BY
STANLEY C. O. & KIENKA K. C.
Evolution of I.T in companies
 Information Technology has been so significant that
no company can survive in this modern day without it.
I.T created a room for companies to validate, catch,
simulate and manipulate data to any meaningful
information in a very short time. I.T started taking
more grounds in the early 90’s when schools and
business facilities like banks etc. The early form of I.T
was used by only military during wars and scientist
created it based on some military specifications
needed to encrypt data, calculate geographical
mappings and defense and attacking features.
 Since after the World war most technology developed
during the world war has been used in different
nations to improve the non-military sectors and the
focus turned to a business orientation perspective.
Eg.(machines used during the war which was later
used after the war for the people)
I.T in our modern day
 Information Technology has grown so badly that every
company in our recent days has a Department which is
referred to as “I.T department”. As far as computers
survive information Technology becomes more and
more vital. These are some Areas which I.T has shown
its importance.
 Information Technology has shown herself in diverse







fields of interest making it a big motivation and
influence to modern day technology .schools, banks
and many core areas are making more researches and
education to enhance their staff or student to meet up
with technology and speed up I.T development in
their various fields .nowadays we are faced with
E-learning
E-Commerce
E-mails
E-banking
E-Verification
E-meetings (Conferencing and chartrooms)
E-Survey
 Internet has been a working tool of Information
Technology which defines the Ideology of
Multitasking and being in two places at the same time
making business procedures to speed up rapidly. Many
other tools like the evolution of hardware and software
to influence the external procedures .for example the
amount computers or versions of software that are
available to satisfy general and special needs of various
organizations.
I.T , Developers, Operator and
Clients
 Information Technology has created Diverse Job
opportunities where by giving chance to various
companies to create computers hardware and software
or even creations of peripherals .
 Developers: Developers of are constantly of different
types which we have example are the web developers,
Hardware Developers and software Developers which
were referred to as the Scientist in those days of the
cold war eg IBM, Microsoft, Bell, W3 consortium.
 Operators : Operators in I.T world are those people
who spend quality time learning what the Developers
have created or invented , the operators are the
Validators or senior users of this systems and learn the
various flexibilities of this System created. Sometimes
these operators could be end users or clients
 Clients: Are also referred to as End-Users, these are





individuals who are the focus when a system is created.
They are the Primary Users. In the past years
Companies have spent so much trying to educate
people or clients on how to blend with the Spices of
information technology. With technology at a very fast
pace nowadays not everybody could chase the various
subdivisions’ of I.T. Which are mentioned below?
System Analysis and Design
Different Programming Techniques
Database structures and administration
Analysis of All Forms of Algorithms
Networking Technologies
Positive and Negative Impact of I.T in Recent Days
 Information Technology has some really positive
dimensions and also Negative dimensions which will
be addressed below.
Positive Impact
 Storing and Protecting Information
 Information technology creates electronic storage systems
to protect your company's valuable records. According to
the Graziadio Business Report, published by Pepperdine
University, secure maintenance of customer and patient
files is vital to business integrity. Storage systems, such as
virtual vaults, keep information safe by only allowing
certain users within your company to access, withdraw, add
or change the documents. According to an article in
Science Daily, IT security engineering systems protect your
electronic information from being hacked, or wiped out
during a technological disaster. Electronic security
engineering means your valuable records will remain
untouchable.
 Automated Processes
 In business, people look for ways to do more work in a
shorter amount of time. A November 2000 newsletter
published by the Federal Reserve Bank of San
Francisco explains that information technology
improves your company's efficiency by developing
automated processes to take burden off your staff. In
turn, your employees are free to work on other things
while the computer runs their reports, creates queries,
tracks projects and monitors financials.
 Work Remotely
 IT systems give you remote access to your company’s
electronic network, so that you can work from home or
on the road. This accessibility allows you to increase
your productivity because you can still get work done,
even when you aren’t physically in the office.
 Communication
 Communication is essential to the business world, and
information technology gives your company the
resources it needs to communicate quickly and
effectively. Your IT department can hook your
employees up with email, video conferencing
equipment and internal chat rooms, so that they
always have an efficient way to conduct business and
communicate.

Other
Advantages of Information Technology:
The advantages of information technology are many. True globalization
has come about only via this automated system. The creation of one
interdependent system helps us to share information and end linguistic
barriers across the continents. The collapse of geographic boundaries
has made the world a 'global village'. The technology has not only
made communication cheaper, but also possible much quicker and
24x7. The wonders of text messages, email and auto-response, backed
by computer security applications, have opened up scope for direct
communication.
Computerized, internet business processes have made many
businesses turn to the Internet for increased productivity, greater
profitability, clutter free working conditions and global clientèle. It is
mainly due to the IT industry that people from diverse cultures are able
to personally communicate and exchange valuable ideas. This has
greatly reduced prejudice and increased sensitivity. Businesses are able
to operate 24x7, even from remote locations.
 Information technology has rippled on in the form of a
Communication Revolution. Specialists in this field
like programmers, analyzers and developers are able to
further the applications and improve business
processes simultaneously. The management
infrastructure thus generated defies all boundaries.
Among the many advantages of the industry are
technical support post-implementation, network and
individual desktop management, dedicated business
applications and strategic planning for enhanced
profitability and effective project management.
 IT provides a number of low-cost business options to tap
higher productivity with dedicated small business CRM
and a special category for the larger operations. Regular
upgrades have enabled many businessmen to increase
productivity and identify a market niche that would never
have been possible without the connectivity. With every
subsequent increase in the ROI or Return On Investment,
businesses are able to remain buoyant even amidst the
economic recession. Not only do people connect faster with
the help of information technology, but they are also able
to identify like-minded individuals and extend help, while
strengthening ties.
Negative Impacts
 Implementation Expenses
 Every business must consider startup costs when implementing
any type of information technology system. In addition to the
cost of hardware and software, some technology vendors require
businesses to purchase user licenses for each employee that will
be operating the system. Businesses must examine the cost of
training employees in unfamiliar technology. Although basic
information technology systems may be user friendly, advanced
programs still require formal instruction by an expert consultant.
In addition to the startup expenses, information technology
systems are expensive to maintain. Systems malfunction, and
when they do, businesses must engage skilled technicians to
troubleshoot and make the necessary repairs. These expenses
present a major disadvantage of information technology in
business, particularly to businesses that are entering the
technology era for the first time.
 Job Elimination
 Implementing information technology into business
operations can save a great deal of time during the
completion of daily tasks. Paperwork is processed
immediately, and financial transactions are automatically
calculated. Although businesses may view this expediency
as a boon, there are untoward effects to such levels of
automation. As technology improves, tasks that were
formerly performed by human employees are now carried
out by computer systems. For example, automated
telephone answering systems have replaced live
receptionists in many organizations. This leads to the
elimination of jobs and, in some cases, alienation of clients.
Unemployed specialists and once-loyal employees may
have difficulty securing future employment.
 Security Breaches
 The ability to store information in an electronic
database facilitates quicker, more efficient
communication. In the past, an individual would sift
through stacks of paper records to retrieve data. With
properly implemented technology, information can be
recovered at the touch of a button. Although
information technology systems allow business to be
conducted at a faster pace, they are not without their
flaws. Information technology systems are vulnerable
to security breaches, particularly when they are
accessible via the Internet. If appropriate measures are
not in place, unauthorized individuals may access
confidential data. Information may be altered,
permanently destroyed or used for unsavory purposes.

Unemployment - While information
technology may have streamlined the
business process, it has also crated job
redundancies, downsizing and
outsourcing. This means that a lot of
lower and middle level jobs have been
done away with, causing more people to
become unemployed.
Privacy - Though information
technology may have made
communication quicker, easier and
more convenient, it has also brought
along privacy issues. From cell phone
signal interceptions to e-mail hacking,
people are now worried about their once
private information becoming public
knowledge.
Some
disadvantages
of
information
technology
include:
 Lack of job security - Industry experts believe that the
internet has made job security a big issue, since technology
keeps on changing with each day. This means that one has
to be in a constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for
their job to be secure.
Dominant culture - While information technology may
have made the world a global village, it has also contributed
to one culture dominating another weaker one. For
example, it is now argued that US influences how most
young teenagers all over the world now act, dress and
behave. Languages too have become overshadowed, with
English becoming the primary mode of communication for
business and everything else.
Speculations of I.T in few Decades to come
 Future technology information technology would
stand for all of continuously evolving and converging
information technologies, including digital
convergence, multimedia convergence, intelligent
applications, embedded systems, mobile and wireless
communications, bio-inspired computing, grid and
cloud computing, semantic web, user experience and
HCI, security and trust computing and so on, for
satisfying our ever-changing needs.
 Our conference is intended to foster the dissemination
of state-of-the-art research in all future IT areas,
including their models, services, and novel
applications associated with their utilization.
 In past twenty five years or so, Information Technology
(IT) influenced and changed every aspect of our lives
and our cultures. Without various IT-based
applications, we would find it difficult to keep
information stored securely, to process information
efficiently, and to communicate information
conveniently. In the future world, IT will play a very
important role in convergence of computing,
communication, and all other computational sciences
and application and IT also will influence the future
world's various areas, including science, engineering,
industry, business, law, politics, culture, medicine, and
so on.
Organization and I.T relationship











Pharmaceutical and Medical area
Construction and Manufacturing Industries
Sales and Advertising agencies
Banking and Finance sectors
Agricultural and raw materials
Telecommunication
Governmental and Non-governmental sectors
Education
Architecture
Tourism
Human Security and Safety
 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING