The Innovations of Engineering Design OBJECTIVES • Explain the role of an engineer. • Describe the parts of the engineering design process. • Explain the roles of different types of engineers. • Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem. • Identify a real-world problem and brainstorm design solutions. • Describe why models are important for testing design solutions. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SESSION 1 45 minutes • Explain the role of an engineer. • Describe the parts of the engineering design process. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. MATERIALS AVAILABLE TODAY YOU ARE ENGINEERS! For you: •Journal A food manufacturer needsresource a ship to deliver their products •1 “Ship Design Challenge” student overseas. Design To save money on fuel, the manufacturer is •1 “Engineering Process” student resource page looking for the ship design that will safely transport the For your mostgroup: crates of food per trip. To be considered safe, your •1 twelve square inch pieces of aluminum foil ship must float for three minutes while loaded with the •5-10 plastic straws crates •Scotch tapeof food. •Scissors Your job test is tostations design and construct a ship that can For the class, with: •5 plastic tanks half-filled with food. water safely carry the most •250 pennies •5 stopwatches Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. REDESIGN ASK Determine what can be done to improve the solution What is the problem? CREATE What are the criteria and the constraints? ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS IMAGINE Brainstorm design solutions, consider the benefits and trade-offs of each to determine the best one Implement the plan and test the solution PLAN Draw a diagram, develop the steps, gather the materials Repeat steps as needed to improve the design solution. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. ASK What was the problem your team was asked to solve? Were there any constraints? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. IMAGINE How many design solutions did your team think of? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. PLAN How did your team collaborate? Did you discuss the benefits and trade-offs of each of your design solution ideas before you started planning? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. CREATE How did you use the materials to construct and test your design solutions? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. REDESIGN Did your team make any changes to any of the design solutions that you constructed and tested? If so, why? Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Engineers apply scientific and mathematical knowledge to solve problems. TRUE Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING There is only one design solution for a problem. FALSE Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Engineers usually come up with the best solution on the first try. FALSE Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Testing solutions is an important part of the engineering design process. TRUE Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SESSION 2 45 minutes • Describe the steps in the engineering design process. • Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. Sketch YOU ARE Number of Number of TODAY ENGINEERS! Food Crates Notes Minutes Afloat A food manufacturer needs a ship to deliver their products overseas. To save money on fuel, the manufacturer is looking for the ship design that will safely transport the most crates of food per trip. To be considered safe, your ship must float for three minutes while loaded with the crates of food. Your job is to design and construct a ship that can safely carry the most food. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Describe your role as an engineer during this design challenge. Be sure to relate your actions to the engineering design process. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SESSION 3 45 minutes • Explain the roles of different types of engineers. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. TYPES OF ENGINEERS Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT THE ROLE OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER Industrial engineers find ways to eliminate wastefulness in production processes. They devise efficient ways to use workers, machines, materials, information, and energy to make a product or provide a service. Depending on their tasks, industrial engineers work both in offices and in the settings they are trying to improve. For example, when observing problems, they may watch workers assembling parts in a factory or staff carrying out their tasks in a hospital. When solving problems, they may be in an office at a computer looking at data that they or others have collected. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER: CASE OF THE CHOBANI CUP You will now read a case study that shows how engineers in the real world develop innovations to solve everyday problems. Work with your partner to read the case study. When you are finished reading, summarize what you learned about how the engineering design process was used to develop the Chobani yogurt cup. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. NAME THAT ENGINEER Worked with a company to ensure that their products and services were available to customers on time. Industrial Engineer Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. NAME THAT ENGINEER Worked to expand a train line 16 kilometers. The expansion included stations, tunnels and bridges. Civil/Structural Engineer Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. NAME THAT ENGINEER Designed simulation software for health care workers to test their to help them more efficiently and effectively meet patient’s needs. Software Engineer Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. NAME THAT ENGINEER Evaluated running shoe designs by taking them apart to determine which one would best meet the needs of the average runner. Reverse Engineer Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. NAME THAT ENGINEER Developed a simulation model for a major defense contractor to test the operation of vehicles under different scenarios. Aerospace/Defense Engineer Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. NAME THAT ENGINEER Helped a major automotive company have more efficient bar coding system and more efficient production. Industrial Engineer Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. NAME THAT ENGINEER Worked with a truck manufacturer to design an efficient motor. Mechanical Engineer Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SESSION 4 45 minutes • Explain the role of an engineer. • Describe the parts of the engineering design process. • Identify a real-world problem and brainstorm design solutions. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. EVERYDAY ENGINEERING GUESS THAT OBJECT! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. EVERYDAY ENGINEERING REDESIGN ASK Determine what can be done to improve the solution What is the problem? What are the criteria and the constraints? IMAGINE CREATE Brainstorm design solutions, consider the benefits and trade-offs of each to determine the best one Implement the plan and test the solution PLAN Draw a diagram, develop the steps, gather the materials Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. NAME THAT DESIGN SOLUTION DESIGNED BY A GRANDFATHER AFTER WATCHING HIS GRANDAUGHTER HAVE TROUBLE FLEX-STRAW DRINKING A MILKSHAKE Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. EVERYDAY ENGINEERING COMPARING SOLUTIONS Sippy vs Reflo . Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. EXTENSION Take two weeks to observe the world around you. Identify a real-world problem that you would like to solve. Brainstorm possible design solutions. Use diagrams and words to record your ideas in your journal. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SESSION 5 45 minutes • Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. HEAT TRANSFER Heat is a type of energy. It is measured by temperature. All substances contain heat, even a cold treat. If there is a difference in temperature in a system, heat flows from the substance with the higher temperature to the substance with the lower temperature. Insulation is used to slow unwanted temperature changes. It can be used protect against heat or to prevent heat loss. Mechanical Packaging engineers engineers make sure containers that working and systems engines Temperature regulation is an important part of engineering. Civil engineers specifydesign the most suitable insulating applies an understanding of the Electrical and computer engineers design electronics do to be notable overheat. todo ship items atwhere specific materials for the climates structures principles of heat transfer, whichtheir istemperatures. relevant in almost all so that they not overheat. reside. engineering disciplines. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. TIME TO INVESTIGATE Are some materials better insulators than others? After you investigate generate a list of insulators and a list of conductors. Insulators Conductors Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SESSION 6 1 ½ hours • Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem. • Describe why models are important for testing design solutions. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. THE PROBLEM Each day, Maya packs a cold cup of her favorite yogurt to eat with her school lunch. By lunchtime, her yogurt is no longer cold. Maya wants a snack pack that will keep her yogurt as cold as possible. If she can keep it cold, she knows it will be safe to eat and taste great. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SNACK PACK DESIGN CHALLENGE REFLECTION MATERIALS • Foil • Plastic wrap For each group: Bubble wrap would you After building andpack) testing your• prototype, • A shoebox (snack • Tape change your • A plastic bag design solution idea for insulating Maya’s • Foam board •snack Threepack? ice cubes (frozen treat)not?• Tongue depressors Why or why • Newspaper/Paper • Packing peanuts • Film canisters • Cotton balls • Straw Part III Your jobyour is tobest generate possible solutions, the materials Identify design solutiondesign idea and build ausing prototype. Your available, to create a Maya a well-insulated snackthe pack. Hint: Compare goal is to construct snack pack that will keep frozen treat solidmaterials for at least twentyto minutes. the available those that you identified as insulators and conductors. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. SESSION 7 45 minutes • Apply the engineering design process to solve an authentic real-world problem. • Describe why models are important for testing design solutions. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. IMROVING YOUR DESIGN Each day, Maya packs a cold cup of her favorite yogurt to eat with her school lunch. By lunchtime, her yogurt is no longer cold. Maya wants a snack pack that will keep her yogurt as cold as possible. If she can keep it cold she knows it will be safe to eat and taste great. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. 01 43 00 59 57 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 45 47 50 51 52 53 54 56 58 44 55 48 49 46 17 00 Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. 01 43 00 59 57 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 45 47 50 51 52 53 54 56 58 44 55 48 49 46 17 00 Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC. REDESIGN ASK Determine what can be done to improve the solution What is the problem? CREATE What are the criteria and the constraints? ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS IMAGINE Brainstorm design solutions, consider the benefits and trade-offs of each to determine the best one Implement the plan and test the solution PLAN Draw a diagram, develop the steps, gather the materials Repeat steps as needed to improve your design solution. Copyright © 2014 Discovery Education. All rights reserved. Discovery Education Inc. is a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, LLC.