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CMMI Awareness Session
By: Energized Corporate Consultant Inc.
www.energized-inc.com
© 2011 Energized. All rights reserved.
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What is a Process Model?

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PROCESS MODEL is a structured
collection of elements that
describe characteristics of
effective processes. Processes
included are those proven by
experience to be effective
What is Capability Maturity
Model Integration (CMMI)?

A common - sense application of process
management and quality improvement concepts
to software development and maintenance.

A community - developed guide.

A model for organizational improvement.

Based on industry experience in software
development and the US DoDs experience in
software subcontracting

The best model the industry has to offer for
software process improvement
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Note
• A CMMI model is not a process.
• A CMMI model describes the characteristics of
effective processes.
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Why CMMI ??
– Emphasizes the development of processes to
improve product development and customer services
in organizations
– Provides a framework from which to organize and
prioritize process improvement activities (product,
business, people, technology)
– Supports the coordination of multi-disciplined
activities that may be required to successfully build a
product
– Emphasizes the alignment of process improvement
efforts objectives with organizational business
objectives
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CMMI Model Disciplines V1.1
Supplier
Sourcing
SW
CMMI Core
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CMMI-SW
Related
Examples
CMMI-SE/SW
Related
Examples
CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD
SE
CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD/SS
Integrated Product and
Process Development
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CMMi –DEV 1.2
• Improved model from CMMI Version 1.1
• Support Development of products,
Application support and maintenance
• One single document
• Covers staged and continuous
representations
• Discipline free (IPPD as an addition)
• Support Software, System and Hardware
amplifications
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Constellation
• A constellation is a collection of CMMI components
that are used to build models, training materials, and
appraisal documents.
• A constellation is a subset of the CMMI Product
Suite relevant to improvement in a particular area of
interest
• CMMI-DEV is constellation
• Other constellations
– CMMI for Services (CMMI-SVC)
– CMMI for Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ)
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CMMi – DEV - Models
• CMMI for Development constellation
consists of two models:
– CMMI for Development
– CMMI for Development + IPPD
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CMMI Model Representations
Continuous
ML5
ML4
ML3
ML2
ML 1
. . .for an established
set of process areas across an
organization
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Process Area
Capability
Staged
PA PA PA
. . .for a single process area
or a set of process areas
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CMMI Staged Model Representation
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
Provide a proven sequence of
improvements, beginning with
basic management practices and
progressing through a predefined
path of successive levels

Permit comparisons across and
among organizations by use of
maturity levels
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CMMI Maturity Levels
5
4
3
2
Optimizing
Focus on continuous process
improvement
Quantitatively
Managed
Process measured
and controlled
Defined
Process characterized
for the organization and
is proactive
Managed
Process characterized for
projects and is often
reactive
Initial
1
Process unpredictable,
poorly controlled, and
reactive
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CMMI Process Areas
Level
Focus
Process Areas
5 Optimizing
Continuous
process
improvement
Causal Analysis and Resolution
Organizational Innovation and Deployment
2
Quantitative Project Management
Organizational Process Performance
2
4 Quantitatively Quantitative
Managed
management
3 Defined
Process
standardization
2 Managed
Basic
project
management
1 Initial
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Organizational Process Focus
Organizational Process Definition
Organizational Training
Integrated Project Management
Risk Management
Decision Analysis and Resolution
Requirements Development
Technical Solution
Product Integration
Verification
Validation
Requirements Management
Project Planning
Project Monitoring and Control
Supplier Agreement Management
Measurement and Analysis
Process and Product Quality Assurance
Configuration Management
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7
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Core Process Areas
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CMMi – DEV – Process Areas
• CMMI for Development adds additional 6
Process areas
– Supplier Agreement Management
– Requirements Development
– Technical Solution
– Product Integration
– Verification
– Validation
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Process Area

Identify the cluster of related activities that,
when performed collectively, achieve a set of
goals considered important for enhancing
process capability

Common to both continuous and staged
representations, organized by



Maturity level in the staged representation

Category (i.e., process management, project
management, support, and engineering) in
the continuous representation
22 PAs in the CMMI Level 5
18 PAs in the CMMI Level3
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Process Area Components
Process Area (PA)
Purpose
Statement
Related
Process Areas
Introductory
Notes
Specific Goals (SG)
Generic Goals (GG)
Specific
Practices
(SP)
Typical Work
Products
Generic
Practices
(GP)
Subpractices
Generic Practice
Elaborations
Legend
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Required
Expected
Informative
CMMI Continuous Model
Representation
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
5
Capability
4
3
2
1
0
Process
Process
Process
Area 1
Area 2
Area N
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
An organization may choose
to improve the performance
of a single process-related
trouble spot and understand
the dependencies among the
process areas described in
CMMI.
A Process Area Capability
Profile may be represented
by a set of points in two
dimensions
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Capability Levels



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A well-defined evolutionary
plateau describing the capability
of a process area
There are six (6) capability levels
defined
Each level is a layer in the
foundation for continuous process
improvement
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CMMI Capability Levels
5
4
3
2
1
0
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Optimizing
Processes is quantitatively managed and
continuously improved
Quantitatively Managed
Processes is controlled using statistical and
other quantitative techniques
Defined
Processes is managed and tailored from
organization’s set of standard processes
Managed
Processes is performed and planned and the
performance of process is managed vs. plan
Performed
Processes is performed and satisfies the
specific goals of the process area
Incomplete
Processes is partially performed
CMMI Continuous vs.
Staged Representations



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Materials in both representations are
the same but are organized differently
Continuous Representation
 Flexible in its applications so the
organization can choose which
process areas to emphasize
 Provides equivalent staging to
compare to staged representation
 6 Capability Levels
Staged Representation
 Structured for implementation based
on proven grouping and ordering of
processes
 Provides easy transition from CMMSW to CMMI-SE/SW
 5 Maturity Levels
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Generic Goal and Practices
• Generic goals and generic practices contribute to
process institutionalization.
• The generic goals and generic practices are the model
components that provide for commitment and
consistency throughout an organization’s processes and
activities.
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Generic Goals
The degree of institutionalization is captured in the
generic goals and expressed in the names of the processes
associated with each goal as indicated in the table below:
Generic Goal & Title
Progression of Processes
GG1: Achieve Specific Goals
Performed Process
GG2: Institutionalize a Managed Process *
Managed Process
GG3: Institutionalize a Defined Process *
Defined Process
GG4: Institutionalize a Quantitatively Managed Quantitatively Managed
Process
Process
GG5: Institutionalize an Optimizing Process
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Optimizing Process
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Generic Practices
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
GP 1.1: Perform Specific Practices
GP 2.1: Establish an Organizational Policy
GP 2.2: Plan the Process
GP 2.3: Provide Resources
GP 2.4: Assign Responsibility
GP 2.5: Train People
GP 2.6: Manage Configurations
GP 2.7: Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders
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Generic Practices
•
•
•
•
•
GP 2.8: Monitor and Control the Process
GP 2.9: Objectively Evaluate Adherence
GP 2.10: Review Status with Higher Level Management
GP 3.1: Establish a Defined Process
GP 3.2: Collect Improvement Information
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Level 2 Process Areas
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Requirements Management
Project Planning
Project Monitoring and Control
Measurement and Analysis
Process and Product Quality Assurance
Configuration Management
Supplier Agreement Management
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Level 3 Process Areas
• Organizational Process Focus
• Organizational Process Definition
• Organizational Training
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Risk Management
Decision Analysis and Resolution
Requirements Development
Integrated Project Management
Technical Solution
Product Integration
Verification
Validation
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Appraisal Method Classes
Characteristics
Class A
Class B
/Preappraisal
Class C
Amount of Objective
Evidence Gathered
(relative)
High
Medium
Low
Ratings Generated
Yes
No
No
Resource Needs
High
Medium
Low
Appraisal Team Leader
Requirements
LA
LA /
Person
trained
and
experience
d
Person
trained
and
experience
d
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SCAMPI Appraisal Process
Appraisal
Requirements
The
Process
Actual
Practice
Appraisal Team
Findings,
Recommendations
Organization/
Projects
Organizational
Process Suite
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Process
Deployment
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Q&A
Questions and Answers (Q&A), Suggestions / Ideas
welcome……….
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Energized Corporate Consultant Inc.
Thank You!
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