An ontology of computing
What is an ontology?
• An ontology is a specification of a
conceptualization.
• A specification of a representational vocabulary for
a shared domain of discourse — definitions of
classes, relations, functions, and other objects — is
called an ontology.
http://tomgruber.org/writing/ontolingua-kaj-1993.htm
Artificial Intelligence
Intelligent Agents
Personal
Assistants
Semantic
Webs
Semantic Web
Connects Knowledge
Ontologies
Taxonomies
The Global
Brain
Enterprise
Minds
Group
Minds
Knowledge
Management
Knowledge
Bases
The Metaweb
Connects Intelligence
The
“Relationship”
Web
Lifelogs
Semantic
Weblogs
Enterprise
Portals
Search Engines
Marketplaces
Auctions
Wikis
Content Portals
Weblogs
Web Sites
The Web
Connects Information
Databases
Groupware
PIMs
Pub-Sub
File Servers
USENET
Conferencing
P2P File-sharing
Decentralised
Communities
Community
Portals
Social Software
Connects People
eMail
“Push”
RSS
Smart
Marketplaces
IM
Permission to re-use with attribution to: Nova Spivack (2004)
http://www.novaspivack.com/science/new-version-of-my-metaweb-graph-the-future-of-the-net
Social
Networks
From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia
Ontologies are the structural frameworks for organizing
information and are used in artificial intelligence, the
Semantic Web, systems engineering, software engineering,
biomedical informatics, library science, enterprise
bookmarking, and information architecture as a form of
knowledge representation about the world or some part of it.
The creation of domain ontologies is also fundamental to the
definition and use of an enterprise architecture framework.
Why - Computing Ontology
• Beyond the general reasons for an ontology of anything
• Computing is a broad category of disciplines
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Computer Science
Computer Engineering
Software Engineering
Artificial Intelligence
Information Science
Information Systems
Information Technology
More …
Good for increased attention to
special topics within the domains
Potentially weakens the voice
of the overall domain
The ACM Computing Classification
System
• First version: 1964
http://www.acm.org/about/class/cr64
– Three layer tree
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1. General Topics and Education
2. Computing Milieu
3. Applications
4. Programming
5. Mathematics of Computation
6. Design and Construction
7. Analog Computers
ACM CCS - 1991
• Four Layer Tree (11 top layer categories)
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A. General Literature
B. Hardware
C. Computer Systems Organization
D. Software
E. Data
F. Theory of Computation
G. Mathematics of Computing
H. Information Systems
I. Computing Methodologies
J. Computer Applications
K. Computing Milieu
ACM CCS - 1998
• Revised over time. 11 top level categories. 4 level tree.
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A. General Literature
B. Hardware
C. Computer Systems Organization
D. Software
E. Data
F. Theory of Computation
G. Mathematics of Computing
H. Information Systems
I. Computing Methodologies
J. Computer Applications
K. Computing Milieu
No change at the top level
ACM CCS 2012
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General and reference
Now 14 top level categories
Hardware
Computer systems organization
Depth varies, up to 6 levels
Networks
Software and its engineering
Interactive interface available at
Theory of computation
http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm
Mathematics of computing
Information systems
Security and privacy
Human-centered computing
Computing methodologies
Applied computing
Social and professional topics
Proper nouns: People, technologies and companies
An exercise
• Go to http://www.computingportal.org/cs2013
• Strawman document
• Go to (document open to anyone with the
link)https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MLdpEYfGdbfA
txhMX4-tk3sI7ckBYQoWqqN0Jq9PDKs/edit
• With a partner, choose a topic area to classify
– Go to Blackboard and fill in the classification for your topic
– Then choose another topic and repeat. Please do not choose both
at once, so that there is more freedom of choice for everyone.