CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES IN
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF K TO 12
Fr. Joel E. Tabora, SJ
SHORTCUTS IN TERMINOLOGY
• K to12
• Present 10
• Add Kindergarten (K)
• Add years 11, 12 = “Career Academy” (2)
• Pre-College
• Senior High School
• Junior High School
• K+6+4+2 = K to 12
• BEC – Basic Education Curriculum
• GEC – General Education Curriculum
REASONS FOR EDUCATION REFORM
• PH having the shortest education cycle in the
world (14 years 6+4+4)
• Washington Accord for Engineering – at least
16 years
• Bologna Process for accountants, pharmacists,
Physical Therapists – 15 years
• APEC Trade Agreement – deadline in 2020
• UNESCO Education For All Plan of Action
PHILIPPINE BASIC EDUCATION
CURRICULUM (BEC)
• National Elementary School Curriculum
• 1984 to 2002
• New Secondary Education Curriculum
• 1991-2002
• Revised Basic Education Curriculum 2002
• Secondary Education Curriculum Understanding by Design Model 2010
ISSUES WITH PRESENT BEC
• Insufficient mastery of basic competencies is
common due to a congested curriculum. The 12 year
curriculum is being delivered in 10 years.
• High school graduates are younger than 18 years old
and lack basic competencies and maturity. They
cannot legally enter into contracts and are not
emotionally mature for entrepreneurship /
employment.
• Other countries view the 10-year education cycle as
insufficient.
GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM
(GEC)
• GEC-A (63 units for humanities, social sciences
and communications students)
• GEC-B (51 units for non-HUSOCOM students)
ISSUES WITH PRESENT GEC
•
•
•
•
Heavier semestral load of students
No room for formation subjects
Increasing professional subjects
The variations in laboratory requirements pose practical
problems for smaller colleges with just enough laboratories
• Students not seeing the relevance of GEC subjects
• Since only professional courses that need international
accreditation are under the Washington and Bologna
Accord, some courses should have lesser subjects.
THE CHALLENGE
• Enhanced 10
• Lessen drop outs
• Decongest to improve learning
• RBEC
• Revised Basic Education Curriculum focused on just
• English
• Pilipino
• Mathematics
• Science
• Makabayan
• But it did not “decongest” the curriculum
THE CHALLENGE
• Challenge for curriculum designers based on
real feedback
• Don’t just push up
• Reduce – more time for independent work
and study
K TO 12 MODEL DEVELOPED BY DEPED
• A Comparative Example: Science Conceptual
Matrix
• Old RSEC
• K to 12 Model
GRADE 7
Scientific Method
Sun-Moon-Earth
System
GRADE 8
GRADE 9
Balance of nature Chemical
Systems
Cell
Composition of
the Atom
pushed down to Grade
6
GRADE 10
Newtonian
Mechanics
Electromagnetism
pushed down to
Grade 8
States of Matter
Life Energy
Elements in the
Periodic Table
Electronics
Nature of Force
Structure and Life
Functions of
Organisms
Genetics
Chemical
bonds
Wave motion
Motion
GRADES 11 AND 12
Chemical
pushed up to Grade Reactions
Acoustics
Evolution
Behavior of
pushed up to Grade Gases
Optics
Biodiversity
Solutions
Thermodynamics
Colloids
Nuclear Energy
9
Transfer of Energy
9
Changes on Earth
Relationships
between living and
non-living things
pushed down to
Grade 9
OLD RSEC for Science Grades 7-10
Grade 7
Scientific method
Grade 8
Human system
Grade 9
Genetics
Grade 10
Fluiddynamics
Grades 11 and 12
ST Subjects for Medical
and Allied Profession
Humans as stewards of
the earth
Reproduction
Evolution
Thermodynamics
ST Subjects for Food
Industries
Matter: measurement,
classification, changes
Cell
Chemical
reactions
Electrodynamics
ST Subjects for Energy
and Environment
Related Industries
Motion
Atoms - structure,
functions, periodicity
Thermal behavior
Waves: sounds and
optics
The Earth
Chemical bonds
Radioactivity
Effects of soil related
problems and how they
are managed
(lithosphere) added
Causes of motion
and laws of
conservation of
mechanical energy
and momentum
Effects of human
activities to
climate change
added
Effects of human
activities to
atmosphere added
If 6 units for GE courses
in Science:
SPECIALIZATION:
biotechnology and
bioethics added
1 ST Subject
Genetics
1 Research
Electrodynamics
Thermodynamics
K to 12 Curriculum for Science Grades 7-12
If 12 units for GE
courses in Science:
2 STS (Choice of 2)
2 Research
PHASES OF IMPLEMENTATION
1. Universal kindergarten will be offered starting SY
2011-2012.
2. DepEd will begin unclogging the basic education
curriculum in SY 2012-2013.
3. The enhanced 12-year curriculum will be
implemented starting with incoming Grade 1
students of SY 2012-2013.
4. Incoming freshmen of SY 2012-2013 will be the first
beneficiary of a free Senior High School education
that will be made available by DepEd in public
schools beginning SY 2016-2017. Electives to be
offered in Senior HS (arts, music, tech-voch..etc)
Source: Briefer prepared by the Department of Education, November 2, 2010
WORKPLAN OF DEPED STEERING
COMMITTEE FOR TRANSITION (SEPTEMBER 5, 2011)
Project Activity
Timetable
1. Development of K to 12 model plan
September to October 2011
2. Identification of K to 12 Model sites
October 2011
3. Curriculum Enhancement (Based on the K to 12
curriculum standards and competencies)
November to December 2011
4. Partnership with key stakeholders in the K to 12
model sites
January 2012
5. Training of Teachers
Until May 2012
6. Communication and Advocacy Plan
December 2011 to January
2012
7. K to 12 model, monitoring and evaluation
June 2012 onwards
8. Communication and Advocacy Plan
2014 onwards
TRANSITION SCHEME FOR K TO 12
PROBLEMS WITH TRANSITION SCHEME
• Too late to make transition compulsory.
• Difficulty to find students who will volunteer to go
through Grades 11 and 12. Since this will be in
selected pilot schools, they can actually opt to go
to College. Why then would they enter a shady
Grade 11?
• Official curriculum is not yet finalized. It is expected
on November, but this may be too late to train
teachers.
PROBLEMS WITH TRANSITION SCHEME
• Logistical problems for administrators.
• Textbooks and other materials are not yet
developed and printed for Grades 11 and 12.
• Increased drop-outs due to perceived irrelevance
of going to Grades 11 and 12.
OUR PROPOSAL
• Implement K to 12 on our own. Essentially, K to 12 is
an addition of 2 years in Basic Education.
• We plan for the content of K to 12 on our own.
• We accept that performance standards are based
on the:
• Content of RBEC in 10 years
• Set of College competencies now being articulated by
CHED.
• Competencies required for specific work.
OUR PROPOSAL
• Basically, Br. Armin Luistro, FSC has
encouraged CEAP and COCOPEA
schools to pilot K to 12 even without
legislation, based on global demand.
OUR PROPOSAL
CAREER ACADEMY
• Not just more high school
• Not just pre-college
• Sui generis – the last step in basic education
• Pupils in 17th and 18th years of life
• Atmosphere of challenge and respect
CAREER ACADEMY
• Choose careers with educational implication
• Some need two years (Pre-work stream)
• Some need two years plus college (Precollege stream)
• “Minus 2” or “Plus 2”
CAREER ACADEMY
• “It provides the professional and human
education necessary for the practice of chosen
careers either immediately after graduation or
after further tertiary education, depending on
the career chosen”
• Completion is attested to by a certificate or
diploma issued by or with permission of the
DepEd
CAREER ACADEMY
• Career Tracks
• Achievement tests advisory
• Tracks chosen by the pupils and their
parents
• Preparation for life
• Work
• Marriage life
• Atmosphere: Young adults
SCHOOLS WITH GRADES 11 AND 12
CURRICULUM DEVELOPED
• Ateneo de Naga University
• Career Academy for Entrepreneurship Program
• San Carlos University
AN EXAMPLE: CAREER ACADEMY FOR TRAVEL
AND TOURISM
• PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The Certificate of
Achievement in Travel and Tourism is a two-year
Career Academy program. This program will allow
students to exit with knowledge and job skills
necessary to qualify for immediate employment in a
travel agency, tour company, or airline customer
service position, or to continue on to fulfil their
bachelor's degree requirements.
AN EXAMPLE: CAREER ACADEMY FOR TRAVEL
AND TOURISM
•
•
•
•
Jesuit Core Courses – 12 units
General Education – 24 units
Career Specialization Courses – 24 units
Career Skills Development Courses – 10 units
• 70 total credit units
Credit Units
Course Code
Pay Units
Course Title
Lecture
Lab
Total
Hours/Week
Jesuit Core Courses
History of Salvation
3
0
3
3
Christology
3
0
3
3
Philosophy of the Human Person and Society
3
0
3
3
Christian Vocation: Marriage and Family Life
3
0
3
3
Sub-total
12
0
12
12
Computer Literacy and Office Productivity Tools
0
3
3
3
Basic Algebra
3
0
3
3
General Psychology
3
0
0
3
Citizenship Education
3
0
3
3
Fundamentals of Environmental Science (With
Eco-Tourism)
3
0
3
3
Philippine History
3
0
3
3
Business English 1
3
0
3
3
Business English 2
3
0
3
3
21
3
24
24
General Education
Sub-total
Credit Units
Course Code
Pay Units
Course Title
Lecture
Lab
Total
Hours/Week
Career Specialization Courses
Principles of Tourism (Introduction to Tourism)
3
0
3
3
Principles of Safety, Hygiene and Sanitation
3
0
3
3
Methodology of Guiding
6
0
6
6
Selling Destinations
3
0
3
3
Career and Customer Service Skills
3
0
3
3
Airline Reservations and Ticketing
3
0
3
3
Travel and Tour Operations
3
0
3
3
24
0
24
24
First Aid Course
2
2
4
4
Supervised Industry Exposure
0
6
6
9
2
8
10
13
59
11
70
73
Sub-total
Career Skills Development Courses
Sub-total
TOTAL
AN EXAMPLE: CAREER ACADEMY FOR TRAVEL
AND TOURISM
• Pre-College (36)
• General Education leading to College (24)
• Some Electives, career required
• Advanced Math
• Advanced Science
• Advanced English Literature
• Mission-determined courses (12)
• Marriage and Family Life
Curriculum Outline for Career Academy for Travel and Tourism
Course
Code
Credit Units
Pay Units
Course Title
Lecture
Second
Semester,
Grade
First Semester,
Grade
11 11
Christology
History of Salvation
Philippine History
Computer
Literacy
Business English
1 and Office
Productivity
Tools
Methodology
of Guiding
Basic
Algebra
Career
and Customer Service Skills
Sub-total
General Psychology
: effective to
Desired Competencies
Principles
of Tourism (Introduction
workplace communication (technical
Tourism)
writing, answering the phone etc);
Principles
of Safety,
Hygiene
and
develop and
maintain
the general
Sanitation
knowledge required by guides;
determine the job qualifications,Sub-total
: Perform
Desired
Competencies
attitudes,
work habits and
personal
computer
operations;
observe personal
qualities necessary
to function
and
workplace
hygiene
practices;and in
satisfactorily
with
other individuals
observe
health,
safety
and security
organization
in the
hospitality
industry;
practices;
develop
update
tourism
demonstrate
good and
customer
relations
industry
knowledge.
skills. Major
Output: Prepare and present
tour commentaries or activities.
3
3
3
06
33
18
3
Lab
Total
0
0
0
30
00
00
Hours/Week
3
3
3
36
33
318
3
3
3
3
3
6
3
18
3
3
0
3
3
0
3
3
3
15
0
3
3
18
3
18
WHAT TO GAIN FROM THE K TO 12?
• Facilitate an accelerated economic growth.
• Facilitate mutual recognition of Filipino graduates
and professionals in other countries.
• A better educated society provides a sound
foundation for long-term socio-economic
development.
• Several studies have shown that the improvements
in the quality of education will increase GDP growth
by as much as 2%. Studies in the UK, India and US
show that additional years of schooling also have
positive overall impact on society.
WHAT TO GAIN FROM CAREER
ACADEMIES?
• Courses in academic subjects include material
specifically related to the academy’s career theme,
which makes them more interesting.
• Student’s interest is further aroused by immediate
connections between the program and the real
world.
• Adults working in the field serve as mentors for
students, introducing them to settings in which they
might work and helping them plan their careers.
WHAT TO GAIN FROM CAREER
ACADEMIES?
• Career Academy approach is essentially flexible and
adaptable to local needs, capacities and
circumstances, rather than rigid and prescriptive,
demonstrating that the approach can work in a wide
variety of school and community settings.
• Career Academies would increase the likelihood of
students graduating on time. CA will also increase
vocational course-taking for these students without
reducing their likelihood of completing a basic core
academic curriculum.
CHALLENGE TO IMPLEMENT K TO 12 IN CEAP
SCHOOLS
• With existing colleges or high schools
• Stand alone
• Minus 2 would be attractive to many
• Work would allow them
• To help their families
• To earn their way through college
CHALLENGE TO IMPLEMENT K TO 12 IN CEAP
SCHOOLS
• Plus 2 ensures better college experience
• Better Tertiary-Level General Education
• Better Professional Training
• Will foster learning beyond the four walls of
the classroom. Not just theory but applied
knowledge.
• Develop K to 12 curriculum in Basic Education
DAGHANG SALAMAT!