National Education Accounts
Technical Workshop -- January 25, 2013
Sandy Oleksy-Ojikutu, USAID,
sojikutu@usaid.gov
Phyllis Forbes, Creative Associates
phyllisf@creativedc.com
What Are National Education Accounts?
• Adapted from National Health
Accounts
• Compare education expenditures to
policy directions
• All sources of funding: public,
private, donor
• Financing flow through education
system
2
NEA Answers Four Key Questions:
1. Who is financing education?
2. How much do they spend?
3. How are funds distributed to
education providers?
4. How are funds used?
3
Nigeria SEA
4
Nigeria SEA
Nigeria
•
Four States in Northern
states –Kano, Zamfara,
Bauchi and Sokoto
•
Bauchi & Sokoto: two
rounds of SEA
•
Similar cultures
•
Different priorities
•
Different expertise
+ Sub Account conducted on non-formal, Almajiri schools
5
Major Findings SEA
• Kano and Sokoto spent 29 and 26% of state
budget on education
• Zamfara and Bauchi 17-18%.
• Average per student expenditure was higher in
Sokoto than the other three states
• 50% expenditures on primary school
• About 20% private and 80% public sources 200509, Bauchi was 43% private and 56% public in
2010
6
Significance of SEA
• Automated data base helps
• “Xray” for transparency and accountability
• Ability to compare – within State or between
States
• Develop capacity of Ministry staff using evidence
for decision making
• Speaks truth to power
7
Financing Sources - Percent Public, Private,
Donor
8
State Contribution to Education Funding
Kano Zamfara Bauchi Sokoto
05/06
06/07
08/09
09/10
in Billions of Naira
Total Expenditure on Education
In State
Total Expenditure on Education
By State
Total State Expenditures
Percent Total State Expenditures
Allocated to Education
27.2
21.2
35.4
33.7
14.5
8.5
14.7
18
49.2
47.9
83.4
68.4
29%
18%
17%
9
26%
Average Expenditures:
All Students, Public School & Private School
70,000
60,000
50,000
Naira
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
ALL students
Population:
Public school
Kano 05/06 9.4m
Zamfara 06/07 3.3m
Private school
10
Comparison: Financing Sources Bauchi
Bauchi SY 08/09
Bauchi SY 10/11
World
2%
World
0%
Private
26%
Private
42%
Public
74%
Public
56%
Changes in financing sources from first SEA in SY 08/09
to second SEA in SY 0-10/11
11
Financing Sources
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Federal
State
Kano
05/06
LGA
Zamfara
06/07
Household
Bauchi
08/09
Private
Sokoto
09/10
Rest (Int'l &
donor)
12
Distribution By Sectors
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Capital
Investment
Recurrent
Personnel
Kano 05/06
Maintenance
Zamfara 06/07
Transfer
Bauchi 08/09
Recurrent
Running
Sokoto 09/10
13
Distribution to Providers: Education Level
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
preprimary
Primary
Kano 05/06
Secondary
Zamfara 06/07
Bauchi 08/09
Tertiary
Admin
Sokoto 09/10
14
Distribution to Providers: Public School & Private
Schools
15
Household Expenditures Compared Kano, Zamfara,
Bauchi and Sokoto
Total
Other
Extra Classes
School fees
Books
PTA
Uniforms
Transport
Food
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
Expenditure in Naira
Zamfara
Kano
bauchi
Sokoto
National
16
SEA: Sub Account Almajiri
• Qur’anic schools for young students, 1/3 are resident and
2/3 are fixed
• 1.6m students in Almajiri school in Kano vs. 2.m students
in formal sector schools
• 50% non resident students were girls
• Parent contribution for Almajiri (N 2,800 per Almajiri
student) slightly more than contribution to public schools
(N 2,600)
• Salaries for teachers almost same as gifts to Almajiri
(N114,143 for Imam vs. N151,145 mean primary teacher)
17
Nigeria SEA – Significant Elements
• NEA completed by State
• Supported by Nigerian TA team
• Struggle through local data
• Working groups work
• Adapted from NHA
• Data Base useful for planning
Impact of SEA in Nigeria
• Bauchi increased State input from 17% to 26%
State budget
• Zamfara reassigned teachers to rural areas and
improved schools for girls
• Kano transferred funds from construction to
maintenance to improve more schools
• Sokoto Governor initiated school inspections
USAID Experience with NEA
• USAID has funded 8
Accounts
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Morocco
Kano
Zamfara
El Salvador
Bauchi I
Sokoto I
Bauchi II
Sokoto II
• 4 Sub accounts
–
–
–
–
Kano Almajiri
Zamfara Almajiri\
Bauchi Almajiri
Sokoto Almajiri
Creative Associates has supported 11
of these studies,
RTI supported the El Salvador NEA
20
Morocco NEA – first pilot
21
Major Findings Morocco NEA
• Parent contribution (33%) – very important for future policy
changes
• Lowest quintile spent 70% non food funds on education
• Poor spent on access (transport etc.) vs. rich spent on quality
(schools and books)
• Private schools: 5% students uses 20% funds
• Decentralization of budget but not implementation
• Rural spent on sending children to school – transportation,
uniforms, food
• Urban spent on quality of education – private school, books,
tutors
USAID NEA Approach
• Built on National Health Accounts model
• Builds local capacity
• Works closely with government and stakeholders
• Institutionalization critical
• Forward Planning capacity supports
institutionalization
• Many features developed to promote more
capacity and skill transfers
23
Significant NEA Features
• Just in time training
• State to state support
• Relational Data Base, Automated matrices and graphics
• Framework Document defines blue print and reinforces
team work
• Data collectors and analysts from line offices
• Stakeholders and program directors involved
• Analytical workshop where data meets reality
• Report workshop to complete NEA
NEA Organization
Steering
Committee
Working Group
Core Data Group
• Boundaries
• Policy
• Working Group
• Data Map
• Analysis
• Final Report
• Data collection
• Validation
• Analysis
NEA Just-in-Time Training
Phase
Training
Phase 1 - Local Buy in
and organization
Orientation
Framework (boundaries)
Data mapping
Phase 2- Data
Collection
Data collection (private, public &
donor)
Data entry
Validation
Phase 3 - Analysis &
Final Report
Data analysis
Report Preparation
NEA Time Frame
Data
Collection
Framework
Final Report
Data
Validation
Orientation
Findings
Data
Analysis
Month 8
Month 6
Month 5
Month 4
Month 3
Month 2
Month 1
27
NEA Framework Document
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Overview of Education System
Key Education Concerns/Issues
NEA Explained
Boundaries & Classifications
NEA Organization
Work Plan
Data Collection Plan
Evaluation Plan
Technical Assistance Plan
NEA Data Base
ID
LGA__id
Tframe_Id
Sc_ID
Ownership_Idnew
Ownership_ID
INS_id
FS_id1
FS_id2
FS_id3
State of Zamfara
2006 (Jan - Dec)
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
Parastatal Revenue
State of Zamfara
2007 (Jan - Dec)
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
Parastatal Revenue
649 T/Mafara
State of Zamfara
2006 (Jan - Dec)
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
Parastatal Revenue
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
650 T/Mafara
State of Zamfara
2006 (Jan - Dec)
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
1Federal Govt
ETF
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
651 T/Mafara
Serial_no
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
647 T/Mafara
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
648 T/Mafara
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
State of Zamfara
2006 (Jan - Dec)
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
1Federal Govt
ETF
652 T/Mafara
State of Zamfara
2007 (Jan - Dec)
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
1Federal Govt
ETF
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
653 T/Mafara
State of Zamfara
Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
1Federal Govt
ETF
State of Zamfara
Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
SMOF
655 T/Mafara
State of Zamfara
Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
SMOF
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
656 T/Mafara
State of Zamfara
Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
SMOF
State of Zamfara
Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
SMOF
State of Zamfara
Sep.2006 to Dec. 2006
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
SMOF
State of Zamfara
Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
Parastatal Revenue
660 T/Mafara
State of Zamfara
Jan. 2007 to Aug. 2007
1Urban
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
Parastatal Revenue
415 Anka LGC
State of Zamfara
2006 (Jan - Dec)
2Rural
Public
Public
Secular
1Public Funds
2State Govt
SMOF
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
654 T/Mafara
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
657 T/Mafara
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
658 T/Mafara
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
659 T/Mafara
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic
NEA Matrix
Matrix 1: Sources of Education Financing
Financing Sources
Total
Public Funds
Private Funds
Rest of World
Other
Grand Total
27,963,967,474
7,288,754,499
1,338,173,550
111,422,847
36,702,318,370
Matrix 1.1: Sources of Education Financing detailed by Source
Financing Sources
Financing Sources
Public Funds
Federal Govt
State Govt
Local Govt
Public Funds Total
Private Funds
Household
NGO
Private Org
Faith Based
Private Funds Total
Rest of World
International NGO
International Multilateral and Bilateral
International Religious and Charitable
Rest of World Total
Other
Grand Total
Total
8,522,639,610
18,317,000,748
1,124,327,116
27,963,967,474
5,922,844,104
166,266,837
1,199,618,558
25,000
7,288,754,499
6,899,800
1,331,273,750
1,338,173,550
111,422,847
36,702,318,370