SSUSH 13
The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the
Progressive Era.
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Explain Upton Sinclair ’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry.
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Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements.
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Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.
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Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a Muckraker.
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Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum,
direct election of senators, reforms of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the
poor in cities.
•
Describe the conservation movement and the development of national parks and forests; include
the role of Theodore Roosevelt.
Progressive Era
Progressive Era – 1880s to 1920
• One of a long line of Reform Movements in American History – First
Great Awakening, Second Great Awakening
• women's rights /temperance movement first issues of Progressives
• Effects of Industrial Revolution issues
– Unsafe working conditions in factories
– Slum areas, ethnic ghettoes around factories
– Child labor abuses
• Farmer’s movement
– Progressives sought policies to help farmers
– declining importance of rural areas due to increasingly urbanized
America
Progressive Era
Muckrakers
• Investigative journalists or authors who exposed public
to problems in American society
• Books, articles, pictures moved federal, state, and local
governments to enact laws and regulations
Three main goals of Progressives
– remove corruption from government through laws against
political machines
– include more people in the political process
– promote belief that government must play a role to solve
social problems
Progressive Era
• Success of Progressives
– Federal Laws
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
– State and Local Progressive Reforms
Initiatives, referendums, recalls
New forms of local governments
• Failure of Progressives
– needs of blacks and Native Americans ignored
Upton Sinclair
• One of the most famous Muckrakers of the
Progressive Era
• Wrote famous book - The Jungle
– Sickened and angered Americans
– Public outrage led to two federal laws
 Meatpacking Act
 Pure Food and Drug Act.
Hull House
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Jane Addams co-founder Hull House 1889
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Chicago's first nation's most influential settlement house
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13-building complex covering a city block
– gymnasium, theater, art gallery, music school, boys' club
– auditorium, cafeteria, cooperative residence for working women
– kindergarten, nursery, libraries, post office, meeting and club rooms
– art studios, kitchen, dining room and apartments for the residential staff.
– Offered extensive social, educational, and artistic programs
• Five hundred settlements nationally by 1920.
•
Forerunner to community centers and social services work
Jim Crow
•
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Caricature black man = Jim Crow
Thomas D. "Daddy" Rice
– white musician/actor - blackened face
•
•
– sang danced in a prejudiced/stereotyped manner
– Sang song titled "Jim Crow“ most popular 1829
Jim Crow act in every traveling minstrel show
Prepared way for “Jim Crow” segregation laws
– Laws designed to humiliate African-Americans
– Laws denying social, economic, political rights
Plessy vs. Ferguson
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Supreme Court ruling in 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson
– Doctrine of “separate but equal” ruled constitutional
– encouraged the passage of Jim Crow laws in South
– Set back black rights gained during Reconstruction.
de jure racial segregation in public facilities
– states could prohibit the use of public facilities by African
Americans.
 Trains, buses, public restrooms, restaurants
 hotels, theaters, public parks
 Public schools, hospitals
 Facilities separate but never equal to those for whites
NAACP
Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v.
Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.
Muckraker
Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a Muckraker.
Ida Tarbell
Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a Muckraker.
Progressive Reforms
Describe the significance of progressive reforms
such as the initiative, recall, and referendum,
direct election of senators, reforms of labor
laws; and efforts to improve living conditions
for the poor in cities.
Teddy Roosevelt
Describe the conservation movement and the
development of national parks and forests;
include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.
Teddy Roosevelt
Describe the conservation movement and the
development of national parks and forests;
include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.
Teddy Roosevelt
Describe the conservation movement and the
development of national parks and forests;
include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.