Presented by: Radley D. Reid
April 6, 2010
School – Complex Organization
Deals with :
- Human Resources
- Curriculum
- Communication
- Resources and Finance
- Discipline
- Record Keeping
- Guidance
 School is partially autonomous
Types of Organizations in Schools
 Individuals, Groups, Committees, Teams, Classes –
working together to produce a coordinated organization.
 Operates with a mixture of hierarchical and collegial,
skewed to collegial.
 Continuum from:
Autocratic – Paternalistic – Consultative – Democratic/ Collegial
(Tell)
(Sell)
(Involve)
(Co-determined)
 Organization affected by school size and school ethos/
culture.
 Causes of negative ethos – lack of communal
relationships, and impact of community
School as Teams within a Team
 Organizing in teams for work distribution,
management control, distribution of duties,
information gathering and processing.
 Types of Teams: HODs, Grade Supervisors, Grade
Teachers, Form Teachers, etc…
 Working Together in Teams produces greater output.
Members believe they are relevant, appropriate and
necessary.
Leadership
 More than Management
 Involves forward planning, vision, foresight, school
development planning, communication, student
needs, general administration.
 Curriculum leader, financial and resource manager.
 Leadership style very important.
 Change Agent
 All Teachers should be leaders and managers in their
own right.
Strategic and Critical Management
Points and Management Roles
Curriculum :
-
Broad and balanced
Careful selection of subjects
Appropriately Timed
Teaching styles
Student assessment
Teacher placement.
Classroom Management
Relevant to Student Needs
Human Resource Management
 Teachers – Recruitment, Training, Motivation,
Maintaining interest of students
 Right Person influences effective teaching and
learning.
 Structures must be in place to deal with existence of
vacancies to appointment followed by induction,
mentoring and appraising.
Communication
 Sharing of information – written, spoken, electronic.
 Long, medium and short term.
 Extensive in all schools
 Two way process - must be sent, received and acted
upon.
 Barriers to Communication
Record Keeping
Administrative
 Teachers’ Records
 Students’ Records
 Personal Information
 Registration
 Finance and Resources
Teachers
 Student Achievement – homework/ classwork/ tests/
exams.
Record Keeping
 Storage – manual/ electronic
 Must be valid, reliable, confidentiality maintained.
 Moving to electronic saves time, more accurate, allows
teachers more time for planning, teaching and
assessing.
Management of Resources and
Finances
 Deployment of Limited Resources
 Restriction – Government, parents contribution
 Budgeting – Appropriate distribution
 Contributions
 Fund Raising – Care, if excessive, detriment to
teaching.
 Financial Management – Decision making,
management, and accountability.
Co curricular Activities
 Expensive – sports is expensive
 Important for holistic development.
 Supply- wide range of activities
 Proper Supervision
 Proper Planning
 Effects – Increased School Spirit and Motivation
Discipline
 Good Discipline advances learning.
 Poor discipline crippling to learning.
 Importance of Rules
 Types of Rules
 Effect of Society
 Every Staff Member should be a “disciplinarian”
leading by example.
 Chain of command in dealing with discipline.
Guidance
 Career Guidance – impartional, personalized and
systematic.
 Helps in selection of subjects and choice of future
careers.
 Psychological Guidance aids good discipline.
Characteristics of an effective school
 Good leadership offering breadth of vision and the ability
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to motivate others
Appropriate delegation with involvement in policy-making
by staff other than the head
Clearly established and purposeful staffing structures
Well-qualified staff with the appropriate blend of
experience and expertise
Clear aims and associated objectives applied with care and
consistency
Effective communications and clear systems of recordkeeping and assessment
The means to identify and develop pupils’ particular
strengths, promoting high expectations by both teachers
and pupils.
Characteristics of an effective school
 A coherent curriculum which considers pupils’ experience
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as a whole and demonstrates concern for their
development within society
A positive ethos: an orderly yet relaxed working
atmosphere
A suitable working environment
Skills of deploying and managing material resources
Good relationships with parents, the local community and
sources of external support
The capacity to manage change, solve problems and to
develop organically
Organizational Structure
 Having outlined the processes, conditions,
consideration, roles and issues involved in effective
school management, duties and responsibilities can
now be easily fitted into the organizational chart
which emphasizes the team approach.
 The structure is essentially for a large school but can
be easily modified for a small school.
 It shows horizontal as well as vertical relationships for
effective management.
Suggested Organizational
Structure for Effective School Management
Suggested Organizational
Structure for Effective School Management
Suggested Organizational
Structure for Effective School Management
Organizational Structure
 Now fit the responsibilities and role as determined in
the body of the document under each position in the
organizational chart.
Position
1) Board
2) Principal
3) Vice
Principal
4) Grade Sup.
Responsibility/ Role/Duties/Function