CRDI
COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
BY: SAHAL M MANSURI
AND
JOSHI MAULIK
CRDI

Modern & clean diesel system
INTRODUCTION




The common rail system of fuel injection was used in marine
diesel engines during the early and mid-19th century.
The common rail system of fuel injection is a simple and
efficient system.
The recent trend in the automobile industry is the usage of
common rail direct fuel injection systems in some modern
vehicles.
Some of the engines in the automobile sector introduce this
common rail system of injection not only in diesel engines, but
also in petrol/gasoline engines.
WHY IT IS CALLED CRDI?

It is a new technology and it is called common
rail direct injection because there is only one
plunger in the pump which supply fuel to the
rail from where fuel is injected to the different
nozzles (injectors).
DEMAND ON MODERN DIESEL ENGINE DEVELOPMENT




Low fuel consumption.
Low pollution emission.
Quiet running engine.
Improved engine performance
COMMON RAIL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM AND ITS
FUNCTION
Provide the diesel engine with fuel.
 Generate the high pressure needed for fuel injection
and distribute the fuel to the individual cylinders.
 Inject precisely correct amount of fuel at exactly the
right moment in time.
 In contrast to other injection system Common rail fuel
injection system is an accumulator injection system.

HOW DOES A CR SYSTEM FUNCTION?
COMMON RAIL FUEL
INJECTION SYSTEM
Low Pressure
Circuit
High Pressure
Circuit
ECU With
Sensors
WORKING OF CRDI.
Low –pressure circuit comprises of:




Fuel tank .
Pre-supply pump.
Fuel filter
And the respective connection lines.
WORKING OF CRDI
High –pressure circuit comprises:




High – pressure pump with pressure – control valve
The high – pressure accumulator (Rail )with the rail –pressure
sensor
Injectors, and
The respective high – pressure connection lines.
WORKING OF CRDI
ECU and sensors
The common rail ECU evaluates the signals from the following sensors.

Crankshaft – speed sensor, Boost – pressure sensor.
 Camshaft sensor, Accelerator-pedal travel sensor.
 Air temperature sensor.

Air – mass meter and Rail pressure sensor.
COMPONENTS OF CRDI






PRE SUPPLY PUMP
- electric
- roller
- gear
Rail-pressure sensor (RDS).
Injector
High pressure pump.
High- pressure accumulator (Rail).
Pressure-control valve (DRV)
PRE SUPPLY PUMP
The electric fuel pump comprises of:
1.Electric Motor
2.Roller-Cell Pump
3.Non Return Valve
PRE SUPPLY PUMP


The roller cell is driven
by an electric motor.
Its rotor is mounted
eccentrically and
provided with slots in
which movable rollers
are free to travel.
PRE SUPPLY PUMP
Gear type fuel pump
 The drive gear wheel is
driven by the engine .
 Delivery quantity is directly
proportional to engine
speed.
 Shut off is by means of an
electromagnet.
HIGH- PRESSURE PUMP





The pump plunger moves downwards
The inlet valve opens
The fuel is drawn in to the pumping element
chamber(suction stroke)
At BDC, the inlet valve closes
The fuel in the chamber can be compressed by the
upward moving plunger.
PRESSURE-CONTROL VALVE (DRV)

Responsible for
maintaining the
pressure in the rail
at a constant level.
RAIL-PRESSURE SENSOR(RDS)


Measures the pressure in the rail.
Inputs the information to the ECU.
ECU WITH SENSORS



Common Rail is an EDC controlled injection
system
The ECU controls & monitors the complete
injection process
The sensors delivers all the measured values
which are required in the process