Implementation of school
infrastructure
By Satish Girotra
RTE requirement for infrastructure:- News Paper
Reports after 31st March 2013.
RTE infrastructure: All – weather building consisting ofi) At least one class-room for every teacher
ii) An office-cum-store-cum-HM room
iii) Barrier free access
iv) Separate toilets for boys and girls
v) Safe and adequate drinking water facility to all
children
vi) A kitchen where mid day meal is cooked in the
school
vii) Playground
viii) Arrangements for securing the school building by
boundary wall or green fencing
State Requirement : - After appraisal 2013-14 State have
to work out infrastructural requirement after
computing all completed, in progress and not started
works. This can be done
 Work out, through infrastructural survey
 From DISE 2011-12
 Sanitation and water supply for rural schools to be
worked out
Work out time taken to complete the balance
infrastructure
How to complete the infrastructure :  Improving management structure
 Improving monitoring
 Improving/increasing technical personals
Bottlenecks:  Non availability of land
 Non availability of personals
 Non availability of detailed drawings with district, sub
district
 Non availability of VCC/community manual with each
school
Child friendly schools
Building Rural
Primary Schools
Towards Improved Designs
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN
The Expansion of the school
Making the most out of the expansion of the school
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN
The New Primary School
Value addition through design
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN
GIRLS TOILET
Disaster Management
man-grieves-earthquake-kasmir-2005
Pakistan-earthquake-pictures-1
House
WHY EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT STRUCTURE
REQUIRED?
 Safety of human lives.
 Ordinary building should not suffer total or partial
collapse
 It may sustain such damage which could be repaired
quickly.
 It should not suffer irreparable damage which would
required demolishing and rebuilding.
• The damage to an important building should even be
less so that the functioning of the activity during post
– emergency period may continue unhampered and
the community buildings may be used as temporary
for the adversely affected people.
SEISMIC ZONES
Seismic Zone
Zone V=
10.8%
Risks due to Earthquake
Risk of wide spread
collapse & distruction
Location in India
Bhuj,
Srinagar,
Gopalgang,
States,
Zone IV=
17.5%
Zone III=
Risk of collapse & heavy
damage
Risk of damage
30.8%
Zone II
North
Jammu,
-
Andamanand
East
-
Nickobar
Ratnagiri, Amrutsar, Simla,
Chandigarh,
Dehradun,
Delhi,
Patna,
Patan,
Jamnagar, Rajkot, Dwarka
Trivendrum,
Kochi,
Lakshadweep, Mangalore,,
Panji, Pune, Mumbai, Agra,
Lucknow, Varanasi, Gaya,
Culcatta,
Bhubanswar,
Chennai, Vijaywada
Risk of minor damage
Over 60% of India’s land under Seismic Zones
III, IV & V
IS codes
(for reference)
Sl. No
Indian Seismic
Code No.
Description
1
National building the code deals with all aspects of the
code 2005
buildings
2
IS 1893 (Part 12002)
Criteria for earthquake resistant design of
structure
3
IS 4326 - 1993
Practice for earthquake resistant design
and construction of building.
4
IS 13828 - 1993
Guidelines for improving earthquake
resistant of low strength masonry
building.
5
IS 13920 - 1993
Ductile detailing of reinforce concrete
structure subject to seismic force.
6
IS 8827- 1978
Recommendation for basic requirements
of school buildings
7
IS 456-2000
Structural design of buildings
Barrier free environments
Providing a barrier free environment
 Being sensitive to the needs of
the special child in designing
the school building
 Incorporation of additional
features in new buildings –
modifications
to
existing
buildings
 Following the provisions of IS
4963 (1987) in conjunction
with IS 4838 Part 1 (1969)
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN
Providing a barrier free environment
Children with locomotor impairment…
Includes children with non ambulatory
and semi ambulatory disabilities
 Gates, approach road and steps to
allow for smooth movement.
 Ramps with handrails to be provided.
 No major level differences within
building.
Reduce
passages
and
corridors.
 Toilets to be provided with adjustable
seat, grab rail and ramp.
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN
States responsibility :  Whether sufficient design drawings are available
 Whether sufficient VCC/community manual are available
 Whether design drawing have been prepared with necessary
earth quake resistant, provision and vertical expansion
designs
 Whether engineers are getting refresher training regularly
 Whether district plan have been prepared as per
requirement of name of the school and infrastructure
required there in
 Whether necessary land is available
 Whether the school campus plan where infrastructure is
required has been prepared and incremental planning
marked
Quality control : Construction quality for any infrastructure is very
important. For example
i) Collapse of Shahdara building
ii) Collapse of Thane building
WHAT ARE BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR
QUALITY WORK
•
Adequate Supervision Structure
•
Trained Community
•
Quality Building material
•
Trained Work force
•
Inbuilt Quality control measures
Community Participation
• community
participation in all civil work activities is
mandatory. The contractors have been replaced by the
community,
• Training of community to execute civil works
successfully is essential requirement.
•SMC shall be trained and shall participate in civil works.
• As a campaign SMC are imparted training by resource
persons and technical personals at Block or cluster level.
 Design :- Design for whole school concept
 A team for designing consisting of professional like
design engineer, Architects, experts on energy
efficient , green building, Structural engineer,
Pedagogic, gender, CWN expert, child friendly
element component expert, External and internal
element expert
 Disaster management components. All factors
where ever required.
QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES
•Visual inspection.
•Quantitative Quality measures.
•Testing of building material like;•Sand
•Bricks
•Concrete Mix
•Cement water ratio
•Cement mortar
3RD PARTY EVALUATION DURING CONSTRUCTION:
● There are huge targets under SSA.
● it is necessary to have in-built quality control system during
●
●
●
●
construction.
As an additional precaution to safeguard quality measures, 3rd
party evaluation system during construction was made
mandatory.
The 3rd party quality assurance will not only impart guidance
to the field engineers but will alert the field engineers and the
community to built quality structure and adopt quality control
tests.
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka, and Maharashtra and many
other States are having 3rd party evaluation system.
Some other states have initiated the process.