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Communists Triumph in China
Ch. 17 Section 2
By:
Brooke Pigneri & Garrett Williams
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Civil War in China
(Internal Struggles)

Even after World War II ended, the Nationalists and Communists fought
for control over the country.

Mao Zedong – dominated northwestern China and leader for
Communists.

Jiang Jieshi – dominated southwestern China and leader for
Nationalists.

The United States sent $1.5 billion in aid to the Nationalist for the fight
against the Japanese but it ended up in the hands of corrupt officers .

They actually fought few battles against the Japanese and saved its
strength for battles against Mao’s army.

Even when the Japanese surrendered, the Nationalists and Communists
resumed their civil war.
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Civil War in China
(Involvement of the United States)

The Nationalists had an advantage as the United States provided
$2 billion more in aid.

But, Nationalists moved the Communists side because the
economy was collapsing and the Communists were better train
and they were promised return of land.

The remnants of the Nationalists fled to Taiwan and named it
National China and set up a government there while Mao
Zedong gained control of the country and named it People’s
Republic of China. The idea of having two China’s intensified the
Cold War.

His victory fueled anti-communist feelings from the U.S. as they
viewed it as another step of the communists gaining control of
the world. This grew even more when the Chinese and the
Soviets signed a treaty in 1950.
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Chinese Political Opponents
Communists
Nationalists
LEADER

Mao Zedong
AREA RULED

Northern China
FOREIGN SUPPORT

Soviet Union
DOMESTIC POLICY

National Liberation

Strong due to
promise land reform

Experienced,
motivated guerilla
army

Jiang Jieshi

Southern China

United States

Defeat of
Communists

Weak due to inflation
and failing economy
PUBLIC SUPPORT

Ineffective, corrupt
leadership, and poor
morale
MILITARY
ORGANIZATION
+ Two Chinas and the Cold War
(The Superpowers React)

The Nationalists government received aid from the U.S. in
Taiwan and the Communists received financial, military, and
technical aid from the Soviets.

Chinese and Soviets pledged to come to each other’s
defense if either country was attacked.

The U.S. responded to this by enlarging its own sphere of
influence in Asia.
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Two Chinas and the Cold War
(Communist China Continues to
Expand)

Chinese troops expanded into southern/Inner Mongolia,
Tibet, and India.

They named Mongolia an “Autonomous Area.”

Tibet became an autonomous region. When China took over
Tibet, Dalai Lama, who was the leader of the Tibetans, fled to
India. Other refugees fled to India from Tibet as well.

Therefore, resentment grew between India and China
especially when India trespassed into China’s unclear
borders.
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Transformation and Revolution
(Transformation Under Mao Zedong)

The Mao Communists moved rapidly to strengthen their rule
over China.

The Chinese Communists were highly disciplined group and
set up two parallel organizations: communist party and the
national government

Mao ruled as both chairman of the Communist party and
head of state.
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Transformation and Revolution
(Mao’s Marxist Socialism)

Mao used Marxist socialism to reshape China’s economy

80% of population lives in rural areas but no one owned much land. But
10% of the rural population controlled 70% of farmland.

Therefore, Mao divided the landlords among the peasants. He forced
them to join collective farms.

Other Chinese Communists ideas included Marxist ideas about women
and family, women being equal in the home and workplace, and
instituting state-sponsored child care.

In addition, Mao transformed industry and business and soon enough
all private companies were under government ownership.

He also launched a Five Year Plan that set high production targets for
industry and it succeeded.
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Transformation and Revolution
(Mao’s Communes)

Another ambitious program was created to expand the
success from the Five-Year Plan called the “Great Leap
Forward.”

Communes, or collective farms, were a big part of the Great
Leap Forward and the Chinese set up 26,000 communes. The
peasants had a strict life in the communes.

This Great Leap Forward proved to be a great leap backward
as it hampered growth. Crop failures unleashed a famine that
made this even worse.
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Great Leap Forward Propaganda
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Transformation and Revolution
(New Polices and Mao’s Response)

China faced external problems as well internal ones.

The alliance between the Soviet Union and China began to
fade because they both wanted to lead the worldwide
Communist movement and faced territorial disputes.

After this split and the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao
stepped down in position and the new leaders gave the
rights back to the people that Mao took away.

But, Mao disapproved of China’s new economic policies so
he launched another campaign directed toward high school
and college students. Students left their classrooms to form
militia units known as the Red Guards.
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Transformation and Revolution
(The Cultural Revolution)

The Cultural Revolution began because of the Red Guards.
The goal of the cultural Revolution was to establish a society
of peasants and workers in which all were equal.

They believed that the life of the mind was useless and
dangerous and so they shut down schools.

They had very harsh punishments and rules and this chaos
allowed civil war to seem possible. Mao realized that the
Cultural Revolution needed to end. The Red Guards stepped
down and one of the founders of the Chinese Communist
part began to restore order.
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With China struggling to become stable, the Cold War
continued to rage around the world!
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United Nations

Current United Nations Topic:


Idea of Communism Around the World:

China is still a communist country, but turning to a more
capitalist economy.

Looking at North Korea, we see a dictatorial state. Do you
think the ideas of communism or capitalism better the
international community.
Idea of the Security Council:

Should there be 5 permanent members?

Should they have veto power?

What would happen if another UNSC conflict
were to arise?
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Primary Source

Our Policies Toward Communism in China

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ul
h&AN=9798180&site=src-live
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When did the
U.S. get involved
with Asia?
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Discussion Questions
Do you think veto power
is a fair or a viable
solution?
Do you think Communist
China should have a
permanent seat in the
Security Council instead of
National China?
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Do you think the US in their
decision to not trade with
Communist China helped to
stop a potential war?
Do agree with this statement?
Do you think the US should
have accepted Communist
China or was their decision to
not recognize them justified?
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Quiz
1. When the Chinese and Soviets made an agreement that
they would come to each other’s aid when attacked, what
did the U.S. do in response?
Enlarging its own sphere of influence in Asia
2. Name one country the Chinese troops expanded into.
Southern/Inner Mongolia, Tibet, and India
3. Why did resentment grow between India and China?
India welcomed the refugees from Tibet when China invaded.
Also, India trespassed into China’s unclear borders
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Quiz (cont’)
4. When Mao transformed businesses, what did he do with
private companies?
He put them under government ownership
5. Communes played a big role in the great leap forward.
What are communes?
Collective farms
6. What did the Great Leap Forward become known for after
growth was hampered?
The Great Leap Backward
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Quiz (cont’)
7. Why did the alliance between the Soviet Union and China begin to fade?
They both wanted to lead the worldwide Communist movement and faced
territorial disputes.
8. After Mao stepped down in position what program did he launch that
was direct toward high school and college students?
Red Guards
9. What did the Red Guards program begin in China?
The Cultural Revolution
10. Who began to restore order after the cultural revolution ended?
A leader of the Chinese Communist Party
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Works Cited

Beck, Roger B., Linda Black, Larry S. Kriger, Phillip C. Naylor,
and Dahia I. Shabaka. Modern World History. Evanston:
McDougal Littell, 2003. Print.

"Our Policies Toward Communism in China." Vital Speeches
of the Day. N.p., 1 Aug. 1957. MAS Ultra - School Edition. Web.
7 May 2012.
<http://web.ebscohost.com/src/detail?sid=7c565591-082a4674-846b723c96737abf%40sessionmgr110&vid=1&hid=108&bdata=Jn
NpdGU9c3JjLWxpdmU%3d#db=ulh&AN=9798180>.
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Works Cited (pictures)
http://www.jesus-issavior.com/Evils%20in%20Government/Communism/china-flag.jpg
http://www.conservapedia.com/images/e/e6/Tibet_map.gif
http://web.mit.edu/cascon/maps/India_sm99.jpg
http://edudemic.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/us-china.jpg
http://www.mysocialstudiesteacher.com/wiki/images/9/94/Mao.jpg
http://ombactionmovies.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/chiangkaishek.jpg
http://waznmentobe.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/maozedong.jpg
http://media.photobucket.com/image/great%20leap%20forward%20pro
paganda/reverserainbowstar/Random%2520Stuff/Great%2520Leap%2520
Forward%2520Propaganda/1959/LittleBuilders1959.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ClRyWvwVy_M/TOtZ5ltiUOI/AAAAAAAABZA/
TUk9JmnxDQ8/s1600/Chinese+poster+%2528worker%2529.jpg
http://chineseposters.net/images/g2-11.jpg
http://iftf.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/great_leap_forward.jpg
http://library.thinkquest.org/26469/images/cult02.jpg
http://s4.hubimg.com/u/229151_f496.jpg
http://chinalawandpolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/UnitedNations.jpg