Helps with major business decisions, assists with the creative process, promotes an artist's career, assembles & heads the artist's professional team, etc.
Promoter
Agent
Union Representative
Manager

The person involved almost exclusively in booking live personal appearances
Agent
Promoter
Producer
A&R

A&R, Sales, Marketing, Promotion,
Product Management, New Media,
Finance, Business Affairs/Legal
Union
Record Company
Record Studio
Venue

Networks that move records from manufacturing plants into the stores
Manufacturing
Distribution
Retail
Record Company

Record companies and recording artists, as well as the writers and publishers, all make money based on the sale of recordings, as well as through later playing and reuse of their work.
Earnings
Fees
Salary
Royalties

Bringing the creative product into a tangible form
(i.e. CD) by maximizing the creative process and taking care of all necessary administration (booking studio time, staying on budget, etc.).
Producer
Promoter
Agent
Manager

A form of property ownership for certain types of artistic & creative works.
Fees
Royalties
Copyright
Publishing

Encourage new material, produce demo recordings and printed music (scores), manage all associated copyright and royalty licensing/PRS requirements.
Promoter
Publisher
Agent
Union Representative

Grants permissions to work with, study, improve upon, reinterpret, re-record copyright material (e.g. recording someone else’s song). Example: NOW! CD
PPL
PRS
MCPS

A musician who contributes to a recording or a live performance but is not actually a full time member of the band.
Session Musician
Orchestra Musician
Full-time Musician
Band Musician

Agencies that collect royalties on behalf of songwriters when a song they have written is performed
MCPS
PPL
PRS

Who prepares & transfers audio from one raw format to a desired mater format and refines the sound quality
Producer
Recording Engineer
Sound Engineer
Mastering Engineer

Link the definition to the correct answer
Organisation founded & funded by organisations that serves as their ‘voice’ (Union) Broadcasting & film
Organised group of workers to pursue policies that are favourable for the workers Musicians’ Union
MU
Equity
BECTU
Trade Body (Association)
Union
(Union) Actors, dancers, backstage, choreographers, directors

Trade body for those involved in the PRODUCTION of recorded music (producers, engineers)
Trade body for those involved in the AUDIO industry (audio engineer, recording studio)
Trade body for those who supply
LIGHTING and SOUND technologies
They lobby (put pressure) the government for policies that will protect their industry
Will represent a performer in case of a dispute over a contract or unfair dismissal
Union
PLASA
MPG
APRS
Trade Body

What are the two major sources of income for a music publisher?

Which department of the record label works to get an artist's song played on radio?

A company with major networks that move physical records from manufacturing plants into the store

Who collects royalties for the writer/composer?

What is the main advantage to signing a record deal with a major label?

Which department of the record label handles advertising, publicity, and albumcover artwork?

Who collects royalties for the recording artist?

Who pays for the PPL and PRS for Music?

Describe Independent Recording Companies

Oversee the recording of an artist Instrumental support
Choose the music & organise rehearsals
Choose suitable microphones
Carry/ transport equipment to event
Fix broken string
Sound Engineer
Producer
Musical Director
Roadie

Organise tour dates & shows
Check Health & Safety
Schedule times in studio
Publicise a concert
Gather prices for advertisements
Marketing
Studio Management
Artistic Management
Venue Management
Promoter

Scouting for new talent
Complete the audio mastering
Create sequencer & apps
Sells CDs
Self-employed musician
Freelance
Software Engineer
A&R
Mastering Engineer
Retail

BAD EXAMPLE : Explain why it is important that Health & Safety check a venue
Don’t use words such as ‘everything’ or
‘things’ and explain what you mean
(‘because’…) by giving examples
(‘by’…)

GOOD EXAMPLE: Explain why it is important that Health & Safety check a venue
BY (how) ensuring that electrical equipment is safe; that there is clean water available and toilets are hygienic; that obstacles are will let and taped; there is crowd control; security at gates.
This is
BECAUSE (why) H&S protects the health, safety and welfare of the general public, the employees of the venue and the performers. They operate alongside civil law, which means that if not done properly the venue management could be sued.

• IMPLICATION: ‘The conclusion that can be drawn from something’
• You must DRAW CONCLUSIONS from the statement/question that is given.
• = What would happen if? : ‘Discuss the implications of Vocalise buying into a tour.’ = ‘What would happen if Vocalise bought into a tour.’

• DEFINE: Vocalise is a local choir. Buying into a tour is when a musician or band pays a fee in exchange for being the opening act on a tour
• PROS:
- buying an audience & greater exposure for Vocalise
- the tour is organised already: no need to contact venues managers or promoters.
- quicker way to access larger venues for Vocalise
• CONS:
- will be very expensive and Vocalise could make a loss
- the audience is not targeted specifically for Vocalise, and therefore the tour may not be successful
- without prior experience the singers may not be ready for such a large venue.
• CONCLUSION:
Whilst buying into a tour seems like an easy option for Vocalise to gain exposure, the cost could be prohibitive and it may not benefit the choir as the tour will not be catered to their music. Therefore, it would be better for Vocalise not to buy into a tour, and instead gain experience by performing in local venues, gradually working their way up the music industry.

Do the same as implications:

• Keep an eye on the time
• Answer the question: Make sure you read and re-read the question thoroughly and keep to the question
• You could do the easiest questions first and don’t get stuck: move on and come back later
• Look at the marking scheme: if there are 4 marks, then there are probably 4 key points
• Take a bottle of water: it helps refresh the brain & settle nerves
• Use common sense: imagine you are in the scenario – what would you do?
• BE SPECIFIC & DETAILED: HOW (‘by’…) & WHY (‘because’…)