rural Applications
(SEC, Thermax, TERI)
•Electricity from biomass gasifier
•Cooling from engine exhaust
•Solar concentrators during solar hours
IMD and MNRE Network of Ground
Measurements of Solar Radiation Facilities
Solar Manufacturing
 World-class manufacturing companies
 Major global companies setting up base due to National
Solar Mission
 Annual production capacity


750 MW of PV Cells
1250 MW of PV Modules
 Mega Capacity Solar Parks under progress
Decentralized RE Systems
 Family Type Biogas systems
46.83 Lakh
 Solar Water Heating Systems
7.31 million sq. m
 Solar Cookers
6.98 Lakh
 Villages Electrification
9553
Technical Institutions
 Solar Energy Centre
 Centre for Wind Energy Technology
 Solar Energy Corporation of India
 National Institute of Renewable Energy
 Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
(A Dept. of IIT Roorkee working in close co-operation with MNRE on
small hydro)
Next Five Year Projections
(Installed Capacities in MW )
Source
Wind power
Small Hydro
Biomass Power
Bagasse
Cogeneration
Waste to Power
Solar Power
TOTAL
Installed
capacity
In
March, 2012
Capacity
addition Target
for
2012-17
Target installed
capacity in
2017
17,352
3,395
15,000
2,100
32,500
5,500
1,150
500
1,700
1,985
1,500
3,500
90
941
24,914
700
10,000
29,800
800
10,900
54,900
Contribution of Renewables after
12th Plan ( 2017)
At the end of 12th Plan,
•the total power generation capacity of the country is
expected to be 318,800 MW
Renewables are expected to contribute about 17% in this
capacity (55,000 MW)
and
Over 9% in the electricity mix
Renewable Energy in 2017
 RE capacity is likely to cross 30,000 MW by the end of 2013-
14 and 55,000 MW by 2017 (17% of total Capacity)
 The current contribution of 6% in electricity mix is likely
to go up to 9% in 2017.
 Wind power capacity is likely to cross 33,000 MW
 Solar power capacity likely to cross 10,000 MW if targets under
JNNSM are to be achieved
Renewable Energy in 2017
 De-centralised applications of solar, biogas, cook stove would be
wide spread.
 Energy Access in rural areas is a priority – target 5000 villages
 New avenues of setting up micro hydel projects based on velocity
of water on rivers / canals are emerging
 Waste to energy would be a viable option
 Bio energy based power generation would be an attractive option
for village electrification and economic activities
 More application of hydrogen / fuel cells would be developed
Thank you