PAKISTAN PRESENTATION
ON
INTERNATIONALLY AGREED GOALS
AND TARGETS IN EDUCATION
SCHEME OF PRESENTATION
• Six Education for All Goals
• Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) related to
Education
• Progress in achieving each EFA Goal
• Goal 2 – Primary Goal
• Completion / Survival Rate till Grade V
• Adult Literacy
• Goal 5 – Gender Parity
• Steps taken
• Major challenges and Barriers
SIX EDUCATION FOR ALL GOALS
The following are the six goals of Education for All set in
Dakar in the year 2000 to be achieved latest by the year
2015: •
Expanding and improving comprehensive Early
Childhood Care and Education (ECCE), especially for
the most vulnerable disadvantaged children.
•
Ensuring that by 2015 all children with special emphasis
on girls and children in difficult circumstances have
access to and complete free and compulsory primary
education of good quality.
•
Ensuring that the learning needs of all young people and
adults are met through equitable access to appropriate
learning, life skills and citizenship programs.
1
Contd……
SIX EDUCATION FOR ALL GOALS
•
Achieve a 50% improvement in levels of Adult Literacy
by 2015, especially for women and equitable access to
basic and continuing education for all adults.
•
Eliminating gender disparities in Primary and
Secondary Education by 2005, and achieving gender
equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring
girls full and equal access to and achievement in basic
education of good quality; and
•
Improving all aspects of the quality of education and
ensuring excellence of all so that recognized and
measurable learning outcomes are achieved by all,
especially in literacy, numeracy and essential life skills.
2
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
(MDGs) RELATED TO EDUCATION
Goals 2
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Targets 3
Ensure that , by 2012 , children everywhere , boys and girls
alike , will be able to complete a full course of primary
schooling.
Goals 3
promote gender quality and empower women
Targets 4
Eliminates gender disparity in primary and secondary
education, preferably by 2005, and to all levels of education
no later than 2015.
3
PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING EACH
EFA GOAL
Goal 1 – ECCE:
•
“Expanding and improving comprehensive Early Childhood
Care and Education (ECCE), especially for the most
vulnerable disadvantaged children.”
ENROLLMENT BY SECTOR (2010-11)
Pre-primary Enrollment in Pakistan
Pre-primary
Boys
Girls
Total
2,328,219
1,872,922
4,201,221
51,550
47,976
99,526
Private
1,825,370
1,501,746
3,327,116
Total
4,205,219
3,422,644
7,627,863
Public
Other public
4
Contd……
PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING EACH
EFA GOAL
Projected Achievements by 2015:
•
In ECE the National EFA Plan (2001-15) target is 50%
net enrolment rate by 20015. Against the said target
the present (2009-10) net enrolment rate is 34%. As
such Pakistan has to increase NER up to 16% in next
five years i.e at the rate of around 3% per annum
which is achievable in terms of access/enrolment.
However, so far as the quality is concerned we may
not be able to provide quality ECE Programmes
because of various factors and barriers.
5
GOAL 2 – PRIMARY EDUCATION
“Ensuring that by 2015 all children with special emphasis on girls and
children in difficult circumstances have access to and complete free
and compulsory primary education of good quality.”
Net Enrolment Rate ( 5-9) age group
2009-10
2010-11
Net Enrolment Rate
70
60
62
60
57
54
50
52
44
40
30
20
Pakistan
Punjab
Sindh
Khyber P.K
Balochistan
10
0
Pakistan
Punjab
Sindh
Khyber P.K Balochistan
Source: PSLM Survey 2009-10
6
NET PRIMARY ENROLMENT RATE –
PROJECTED STATUS BY 2015
Progress in net primary enrolments during the last five years has
occurred at an average rate of 1% per year. Unless massive changes
take place in the education sector, the net enrolment rate is not
expected to exceed 65% by 2015.
Net Primary Enrolment Rates 2001-11
Net Primary
Enrolment (%)
2001/02
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2010/11
EFA
Target
2015
42
52
53
56
55
60
100%
Projected
Status
2015
65%
7
COMPLETION / SURVIVAL RATE
TILL GRADE V
Completion/survival rates to Grade V slipped during the past five years
– from 52% in 2004/05 and 58% in 2006/07 to 65% in 2008/09. With
some improvements in poverty levels and assuming that huge
investments in good quality education take place in the very near
future, this can be expected to rise, at the most to 70% by 2015.
Completion/Surviv
al rate till Grade V
2001/0
2
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2010/11
EFA Target
2015
Projected
2015 Status
50%
52%
55%
58%
62%
65%
100%
70%
120
100
100
80
60
65
40
20
0
2008/09
EFA 2015
8
ADULT LITERACY
“Achieve a 50% improvement in levels of Adult Literacy by 2015,
especially for women and equitable access to basic and continuing
education for all adults.”
Achievements:
The 10+ age group adult literacy rate of Pakistan as per national
census 1998 was 45% which increased to 58% (male 70%: female
46%) according to the findings of the Pakistan Social and Living
Standards Measurement (PSLM) survey 2010-11.
9
Overall Literacy Rate (2009-10)
2010-11
Literacy Rate
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
69
58
57
62
58
Male literacy rate as
compared to female is
fairly higher in all the
provinces. It is highest
in Punjab i.e. 73% and
lowest in Baluchistan
i.e. 64%
52
57
47
24.5
Pakistan
Punjab
Sindh
Khyber P.K
Balochistan
Gilgit-Baltistan
FATA
AJK
2010-11
70
10
Overall female literacy rate is only 46%. The lowest literacy
rate amongst females is in rural areas of balochistan and
Sindh
2010-11
46
11
INCREASE IN ADULT LITERACY RATES
AND PROJECTED STATUS 2015
Similar to net primary enrolment rates, adult literacy rates (for 10+
years old) moved at a slow pace of almost 1% per annum in the past
five years. At this rate, with more efforts, it is expected to reach a level
of not higher than 65% by 2015.
Adult Literacy Rates: 2001/02-2010-11
and Projected Status 2015
Adult
(10+years)
Literacy Rate
2001/02
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2010-11
EFA Target
2015
45
53
54
55
56
58
70%
Projected
Status 2015
65%
12
GOAL 5 – GENDER PARITY
“Eliminating gender disparities in Primary and Secondary Education by 2005,
and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring
girls full and equal access to and achievement in basic education of good
quality;
GENDER PARITY IN PRIMARY
EDUCATION
At a value of 0.84, gender parity index for primary education has hardly
moved over the past five years. Though fairly close to the target, this
index may reach its target by 2015 – irrespective that the primary
enrolment rates may remain fairly low e.g. in KPK, net enrolment rates
of only 58% for boys and 45% for girls yields a gender parity index for
primary education of about 0.8.
13
Contd……
GOAL 5 – GENDER PARITY
Gender Parity Index (GPI) Primary Education: 2001/02-2010/11 and Projected 2015
Gender Parity Index
(GPI)
in
Primary
Education
2001/02
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
0.82
0.85
0.85
0.81
2007/08
2010/11
EFA Target
2015
0.85
0.84
1
Projected
2015
0.88
Gender Parity Index (GPI) Secondary Education: 2001/02-2010/11
2001/02
2004/05
2005/06
0.75
0.83
0.84
Gender Parity Index
(GPI)
in
Secondary
Education
2006/07
0.8
2007/08
0.8
2010/11
EFA Target
2015
0.8
0.94
Gender Parity Index (GPI) in Youth Literacy: 2001/02-2010/11 and Projected 2015
Youth
Literacy
Gender Parity Index
2001/02
2004/0
5
0.64
0.68
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2010/11
0.74
0.75
0.78
0.78
MDG
/EFA
Target 2015
1
Projected
Status
2015
.88
14
Steps taken to accelerate progress on
EFA
• EFA National Plan of Action (2001-15) to
achieve 06 EFA Goals has been prepared and is
under implementation;
• NEP, 2009 has special emphasis on achieving
EFA Goals;
• Dev: Projects launched for Promotion of
Promotion Education, Adult Literacy and Early
Childhood Education
• NFBE Schools established as BECS (14,000)
and enrollment is 500,000.
Step taken…..(cont)
• Under ESRP the funds given to provinces to
open Literacy Centers, provide missing facilities
in Primary Schools and open ECE Centers;
• Two Organizations established i.e. NCHD and
NEF established at federal level for enhancing
literacy in the country;
• NEF established 1300 Skill Dev: Centers in the
provinces;
• Curriculum for Adult Literacy developed and
launched.
Steps taken (cont…)
• Through 18th Constitutional Amendment under
Article 25(A) introduced free and compulsory
education of age group (5-16) as a fundamental
right;
• Provinces have launched a massive campaign
for enrollment of Out-of-School Children;
• ECE National Curriculum has been developed
and launched in the country;
• International Dev: Partners are supporting
Pakistan to achieve EFA Goals through different
Projects;
Steps taken (cont….)
• Primary Education has been made free and
textbooks are provided free of cost and in some
selected districts, incentives are provided to
disadvantaged and deserving children such as
food, nutrition and edible oil;
• In order to promote public-private partnerships,
Education Foundations have been set up in all
the four provinces;
Steps taken (cont….)
• To address Quality and Relevance some
tangible steps have been taken like enhancing
qualification of Teachers’ In-service Training,
Effective Monitoring and Supervision System,
Reforms and Assessment Examination System
and Need Based Literacy, Functional Literacy
and Skill Literacy Program planned.
• Introduction of Child-Friendly Inclusive Schools
based on CFS Standards;
MAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS
•
Terrorism in the region due to Afghan War
•
Destruction and devastation due to natural calamities,
flood and earthquake
•
Economic Difficulties and Financial Constraints
•
Lack of availability of trained and qualified teachers
•
Non-availability of teaching-learning and instructional
materials
•
Lack of adequate facilities and services for ECE
•
Poverty, illiteracy and high population growth.
16
MAJOR CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Primary schools lack physical facilities including
electricity, furniture, washrooms etc.
Lack of effective Monitoring and Evaluation System
and weak supervision.
Un-attractive
school
environment,
teacher
absenteeism and low quality of education has
resulted in poor retention and a high dropout rate.
Insufficient Political Will
Weak Organizational Infrastructure and low planning,
implementation and monitoring/evaluation capacity.
Inadequate Financing
17
THANK YOU