Computer software
Software
 Software- Software are programs or instructions that a
computer must follow to do its task.
 The purpose of software is to process data into useful
information for people.
 Software today often has a graphical user interface.
 With a graphical user interface (GUI pronounced
gooey), you interact with the software using text,
graphics, and visual images such as icons.
 An icon is a miniature image that represents a
program, an instruction, or some other object.
Categories of software
 The two categories of software are system software and
application software.
System Software
 System software consists of the programs that control or
maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.
System software serves as the interface between the user,
the application software, and the computer’s hardware.
 Two types of system software are the operating system and
utility programs.
 Two types of system software are the operating system and
utility programs.
 Operating System
 An operating system is a set of programs that coordinates
all the activities among computer hardware devices. It
provides a means for users to communicate with the
computer and other software.
 Many of today’s computers use Microsoft’s Windows or
Mac OS, Apple’s operating system.
 Utility Program
 A utility program allows a user to perform maintenancetype tasks usually related to managing a computer, its
devices, or its programs. For example, you can use a utility
program to transfer digital photos to an optical disc.
 Most operating systems include several utility programs for
managing disk drives, printers, and other devices and media.
You also can buy utility programs that allow you to perform
additional computer management functions.
 Application Software
 Application software consists of programs designed to
make users more productive and/or assist them with
personal tasks. A widely used type of application software
related to communications is a Web browser, which allows
users with an Internet connection to access and view Web
pages or access programs.
Other popular application software includes word processing
software, spreadsheet software, database software, and
presentation software.
 Many other types of application software exist that enable
users to perform a variety of tasks. These include personal
information management, note taking, project management,
accounting, document management, computer-aided design,
desktop publishing, paint/image editing, audio and video
editing, multimedia authoring, Web page authoring, personal
finance, legal, tax preparation, home design/landscaping,
travel and mapping, education, reference, and entertainment
(e.g., games or simulations).
Installing and running programs
 Installing is the process of setting up software to work
with the computer, printer, and other hardware. When
you buy a computer, it usually has some software
preinstalled on its hard disk.
 To begin installing additional software from an optical
disc, insert the program disc in an optical disc drive. To
install downloaded software, the Web site typically
provides instructions for how to install the program on
your hard disk.
 To begin installing additional software from an optical disc,
insert the program disc in an optical disc drive. To install
downloaded software, the Web site typically provides
instructions for how to install the program on your hard
disk.
 Once installed, you can run the program. When you
instruct the computer to run an installed program,
the computer loads it, which means the program is
copied from storage to memory. Once in memory, the
computer can carry out, or execute, the instructions
in the program so that you can use the program.
Software development
 A programmer, sometimes called a developer, is
someone who develops software or writes the
instructions that direct the computer to process data
into information.
 Complex programs can require thousands to millions of
instructions.
 Programmers use a programming language or program
development tool to create computer programs.
Application Software
 Application software consists of programs designed to
make users more productive and/or assist them with
personal tasks.
 Application software has a variety of uses:
 1. To make business activities more efficient
 2. To assist with graphics and multimedia projects
 3. To support home, personal, and educational tasks
 4. To facilitate communications
Four categories of Application
Software
 1. Business
 2.Graphics and Multimedia
 3. Home/personal/Educational
 4. Communications
Business software
 Business software is application software that assists people
in becoming more effective and efficient while performing
their daily business activities.
 Business software includes programs such as word processing,
spreadsheet, database, presentation, note taking, personal
information manager, business software for phones, business
software suites, project management, accounting, document
management, and enterprise computing software.
Word processing
 Word processing software, sometimes called a word processor,
allows users to create and manipulate documents containing
mostly text and sometimes graphics.
 Millions of people use word processing software every day to
develop documents such as letters, memos, reports, mailing
labels, newsletters, and Web pages.
 A major advantage of using word processing software is that
users easily can change what they have written. Word
processing software also has many features to make
documents look professional and visually appealing. For
example, you can change the shape, size, and color of
characters; apply special effects such as three-dimensional
shadows.
Examples of word processing
 Microsoft Word
 Apple Pages
 Corel WordPerfect
Spreadsheet Software
 allows users to organize data in rows and columns and
perform calculations on the data. These rows and columns
collectively are called a worksheet .
 Most spreadsheet software has basic features to help
users create, edit, and format worksheets.
Examples of spreadsheet
 Microsoft Excel
 OpenOffice Calc
 AppleNumbers
Database Software
 A database is a collection of data organized in a manner that
allows access, retrieval, and use of that data. In a manual
database, you might record data on paper and store it in a
filing cabinet.
 With a computerized database, the computer stores the data
in an electronic format on a storage medium such as a hard
disk.
 Database software is application software that allows users
to create, access, and manage a database.
 Using database software, you can add, change, and delete
data in a database; sort and retrieve data from the
database; and create forms and reports using the data in
the database.
 With most personal computer database programs, a
database consists of a collection of tables, organized in
rows and columns. Each row, called a record, contains
data about a given person, product, object, or event.
Each column, called a field, contains a specific category
of data within a record.
 Example:
Corel Paradox
Microsoft Access
Sun MYSQL
Presentation Software
 is application software that allows users to create
visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas,
messages, and other information to a group. The
presentations can be viewed as slides, sometimes
called a slide show, that are displayed on a large
monitor or on a projection screen
 Presentation software typically provides a variety of
predefined presentation formats that define complementary
colors for backgrounds, text, and graphical accents on the
slides.
 This software also provides a variety of layouts for each
individual slide such as a title slide, a two-column slide, and a
slide with clip art, a chart, a table, or a diagram.
 In addition, you can enhance any text, charts, and graphical
images on a slide with 3-D, animation, and other special
effects such as shading, shadows, and textures.
 When building a presentation, users can set the slide timing
so that the presentation automatically displays the next
slide after a preset delay.
 Presentation software allows you to apply special effects to
the transition between slides. One slide, for example, might
fade away as the next slide appears.
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Example: Microsoft Powerpoint
Apple Keynote
Impress
Corel Presentations
Note Taking Software
Note taking software is application software that enables users
to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or
sketches anywhere on a page and then save the page as part of
a notebook.
Users also can include audio recordings as part of their notes.
Users find note taking software convenient during meetings,
class lectures conferences, in libraries, and other settings that
previously required a pencil and tablet of paper for recording
thoughts and discussions.
Example:
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Microsoft OneNote
Agilix GoBinder
Corel Grafigo
SnapFiles KeyNote
Project Management Software
-allows a user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the events,
resources, and costs of a project.
Project management software helps users manage project
variables, allowing them to complete a project on time and
within budget.
A customer service manager might use project management
software to schedule the process of administering customer
surveys, evaluating responses, and presenting
recommendations.
Examples:
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CS Odessa ConceptDraw PROJECT
Microsoft Project
Oracle Primavera SureTrak
Project Manager
Business Software for phones
 In addition to PIM software, a huge variety of business and
other software is available for phones.
 Some software is preloaded on the phone, while other
programs can be downloaded or accessed on memory cards.
 Business software for phones enables users to create
documents and worksheets, manage databases and lists,
create slide shows, take notes, manage budgets and finances,
view and edit photos, read electronic books, plan travel routes,
compose and read e-mail messages, send instant messages,
send text and picture messages, view maps and directions,
read the latest news articles, and browse the Web.
Examples
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CNetX Pocket SlideShow
DataViz Documents To Go
Microsoft Word Mobile
Excel Mobile
PowerPoint Mobile
Outlook Mobile
Accounting Software
 Accounting software helps companies record and report
their financial transactions.
 With accounting software, business users perform
accounting activities related to the general ledger,
accounts receivable, accounts payable, purchasing,
invoicing, and payroll functions. Accounting software also
enables business users to write and print checks, track
checking account activity, and update and reconcile
balances on demand.
 The cost of accounting software for small businesses ranges
from less than one hundred to several thousand dollars.
 Accounting software for large businesses can cost several
hundred thousand dollars.
 Example:
 Intuit QuickBooks
 Microsoft Accounting
 Sage Software Peachtree
Document Management Software
It provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching
through documents by converting them into a format that
can be viewed by any user.
 A popular file format that document management
 software uses to save converted documents is PDF
(Portable Document Format), developed by Adobe
Systems. To view and print a PDF file, you need Acrobat
Reader software ,which can be downloaded free from
Adobe’s Web site.
Examples
 Adobe Acrobat
 Enfocus PitStop
 Nuance PDF Converter
GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA
SOFTWARE
 Many people work with software designed specifically for
their field of work. Power users such as engineers, architects,
desktop publishers, and graphic artists often use
sophisticated software that allows them to work with
graphics and multimedia.
 This software includes computer-aided design, desktop
publishing, paint/image editing, photo editing, video and
audio editing, multimedia authoring, and Web page authoring.
Computer-Aided Design
 is a sophisticated type of application software that assists a
professional user in creating engineering, architectural, and
scientific designs. For example, engineers create design plans
for vehicles and security systems. Architects design building
structures and floor plans. Scientists design drawings of
molecular structures.
Examples of CAD
 Autodesk AutoCAD
 Chief Architect Chief Architect
 Microsoft Visio
Desktop Publishing Software
(for the Professional)
 Enables professional designers to create sophisticated
documents that contain text, graphics, and many colors .
 Professional DTP software is ideal for the production of highquality color documents such as textbooks, corporate
newsletters, marketing literature, product catalogs, and
annual reports.
 Designers and graphic artists can print finished publications
on a color printer, take them to a professional printer, or post
them on the Web in a format
Examples of desktop publishing
software
 Adobe InDesign
 Corel Ventura
 Quark QuarkXPress
Paint/Image Editing Software
(for the Professional)
 Paint software, also called illustration software, allows
users to draw pictures, shapes, and other graphical images
with various on-screen tools such as a pen, brush,
eyedropper, and paint bucket.
 Image editing software provides the capabilities of paint
software and also includes the capability to enhance and
modify existing pictures and images. Modifications can
include adjusting or enhancing image colors, adding special
effects
Examples Paint/Image Editing
software for professional
 Adobe Illustrator
 Corel Painter
 Microsoft Expression Design
Photo Editing (for the
Professional)
 Adobe Photoshop
 Arcadia PhotoPerfect Ultimate
 Nik Software Nik Professional Suite
 Professional photo editing software is a type of image
editing software that allows photographers, video
graphers, engineers, scientists, and other high-volume
digital photo users to edit and customize digital photos.
 With professional photo editing software, users can
retouch photos, crop images, remove red-eye, change
image shapes, colorcorrect images, straighten images,
remove or rearrange objects in a photo, and apply filters.
Video and Audio Editing Software
(for the Professional)
 Video editing software allows professionals to modify a
segment of a video, called a clip. For example, users can
reduce the length of a video clip, reorder a series of clips,
or add special effects such as words that move
horizontally across the screen.
 Audio editing software lets users modify audio clips,
produce studio quality soundtracks, and add audio to
video clips .
 Most television shows and movies are created or
enhanced using video and audio editing software.
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Adobe Audition, Premiere Pro, Soundbooth
Avid Technology Avid Media Composer
Cakewalk SONAR
Sony ACID Pro
Multimedia Authoring Software
 allows users to combine text, graphics, audio, video, and
animation in an interactive application.
 With this software, users control the placement of text and
images and the duration of sounds, video, and animation.
 Once created, multimedia presentations often take the form
of interactive computer- based presentations or Web-based
presentations designed to facilitate learning, demonstrate
product functionality, and elicit direct-user participation.
 Training centers, educational institutions, and
online magazine publishers all use multi media
authoring software to develop interactive
applications.
Examples
 Adobe Director
 Agilix GoCourse
 SumTotal Systems ToolBook Instructor
Web Page Authoring Software
 helps users of all skill levels create Web pages that include
graphical images, video, audio, animation, and special effects
with interactive content.
 In addition, many Web page authoring programs allow users
to organize, manage, and maintain Web sites.
 Application software, such as Word and Excel, often
includes Web page authoring features. This allows home
and small business users to create basic Web pages using
application software they already own. For more
sophisticated Web pages, users work with Web page
authoring software.
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Adobe Dreamweaver
Adobe Fireworks
Adobe Flash
Microsoft Expression Web
Microsoft SharePoint Designer
Software for Home, Personal and
Educational use
 Personal finance software is a simplified accounting program
that helps home users and small office/home office users
balance their checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income and
expenses track investments, and evaluate financial plans.
 Most personal finance software includes financial planning
features, such as analyzing home and personal loans, preparing
income taxes, and managing retirement savings. Other features
include managing home inventory and setting up budgets. Most
of these programs also offer a variety of online services, such as
online banking, which require access to the Internet.
 IGG Software iBank
 Intuit Quicken
LEGAL SOFTWARE
 Legal software assists in the preparation of legal
documents and provides legal information to individuals,
families, and small businesses .
 Legal software provides standard contracts and
documents associated with buying, selling, and renting
property; estate planning; marriage and divorce; and
preparing a will or living trust. By answering a series of
questions or completing a form, the legal software tailors
the legal document to specific needs.
Examples
 Cosmi Perfect Attorney
 Nolo Quicken Legal Business
 Quicken WillMaker
Tax preparation software
 Tax preparation software, which is available both as
packaged software and Web applications, can guide
individuals, families, or small businesses through the
process of filing federal taxes.
 These programs forecast tax liability and offer moneysaving tax tips, designed to lower your tax bill. After
you answer a series of questions and complete basic
forms, the software creates and analyzes your tax
forms to search for missed potential errors and
deduction opportunities.
 2nd Story Software TaxACT
 H&R Block TaxCut
 Intuit TurboTax
Desktop Publishing Software
(personal use)
 Personal DTP software helps home and small
business users create newsletters, brochures, flyer
advertisements, postcards, greeting cards,
letterhead, business cards, banners, calendars, logos,
and Web pages.
 Although many word processing programs include
DTP features, users often prefer to create DTP
documents using DTP software because of its
enhanced features.
examples
 Broderbund The Print Shop
 PrintMaster
 Microsoft Publisher
Photo Management Software
 photo management software, you can view, organize,
sort, catalog, print, and share digital photos. Some
photo editing software includes photo management
functionality.
examples
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Yahoo! Flickr
Google Picasa
Microsoft Windows Live Photo
Gallery
Reference and Educational Software
 Reference software provides valuable and thorough
information for all individuals.
 Popular reference software includes encyclopedias,
dictionaries, and health/medical guides.
 Educational software teaches a particular skill. Educational
software exists for just about any subject, from learning
how to type to learning how to cook to preparing for
college entrance exams. Educational software often
includes games and other content to make the learning
experience more fun.
 Fogware Publishing Merriam-Webster Collegiate
Dictionary & Thesaurus
 Microsoft MSN Encarta