EDUCATION
Objectives, Philosophy,
and History
“Just as the body does not
develop, fully without exercise,
neither does the mind.”
-David Brinkerhoff and Lynn K.
White
NATURE OF EDUCATION
The basic purpose of education is the
transmission of knowledge.

Education was originally a family
responsibility, but industrialization
changed that dramatically.

Advanced education is regarded as a
necessity for a large portion of the
population.

DEFINITION
 Education
is
the
social
responsibility
for
the
transmission of knowledge,
skills, and cultural values with
a
formally
organized
structure.
OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION
1. The development of human
talents and personal character
for better citizenship.
2. the gearing of the educational
system to the requirement of
socio-economic growth.
2 FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION
Manifest Function
> defined as the open
states and intended goals or
consequences of activities within
organization of institution.
 1)
6 Major Manifest Functions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Socialization
Social Control
Social Placement
Transmitting Culture
Promoting Social and Political
Integration
6. As an Agent of change
2. Latent Function
1. Restricting some activities.
2. Matchmaking and
Production of Social
Networks
3. Creation of Generation Gap
3 Functions of the School
identified by John S. Brubacher
Conservative Function
Progressive Function
Neutral Function
As formulated by the Board
of National Education, the following
comprise the broad and specific aims
of education:
 1)
To inculcate moral and
spiritual values inspired by an abiding
faith in God;
 2)
To develop an enlightened,
patriotic, useful, and upright citizenry in
a democratic society;

 3)
To instill habits of industry and
thrift, and to prepare individuals to
contribute to the economic development
and wise conservation of the nation’ natural
resources;
 4)
To maintain family solidarity, to
improve community like, to perpetuate all
that is desirable in our national heritage
and to serve the cause of world peace; and
5)
To promote the sciences, arts,
and letters for the enrichment of life and
the recognition of the dignity of the human
person.
EDUCATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES: A HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT
1901-1910
1.
Under the American Civil Government,
free primary education was introduced to the
country
 2.
First public school were established
 3.
The Department of public instruction
introduced 3-level system of education: 7
years basic elementary education, 4 years
secondary education, and 2 years junior
college.
4. UP, Phil. School of Arts & Trades, and
PNU were established
1.
1911-1920
1. 1. Private school flourished
2. In 1911, the Private School Law
Act 2706 was enacted. It made
obligatory the recognition and
inspection of private schools and
colleges to maintain a standard of
efficiency in all private schools and
colleges.
1921-1930
 1. The government prepare and adopt basic
textbooks for all schools.
 2. In 1925, a study on the development of
education in the Philippines was conducted.
 3. Industrial and agricultural secondary
schools were organized.
 4. Military training for males in secondary
schools were organized.
 5. Military training for males in secondary
schools introduced.
1931-1940
Commonwealth Period
 Passage of the Education Act
of 1940 which provided for the
complete revision of the
republic elementary school
system of the country.
1941-1950
 1.
Filipino teachers were ordered to
delete parts of textbooks, which had
references to the US and Britain and
democratic principles
 2. In 1947, the Department of Public
was enacted Creating the Board of
Textbooks.
1951-1960
1. Elementary Education Act repealed
Commonwealth Act 586, thus restoring
Grade 7 which, double-single session was
abolished and classes reverted to the
“Each One Teach One” process.
2.
All education institutions were
required to have a daily flag ceremony
3.
Prescribing the inclusion of a course
on the life works and writings.
1961-1970
 1.
Magna Carta for Public School
Teachers was approved to promote
and improve the social and economic
status of public school teachers.
 2. In 1961, Pres. Marcos created the
Presidential Commision to Survey Phil.
Educ.(PCSPE). It recommended the
overhaul of the educational system.
1971-1980
1. In 1972, Dept. of Education was
named Dept. of Education and Culture.
2. Pres. Marcos passed Presidential
Decree 1006, declaring teachers as
professionals
and
teaching
a
profession.
3. In 1974, the National College
Entrance Examination (NLEE) was
implemented.
1981-1990
 1.
In 1982, the ministry of Educ., Culture
and Sports
 2.
Program for Decentralized Educ.
Development (PRODED)
 3.
Educ. Dept. ordered the abolition of
youth Civic action Program (YCAP)
 4.
In 1986, Pres. Aquino’s term, MECS
was renamed Dept. Of Educ., Culture and
Sports (DECS)
5.
Public Secondary Education
6. Gov’t. subsidy to pivate education known
as the Private Educ. Student Financial
Assistance (PESFA)
7.
Provision of loan assistance to poor
8. Expansion af alternative school systems
for tribal minorities and the disabled
9.
Launching of Values Education Program
10. Secondary Educ. Dev’t Proram (SEDP)
was launched starting with first year level in
SY 1989-1990
11. In 1990, Pres, Aquino formed the
Commission on Education (EDCOM)
1990 to Present
 1.
In 1991, the Education for all
(EFA) program was launched.
 2.
In 1993, first National
Elementary Achievement (NEAT) was
conducted.
3.
Implementation of National
Secondary Assessment Test (NSAT)
 4.
In 1944, Pres. Ramos, lengthen the
school calendar from 200 to 220 days
 5.
In 1995, Technical Educ. and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) was
instituted.
 6. Non-formal Educ. Mobile Program
 4. Lingua Franca Educ. Project
 7.
DECS implemented the Third
Elementary Educ. Project.
DECS and CHED:
THRUSTS
UNDER THE MEDIUM TERM
PHILIPPINES DEV’T PROGRAM
OR ANGAT PINOY 2004
According to Functional Literacy
Education and Mass Media Survey
(FLEMMS)
o
2.8 million- basically illiterate

- barely able to read, write or
even worse
o
7.8 million- functionally illiterate
unable to participate fully and
efficiently in everyday activities that
require reasonable skills or capabilities.
EDUCATIONAL ACTION
PLAN: THE MISSION OF
ANGAT PINOY 2004
I. ON BASIC EDUCATION
A.
DECS’ formula
-Education on literacy (EOI)
1. Non-formal Education
Accreditation and equivalency System
(Project Ease)

- For elementary pupils, the system
has instituted the dropout intervention
program provides young school children
with everything that they need for school.

- For H.S. students, there is Project
EASE, which enables dropout H.S. students to
return to school whenever they are ready.

2. Balik Paaralan
3. Instructional program
-Accredition and Equivalency Test(A & T)
a) Language Policy
b) Teaching Math, Science and IT
c) Testing

 4.
Computerization of the payroll system
and devolving it to the regions.
 5.
Creating and maintaining a
management information system for
governance
 6.
Rethinking and replanning the IT and
its implementation.
 7.
Getting the 16 regional H.S.
 8.
Preparing divisions and districts for
empowerment
 9.
Ensuring a liberal education in critical
thinking for faculty and administrators;
rediscovering the value of reading for
basic education.
 10.
Alternative Schools for out-ofschool youth an d returnees including the
medium or instruction.
 11.
Ensuring a cadre of intellectuals and
leaders for DECS in next century
ESTRADA Government’s Medium-term
Philippines Development Plan
 Objectives:
1. Expanding access to basic education
2. Improving the quality an relevance of
basic education; improved basic literacy
3. Improving the efficiency and
effectiveness of the system and of the
schools
 4. Institutionalization of early childhood
Care and Development (ECCD)
5. Strengthening local culture, arts and
school sports
B. CONGRESSIONAL FORMULA.
Enabling laws – A necessity
1.
Creation of the Commission on
Preparatory School Education
Article XIV, Section 2(1) of the 1987
Constitution provides: “The State shall
establish, maintain, and support a complete,
adequate, and integrated system of
education relevant to the needs of the
people and society.”
 2. Education Initiatives Act
Article XIV, Section 1 provides:
“The State shall protect and promote
the right of all citizens to quality
education at all levels and shall take
appropriate steps to make such
education accessible to all.”
II. ON HIGHER EDUCATION
 A.

CHED’S Thrusts
1. Strengthening public and private
HEIs identified as Centers of Excellence
(COEs) and Centers of Development (CODs)
in nine clusters of disciplines;

2.
Accelerating the restructuring
and streaming and lining of public higher
education sub-system;

3. Imposing a moratorium on the
conversion into and creation of SUCs and
rationalizing funding allocation for the
public higher education institutions;
 4.
Establishing a viable Quality
Assurance system in higher education;
 5.
Developing innovative programs in
higher education and alternative modes of
delivery of educational services;
 6.
Strengthening research and extension
function of HEIs;
 7.
Raising of Maritime Education
Standards in compliance with international
standards, particularly the 1995 Standards
of training , Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers; and
 8.
Raising the global Competitiveness of
HEIs.
B. Congressional Action
1. Open Tertiary Education Act
Article XIV, Section 2(2)
provides that: “The State shall
establish, maintain, and support a
complete, adequate, and integrated
system of education relevant to the
needs of the people and society.”
 -Open Tertiary education is a system of
delivery or acquiring education other then
the graded, structured, and class-attended
formal systems, mode of
delivery/acquisition may include but not
necessarily limited to, the use of radio,
television, print media, audio/video
equipment, face to face interaction,
observation, etc, at a place and place of
study determined by the student himself.
(Osmena III, Senate Bill No. 176).
The Human Rights Education
Act.
2.
Article XIV, Section 3 (2) states
that: “All educational institutions shall
foster love of humanity and respect for
human rights…”
 - July 4, 1986 – Pres. Aquino promulgated
Executive Order No. 27
 DECS Sec. Lourdes Quisumbing issued
order No. 61 S. 1987
What are the Identifiable Problems
of the Education System?
 1.
Low Budget, High Enrollment
 2. Shortage of Faculty Members
 3. Reading materials for
instruction
4. Classroom Shortage
Factors Affecting Education
 1.
The Priorities of law and order
directed by the police and the demands
of national security as defined by the
military siphon off a lot of funds.
2. The automatic debt service takes a
huge chunk off our scarce national
resources