The Innovations
of Engineering
Design
OBJECTIVES
• Explain the role of an engineer.
• Describe the parts of the engineering design process.
• Explain the roles of different types of engineers.
• Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic
real-world problem.
• Identify a real-world problem and brainstorm design solutions.
• Describe why models are important for testing design
solutions.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
SESSION 1
45 minutes
• Explain the role of an engineer.
• Describe the parts of the engineering design process.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
MATERIALS
AVAILABLE
TODAY YOU ARE
ENGINEERS!
For you:
•Journal
A food
manufacturer
needsresource
a ship to deliver their products
•1 “Ship
Design
Challenge” student
overseas. Design
To save
money
on fuel,
the manufacturer
is
•1 “Engineering
Process”
student
resource
page
looking for the ship design that will safely transport the
For your
mostgroup:
crates of food per trip. To be considered safe, your
•1 twelve square inch pieces of aluminum foil
ship must float for three minutes while loaded with the
•5-10 plastic straws
crates
•Scotch
tapeof food.
•Scissors
Your
job test
is tostations
design
and construct a ship that can
For the
class,
with:
•5 plastic
tanks
half-filled
with food.
water
safely
carry
the most
•250 pennies
•5 stopwatches
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
REDESIGN
ASK
Determine what can
be done to improve
the solution
What is the problem?
CREATE
What are the criteria
and the constraints?
ENGINEERING
DESIGN
PROCESS
IMAGINE
Brainstorm design solutions, consider
the benefits and trade-offs of each to
determine the best one
Implement the plan and test
the solution
PLAN
Draw a diagram,
develop the steps,
gather the materials
Repeat steps as needed to
improve the design solution.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
ASK
What was the
problem your team
was asked to solve?
Were there any
constraints?
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
IMAGINE
How many design
solutions did your
team think of?
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
PLAN
How did your team
collaborate?
Did you discuss
the benefits and
trade-offs of each of
your design solution ideas
before you started planning?
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
CREATE
How did you use
the materials to
construct and test
your design
solutions?
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
REDESIGN
Did your team make
any changes to any
of the design
solutions that you
constructed
and tested? If so, why?
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
Engineers apply scientific and
mathematical knowledge to
solve problems.
TRUE
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
There is only one design solution for a problem.
FALSE
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
Engineers usually come up with the best solution
on the first try.
FALSE
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
Testing solutions is an important part of the
engineering design process.
TRUE
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
SESSION 2
45 minutes
• Describe the steps in the engineering design process.
• Apply the engineering design process to solve an
authentic real-world problem.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
Sketch YOU ARE
Number
of
Number of
TODAY
ENGINEERS!
Food Crates
Notes
Minutes Afloat
A food manufacturer needs a ship to deliver their
products overseas. To save money on fuel, the
manufacturer is looking for the ship design that will
safely transport the most crates of food per trip. To
be considered safe, your ship must float for three
minutes while loaded with the crates of food.
Your job is to design and construct a ship
that can safely carry the most food.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
Describe your role as an
engineer during this design
challenge. Be sure to relate
your actions to the
engineering design process.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
SESSION 3
45 minutes
• Explain the roles of different types of engineers.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
TYPES OF ENGINEERS
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT THE ROLE OF
AN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER
Industrial engineers find ways to eliminate wastefulness in
production processes. They devise efficient ways to use workers,
machines, materials, information, and energy to make a product
or provide a service.
Depending on their tasks, industrial engineers work both in offices
and in the settings they are trying to improve. For example, when
observing problems, they may watch workers assembling parts in a
factory or staff carrying out their tasks in a hospital. When solving
problems, they may be in an office at a computer looking at data
that they or others have collected.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER: CASE OF THE
CHOBANI CUP
You will now read a case study that
shows how engineers in the real world
develop innovations to solve everyday problems.
Work with your partner to read the case study. When you
are finished reading, summarize what you learned about
how the engineering design process was used to develop
the Chobani yogurt cup.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
NAME THAT ENGINEER
Worked with a company to ensure that
their products and services were available
to customers on time.
Industrial Engineer
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
NAME THAT ENGINEER
Worked to expand a train line 16 kilometers.
The expansion included stations, tunnels and
bridges.
Civil/Structural Engineer
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
NAME THAT ENGINEER
Designed simulation software for health
care workers to test their to help them
more efficiently and effectively meet
patient’s needs.
Software Engineer
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
NAME THAT ENGINEER
Evaluated running shoe designs by taking
them apart to determine which one would
best meet the needs of the average runner.
Reverse Engineer
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
NAME THAT ENGINEER
Developed a simulation model for a major
defense contractor to test the operation of
vehicles under different scenarios.
Aerospace/Defense Engineer
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
NAME THAT ENGINEER
Helped a major automotive company have
more efficient bar coding system and more
efficient production.
Industrial Engineer
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
NAME THAT ENGINEER
Worked with a truck manufacturer to design an
efficient motor.
Mechanical Engineer
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
SESSION 4
45 minutes
• Explain the role of an engineer.
• Describe the parts of the engineering design process.
• Identify a real-world problem and brainstorm design
solutions.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
EVERYDAY
ENGINEERING
GUESS THAT
OBJECT!
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
EVERYDAY
ENGINEERING
REDESIGN
ASK
Determine what can
be done to improve
the solution
What is the problem?
What are the criteria
and the constraints?
IMAGINE
CREATE
Brainstorm design solutions, consider
the benefits and trade-offs of each to
determine the best one
Implement the plan and test
the solution
PLAN
Draw a diagram,
develop the steps,
gather the materials
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
NAME THAT DESIGN SOLUTION
DESIGNED BY A GRANDFATHER
AFTER WATCHING HIS
GRANDAUGHTER HAVE TROUBLE
FLEX-STRAW
DRINKING A MILKSHAKE
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
EVERYDAY ENGINEERING
COMPARING SOLUTIONS
Sippy
vs
Reflo
.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
EXTENSION
Take two weeks to observe the world around you.
Identify a real-world problem that you would like
to solve. Brainstorm possible design solutions. Use
diagrams and words to record your ideas in your journal.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
SESSION 5
45 minutes
• Apply the engineering design process to solve an
authentic real-world problem.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
HEAT TRANSFER
Heat is a type of energy. It is measured by
temperature. All substances contain heat, even a
cold treat. If there is a difference in temperature in a system, heat
flows from the substance with the higher temperature to the
substance with the lower temperature. Insulation is used to slow
unwanted temperature changes. It can be used protect against
heat or to prevent heat loss.
Mechanical
Packaging
engineers
engineers
make
sure
containers
that
working
and
systems
engines
Temperature
regulation
is
an
important
part
of
engineering.
Civil
engineers
specifydesign
the
most
suitable
insulating
applies
an
understanding
of the
Electrical
and
computer
engineers
design
electronics
do
to
be
notable
overheat.
todo
ship
items
atwhere
specific
materials
for
the
climates
structures
principles
of
heat
transfer,
whichtheir
istemperatures.
relevant
in almost all
so
that
they
not
overheat.
reside.
engineering disciplines.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
TIME TO INVESTIGATE
Are some materials better insulators than
others? After you investigate generate a list of
insulators and a list of conductors.
Insulators
Conductors
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
SESSION 6
1 ½ hours
• Apply the engineering design process to solve an
authentic real-world problem.
• Describe why models are important for testing design
solutions.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
THE PROBLEM
Each day, Maya packs a cold cup of her favorite
yogurt to eat with her school lunch. By lunchtime,
her yogurt is no longer cold. Maya wants a snack
pack that will keep her yogurt as cold as possible. If
she can keep it cold, she knows it will be safe to eat
and taste great.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
SNACK PACK DESIGN
CHALLENGE
REFLECTION
MATERIALS
• Foil
• Plastic wrap
For each group:
Bubble wrap would you
After
building
andpack)
testing your• prototype,
• A shoebox
(snack
• Tape
change
your
• A plastic
bag design solution idea for insulating Maya’s
• Foam board
•snack
Threepack?
ice cubes
(frozen
treat)not?• Tongue depressors
Why
or why
• Newspaper/Paper
• Packing peanuts
• Film canisters
• Cotton balls
• Straw
Part III
Your
jobyour
is tobest
generate
possible
solutions,
the materials
Identify
design
solutiondesign
idea and
build ausing
prototype.
Your
available,
to create a
Maya
a well-insulated
snackthe
pack.
Hint:
Compare
goal is to construct
snack
pack that will keep
frozen
treat
solidmaterials
for at least
twentyto
minutes.
the
available
those that you identified as insulators and
conductors.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
SESSION 7
45 minutes
• Apply the engineering design process to solve an
authentic real-world problem.
• Describe why models are important for testing design
solutions.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
IMROVING YOUR DESIGN
Each day, Maya packs a cold cup of her favorite
yogurt to eat with her school lunch. By lunchtime,
her yogurt is no longer cold. Maya wants a snack
pack that will keep her yogurt as cold as possible. If
she can keep it cold she knows it will be safe to eat
and taste great.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
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Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.
REDESIGN
ASK
Determine what can
be done to improve
the solution
What is the problem?
CREATE
What are the criteria
and the constraints?
ENGINEERING
DESIGN
PROCESS
IMAGINE
Brainstorm design solutions, consider
the benefits and trade-offs of each to
determine the best one
Implement the plan and test
the solution
PLAN
Draw a diagram,
develop the steps,
gather the materials
Repeat steps as needed to
improve your design solution.
Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.