INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO
PROGRAMMING &
INTERFACING
Engr. Franz Duran, MEP-ECE
RapidSignal Electronics
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OVERVIEW
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OVERVIEW
DAY 1 (Morning)
o Introduction to Microcontroller Technology
o Introduction to Arduino microcontroller board
o Introduction to RapiDuino Microcontroller
Learning Module
o Basic Arduino Programming and Interfacing
 Interfacing with LEDs, switches, & LCD
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OVERVIEW
DAY 1 (Afternoon)
o Interfacing with 4x4 keypad
o Interfacing with Analog Sensors
o Interfacing with Serial Communication
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OVERVIEW
DAY 2 (Morning)
o Introduction to P-BOT mobile robot trainer
o Maze mobot programming
o Line follower mobot programming
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OVERVIEW
DAY 2 (Afternoon)
o Line follower mobot race
o Android-controlled mobot
o DIY line follower mobot
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MICROCONTROLLER
BASICS
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What is a microcontroller?
MCU
A single-chip computer
Invented in the 1970’s
Used as “embedded” controller
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Where are MCUs used?
used as dedicated controllers in:
o Home and office appliances
o Consumer & Personal electronics
o Medical equipment
o Industrial equipment
o Automotive electronics
o Naval/Avionics/Aerospace
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Why use a microcontroller?
Low-cost
Flexible
Small outline
Low-power
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Why use a microcontroller?
Low-cost
o Typical price range: P50 to P1000
 Flexible
 Small outline
 Low-power
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Why use a microcontroller?
 Cheap
Flexible
o Re-programmable
o High-integration devices
 Small outline
 Low-power
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Why use a microcontroller?
 Cheap
 Flexible
Small outline
o small physical size = low PCB footprint
o tiny packages: DIP, SOP
 Low-power
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Why use a microcontroller?
 Cheap
 Flexible
 Small outline
Low-power
o Battery-operated application
o Use SLEEP/low-power operation
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ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
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What is an Arduino?
A microcontroller board +
programming IDE
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What is an Arduino?
A complete MCU board
o ATMEGA microcontroller
o USB circuit
o Power supply circuit
o Reset button
o Female header connectors
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What is an Arduino?
Easy-to-use Arduino Development
environment
o Program is called Sketch
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Arduino ECOSYSTEM
Arduino Board
o Simple, open-hardware design
Arduino Programming IDE
o C/C++-based, open-source
o Built-in functions
Arduino Community
o Design Arduino-compatible circuits (Shields)
o Software and hardware collaboration
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RAPIDUINO SWORD3
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RapiDuino Sword3
ARDUINO
BOARD
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RapiDuino Sword3
gizDuino
Arduino Uno
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RapiDuino Sword3
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2x16 Character
LCD
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RapiDuino Sword3
Button
Switches
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RapiDuino Sword3
4x4
Keypad
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RapiDuino Sword3
4x4
Keypad
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RapiDuino Sword3
7-segment
displays
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RapiDuino Sword3
Lightemitting
diodes
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RapiDuino Sword3
Real-time
clock w/
back-up
battery
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RapiDuino Sword3
Serial
EEPROM
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RapiDuino Sword3
buzzer
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RapiDuino Sword3
Serial
Communication
Circuit
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RapiDuino Sword3
Bluetooth
Transceiver
Module
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RapiDuino Sword3
Analog
voltage
sources
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RapiDuino Sword3
Temperature
sensor
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RapiDuino Sword3
lightdependent
resistor
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RapiDuino Sword3
Power
Supply
Circuit
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BASIC ARDUINO PROGRAMMING
& INTERFACING
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LED Interfacing
Build an LED circuit
Interface the LED circuit to the
Arduino
Create an Arduino program that will
turn on the LED
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What is an LED?
Light-emitting diode
o An electronic device that emit visible light
when activated.
o Typically used as electrical status indicators
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LED Interfacing
Circuit schematic
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LED Circuit
Circuit on breadboard
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LED Circuit on Rapiduino
Connect LED1 to Arduino Pin 7
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Arduino Environment
 Open the Arduino
programming
environment
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Writing the Sketch
void setup()
{
}
void loop()
{
}
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Writing the Sketch
void setup()
{
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
}
//Pin 7 is output pin.
//LED is on.
void loop()
{
}
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Writing the Sketch
void setup()
{
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
}
//Pin 7 is output pin.
//LED is on.
void loop()
{
}
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Writing the Sketch
Click the Verify button
Verify button
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Steps for Uploading the Program
1. Connect the USB cable
Note: Make sure USB-to-serial driver is installed first
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Steps for Uploading the Program
2. Power up the Rapiduino board
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Steps for Uploading the Program
3. Select the COM port number of the
Serial Port
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Steps for Uploading the Program
4. Select the Arduino Duemilanove w/
ATmega328 board
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Steps for Uploading the Program
5. Press down the Reset button
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Steps for Uploading the Program
6. While Reset button is pressed, click
the Upload button
Upload button
7. Release the Reset button
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Steps for Uploading the Program
Wait…
… until uploading is done.
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Steps for experimenting with the Rapiduino
1. Assemble the Arduino application
hardware
o Use ordinary solid wires
2. Write the sketch program
3. Upload program to Arduino
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Arduino Sketch
int LED1Pin = 7;
//PIN7 is 'renamed' as LED1
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED1Pin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(LED1Pin, HIGH);
}
void loop()
{
//nothing...
}
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Arduino Program
Called as Sketch
o A simplified combination of C/C++
programming language
Consist of:
o setup() function
o loop() function
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Arduino Program
The setup() function
o The setup() function is called when a sketch
program begins executing.
o It is used to initialize variables, configure pin
modes, begin using libraries, etc.
o The setup() function will only run once, after
each powerup or reset of the Arduino board.
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Arduino Program
The loop() function
o The loop() function repeatedly execute all
codes appearing within its body.
o Use it to actively control the Arduino board,
i.e. read input, process information, send
output
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Arduino Program
void setup()
{
//code1
//code2
}
start
code1
code2
code3
void loop()
{
//code3
//code4
//code5
}
code4
code5
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LED Interfacing
start
LED Blinker program
Configure
Output pin
LED is off
LED is on
Time delay
LED is off
Time delay
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Arduino Sketch: LED Blinker
int LED1Pin = 7;
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED1Pin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(LED1Pin, LOW);
}
//Pin 7 is output pin
//LED is initially low
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(LED1Pin, HIGH);
delay(500);
//Turn on LED.
//Time delay for 0.5 second.
digitalWrite(LED1Pin, LOW);
delay(250);
//Turn off LED.
//Time delay for 0.25 second.
}
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Button Switch Interfacing
 Button switch:
o a.k.a pushbutton
or button
o Used as simple input
devices
 Common example:
o Tact switches
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Button Switch Interfacing
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Button Switch Interfacing
Circuit on breadboard
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Button Switch Interfacing
 Program Description:
o If button is pressed,
turn on LED.
o Else, if button is not
pressed, turn off LED.
 Operation:
o Button is connected to
Pin 5.
o Pin 5 is configured as
input pin
o If button is pressed,
Pin 5 reads Logic 0;
else, if not pressed
reads as Logic 1
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Button Switch Interfacing
Assemble circuit on Rapiduino:
o LED1  Pin 7
o BUTTON1  Pin 5
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Arduino Sketch
void loop()
{
int ButtonStat;
int LED = 7;
int BUTTON = 5;
ButtonStat = digitalRead(BUTTON);
void setup()
{
pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT);
if(ButtonStat == LOW)
{
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
}
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
}
}
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2x16 Character LCD Interfacing
Output device for displaying
characters
2 rows, 16 characters
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2x16 Character LCD Interfacing
Pin number
Name
Description
1
GND
GND
2
+5V
+5V
3
VO
Contrast Voltage
4
RS
Register Select
5
RW
Read/Write
6
EN
Enable
7
D0
Data Bit 0
8
D1
Data Bit 1
9
D2
Data Bit 2
10
D3
Data Bit 3
11
D4
Data Bit 4
12
D5
Data Bit 5
13
D6
Data Bit 6
14
D7
Data Bit 7
15
LED_AN
16
LED_CA
POWER
Pins
CONTROL
Pins
1
16
DATA
Pins
BACKLIGHT
LED
pins
LED Backlight
cathode
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LED Backlight anode
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2x16 Character LCD Interfacing
Circuit on breadboard
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2x16 Character LCD Interfacing
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2x16 Character LCD Interfacing
Assemble circuit on Rapiduino:
o LCD_RS  Pin 12
o LCD_EN  Pin 11
o LCD_D4  Pin 14
o LCD_D5  Pin 15
o LCD_D6  Pin 16
o LCD_D7  Pin 17
o LCD_RW  Ground
(NOTE: Short J3 jumper)
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2x16 Character LCD Interfacing
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17);
//lcd pins
void setup()
{
lcd.begin(16, 2);
//set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
lcd.print("RapiDuino SWORD3");
//Print a text on first line
lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
lcd.print("with Bluetooth!");
//Move cursor to 2nd line
//Print a text on second line
}
void loop()
{
//Do nothing...
}
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END
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