Wireless Lighting Controls
Opportunities, Markets and Challenges
Dr Andy Davies
Business Development Manager
Harvard Engineering
Agenda
The Controls Market
Mega-Trends driving Wireless Control Adoption
The need to retrofit
The rise of mixed-use developments
Pre-fabrication trends in construction
Available wireless technologies & protocols
Challenges & Headwinds
Perceived cost
Network Co-existence
Security
Other Considerations
Data Management & User Interfaces
Conclusions
Market for Wireless Controls
Analysts predict a doubling of wireless
controls share from 2012-2018
Controls market overall is also expecting
to double
4x growth in wireless controls overall
What are the drivers?
What challenges do we need to
overcome?
Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption
1. Requirement for Retrofit
80%
80% of buildings that will exist in the UK
in 2050 have already been built
(source: Greater London Authority)
75%
75% of controllable lighting sold in
Europe is not controlled when installed
(source: Frost & Sullivan)
41%
41% of electricity demand across all
sectors is due to lighting
(source: CIBSE)
Link between these statistics - RETROFIT
Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption
1. Requirement for Retrofit
Our OEM customers are reporting that a very large part of their LED luminaire
business is to retrofit traditional lighting technology, where no other changes are
made to building infrastructure
Often this will involve the replacement of non-controllable light sources (eg HID),
with controllable LED. This presents an excellent opportunity to add controls and
potentially improve ROI
Adding control wiring in these projects is difficult and often prohibitive
Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption
1. Requirement for Retrofit
Project Example: Retail Department Store
AISLE:
12W LED replaces
56W halogen
Controls Strategy
Ambient, accent, perimeter and aisle lighting controlled independently in each zone
Occupancy sensor in each zone, measuring occupancy by zone by time of day
PERIMETER:
58W LED replaces
88W HID
1
Selectively time-schedule layers of lighting in response to occupancy
Apply minimum necessary lighting during out of hours (staff training, stocking,
cleaning)
Initial consumption: 1500kWh/day
•
LED retrofit reduces to 580kWh/day
AMBIENT:
29W LED replaces
70W CFL
Combined Lighting
40
35
30
Adding controls further reduces to
330kWh/day
25
kW
•
20
15
10
5
•
Effective power density of 5.6w/m2
•
2 year payback from additional
controls investment
0
00:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
Time
Before control
With control
3
ACCENT:
32W LED replaces
112W halogen
Results
•
2
00:00
4
Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption
2. Changes in building occupancy patterns
London Real Estate Example
Residential rents are outstripping office rents, yet there is a
shortage of office space
This is driving an increase in mixed-use developments combining
office, resi, retail and hospitality
Lease lengths are decreasing. 25% decrease in London over past
10 years
New development schemes have elements of multiple use, under
single landlord
This is driving need for greater flexibility in building and energy
management
Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption
3. Prefabrication and Modular Construction
Prefabrication and modular construction is growing globally, and can
bring numerous benefits:
•
3-4 week reduction in project schedules
•
5% reduction in construction site waste
•
5% reduction in material use
•
6% reduction in project spend
Source: McGraw-Hill Construction
Wireless controls integration into prefabrications is attractive, and
could increase adoption – but also requires easy commissioning!!
Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption
4. Experience with Wired Systems
User Perception with ‘Traditional’ Lighting Controls
• Require specialist engineers to re-program, often at high cost
(£1000 a day not unusual)
• Time-consuming to re-configure
• Often require intervention into infrastructure to resolve issues
User Software often not intuitive;
‘written by controls engineers
for controls engineers’
Which Wireless Protocol?
Questions to consider….
Which Application Segment?
Different protocols may be better suited to certain applications (eg Z-wave for residential)
Open Standard or Proprietary?
There are many proprietary protocols supported by only one company.
If you want to avoid being tied down, an open, standardised protocol.
Open standards can also give better device interoperability
Standalone Controls or Networked?
Sometimes wireless functionality may be required only locally (eg from switch interface to nearest wired device).
Other times wireless benefits can be realised from end to end across the system
Integration with Broader BMS System
Can the protocol integrate with BMS standards eg Bacnet, KNX, LON etc
Communication Robustness
For large areas, mesh networking protocols allow a more robust communication since they are not reliant on
single point to point routes
Future-Proofing
Look for trends in adoption. Widely supported protocols are likely to be around in the future
Which Wireless Protocol?
Some common open standards
•
•
Robust protocol, widely supported
Devices limited to end-point devices
(switches, sensors)
Battery-free operation seen as benefit
•
•
•
•
•
Widely supported by many major brands
Focused on residential/consumer use
Many products adjacent to lighting
Most focus in US
•
•
•
Supported by Connected Lighting Alliance
Mesh protocol chosen for larger networked
solutions (eg LG, Harvard EyeNut, Acuity
Adura, Daintree Networks)
Many sub-protocols – LightLink for domestic,
Building Automation for B2B
•
In lighting, WiFi is used primarily for
point-to-point communication with
enabled LED lamps in domestic
applications
Which Wireless Protocol?
Global Market Analysis (Indoor Lighting)
Wireless Lighting ChipSet Share By Protocol
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2011
ZigBee has highest single share of any protocol,
however market has been very fragmented with
many proprietary technologies
Forecast shows ZigBee increasing and cannibalizing
multiple proprietary protocols
EnOcean and Wifi stable – expected to grow with
market
2012
ZigBee
Source: ON World
2013
EnOcean
2014
2015
2016
Other (inc. proprietary)
2017
2018
WiFi
Challenges & Concerns
1. Perceived Higher Cost
Is wireless more expensive when all factors are considered?
Model of 300 Luminaire office ‘cost neutral’ fit-out suggests not, but that cost is distributed differently around the system
DALI Wired Solution
components
DALI Wired Solution
Wiring
Commissioning
Wireless Solution
Central Hardware
Software
Input Devices (sensors, switches etc)
Challenges & Concerns
2. Wireless Network Co-Existence
Common Question is ‘Can your wireless lighting
network co-exist with regular WiFi’
Open protocols can offer reassurance here by
published studies
See for example ZigBee Alliance co-existence study:
http://www.zigbee.org/LearnMore/KnowledgeBase.aspx?
Contenttype=ArticleDet&Aid=143&CatID):
Study defines co-existence traffic limits, which are far
in excess of practical traffic experienced in regular
use.
WiFi traffic on Harvard stand at recent Euroshop exhibition:
Against this background our ZigBee-based EyeNut system
operated well in live demos
Challenges & Concerns
3. Security
A valid concern given recent media ‘lightbulb hacking’ reports. The following items should be considered:
Evaluate the real risk
Risk = likelihood x severity.
How likely is it that someone will want to infiltrate your lighting system and what is the impact?
What is the benefit of adopting networked controls versus this risk?
Don’t assume the protocol provides protection ‘out of the box’
It is how your supplier designs using the protocol which is important, not the protocol itself
Many reports crfiticise ‘insecure protocols’, however in most cases systems can be made secure through robust design
Question potential suppliers
Suppliers should be able to provide detailed information regarding security measures that are implemented in their product
Ensure suppliers are also questioned regarding their in-house security knowledge and capabilities
Is security future-proofed?
Suppliers with trained resource to stay vigilant against new threats are more likely to deliver a secure system
Take appropriate measures…stay vigilant….but be
realistic about the real risk
Other Considerations
User Interface
The absence of intuitive user
interfaces has been a major barrier
to lighting control adoption
Users now expect easy-to-use,
familar interfaces available on a
variety of media
Data Management
Lighting control systems are evolving
to become data management
systems, using measured energy and
status data to drive smart decisions
on control strategies
Wireless is not enough…need also to adopt key
interface and data management features
Conclusions
Wireless lighting control market share will grow fast, expect to double share in 6 years
Increase in LED luminaire retrofit projects provides huge wireless controls opportunity
Main construction trends of mixed-use and prefabrication also provide opportunity
ZigBee expected to gain ground as main protocol of choice, especially around scaled networked installations
Major challenges of cost, robustness/reliability and security are being addressed
Data monitoring and analysis will optimize control strategies and maximize energy savings
Tomorrows systems will be interactive packages for users, driven by supported software platforms
Thank You