Annex B
Policies and measures by scenario
The World Energy Outlook 2013 (WEO-2013) presents projecƟons for three scenarios,
which are diīerenƟated primarily by their underlying assumpƟons about government
policies.
The Current Policies Scenario is based on the implementaƟon of the government policies
and measures that had been enacted by mid-2013.
The New Policies Scenario – our central scenario – takes into account broad policy
commitments and plans that have already been implemented to address energy-related
challenges as well as those that have been announced, even where the speciĮc measures
to implement these commitments have yet to be introduced. It assumes only cauƟous
implementaƟon of current commitments and plans.
The 450 Scenario sets out an energy pathway that is consistent with a 50% chance of
meeƟng the goal of limiƟng the increase in average global temperature to 2 ΣC compared
with pre-industrial levels. For the period to 2020, the 450 Scenario assumes more vigorous
policy acƟon to implement fully the Cancun Agreements than is assumed in the New
Policies Scenario. AŌer 2020, OECD countries and other major economies are assumed
to set economy-wide emissions targets for 2035 and beyond to collecƟvely ensure an
emissions trajectory consistent with stabilisaƟon of the greenhouse-gas concentraƟon at
450 parts per million.
© OECD/IEA, 2013
The key policies that are assumed to be adopted in each of the main scenarios of WEO-2013
are presented below, by sector and region. The policies are cumulaƟve: measures listed
under the New Policies Scenario supplement those under the Current Policies Scenario,
and measures listed under the 450 Scenario supplement those under the New Policies
Scenario. The following tables start with broad cross-cuƫng policy frameworks and are
followed by more detailed policy assumpƟons by sector as they have been adopted in this
year’s Outlook.
Annex B | Policies and measures by scenario
645
© OECD/IEA, 2013
646
Table B.1 ‫ٲ‬
Cross-cutting policy assumptions by scenario for selected regions
Current Policies Scenario
New Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
x Staggered introducƟon of CO2 prices in all countries.
OECD
x $100 billion Įnancing provided to non-OECD
countries by 2020.
United
States
x State-level renewable porƞolio standards (RPS) that
include the opƟon of using energy eĸciency as a
means of compliance.
x 17% reducƟon in greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions
by 2020 compared with 2005.
x CO2 pricing implemented from 2020.
x Regional Greenhouse Gas IniƟaƟve (RGGI):
mandatory cap-and-trade scheme covering fossilfuel power plants in nine northeast states including
recycling of revenues for energy eĸciency and
renewable energy investments.
x State-wide cap-and-trade scheme in California with
binding commitments.
x 25% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020 compared
with 1990.
Japan1
World Energy Outlook 2013 | Annexes
x CO2 pricing implemented from 2020.
European
Union
x EU-level target to reduce GHG emissions by 20% in
2020, relaƟve to 1990.
x ParƟal implementaƟon of the EU-level target to
reduce primary energy consumpƟon by 20% in 2020:
x 30% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020 compared
with 1990.
x EU Emissions Trading System.
o
x Renewables to reach a share of 20% in energy
demand in 2020.
ParƟal implementaƟon of the EU Energy
Eĸciency DirecƟve.
x Emissions Trading System strengthened in line with
the 2050 roadmap.
o
NaƟonal Energy Eĸciency AcƟon Plans.
x Full implementaƟon of the EU Energy Eĸciency
DirecƟve.
x Australia: 5% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020
compared with 2000.
x Australia: 25% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020
compared with 2000.
x New ealand: emissions trading scheme from 2010.
x New ealand: 10% cut in GHG emissions by 2020
compared with 1990.
x New ealand: 20% reducƟon in GHG emissions by
2020 compared with 1990.
x Cap-and-trade scheme from 2015 (CO2 emissions
reducƟons of 4% by 2020 compared with 2005).
x 30% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020 compared
with business-as-usual.
x 30% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020 compared
with business-as-usual.
Australia
and
New
ealand
x Australia: Clean Energy Future Package - carbon
prices through taxes/emissions trading scheme as
of mid-2015.
Korea
x Higher CO2 prices.
1
Japan is reviewing its basic policies on energy and climate change, some of which are expected to be announced by the end of 2013.
© OECD/IEA, 2013
Annex B | Policies and measures by scenario
Table B.1 ‫ٲ‬
Cross-cutting policy assumptions by scenario for selected regions (continued)
Current Policies Scenario
Non-OECD
Russia
450 Scenario
New Policies Scenario
x Fossil-fuel subsidies are phased out in countries that
already have policies in place to do so.
x Fossil-fuel subsidies are phased out within the next
ten years in all net-imporƟng countries and in netexporƟng countries where speciĮc policies have
already been announced.
x Finance for domesƟc miƟgaƟon.
x Gradual real increases in residenƟal gas and
electricity prices (1% per year) and in gas prices in
industry (1.5% per year).
x 15% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020 compared
with 1990.
x 25% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020, compared
with 1990.
x 2% per year real rise in residenƟal gas and electricity
prices.
x Quicker rise in residenƟal gas and electricity prices.
x ImplementaƟon of 2009 energy eĸciency
legislaƟon.
x Industrial gas prices reach export prices (minus taxes
and transport) in 2020.
x ParƟal implementaƟon of the 2010 energy eĸciency
state programme.
China
x ImplementaƟon of measures in the 12th Five-Year
Plan, including 17% cut in CO2 intensity by 2015 and
16% reducƟon in energy intensity by 2015 compared
with 2010.
x Fossil-fuel subsidies are phased out within the next
ten years in all net-importer and in net-exporters
by 2035.*
x CO2 pricing from 2020.
x More support for nuclear and renewables.
x Full implementaƟon of the 2010 energy eĸciency
state programme.
x 40% reducƟon in CO2 intensity compared with 2005
by 2020.
x 45% reducƟon in CO2 intensity by 2020 compared
with 2005; higher CO2 pricing.
x CO2 pricing from 2020.
x ReducƟon of local air pollutants between 2010 and
2015 (reducƟon of 8% for sulphur dioxide, 10% for
nitrogen oxides).
x Share of 15% of non-fossil fuel in total supply by
2020.
x Energy price reform including more frequent
adjustments in oil product prices and Increase in
natural gas price by 15% for non-residenƟal users.
India
x Trading of renewable energy cerƟĮcates.
x NaƟonal solar mission and naƟonal mission on
enhanced energy eĸciency.
x 20% reducƟon in CO2 intensity by 2020 compared
with 2005.
x 25% reducƟon in CO2 intensity by 2020 compared
with 2005.
x 36% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020 compared
with business-as-usual.
x 39% reducƟon in GHG emissions by 2020 compared
with business-as-usual.
x Strengthened implementaƟon of NaƟonal Energy
Eĸciency Plan.
x CO2 pricing from 2020.
x 11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012).
Brazil
x ImplementaƟon of NaƟonal Energy Eĸciency Plan.
647
*Except the Middle East where subsidisaƟon rates are assumed to decline to a maximum of 20% by 2035.
Note: Pricing of CO2 emissions is either by an emissions trading scheme (ETS) or taxes.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
B
© OECD/IEA, 2013
648
Table B.2 ‫ٲ‬
Power sector policies and measures as modelled by scenario in selected regions
Current Policies Scenario
New Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
OECD
United
States
x State-level renewable porƞolio standards (RPS)
and support for renewables prolonged over the
projecƟon period.
x Mercury and Air Toxics Standard.
x Clean Air Interstate Rule regulaƟng sulphur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides.
x LifeƟmes of most US nuclear plants extended
beyond 60 years.
x Extension and strengthening of support for
renewables and nuclear, including loan guarantees.
x CauƟous implementaƟon of carbon polluƟon
standards on new power plants.
x Shadow price of carbon assumed from 2015,
aīecƟng investment decisions in power generaƟon
capacity.
x CO2 pricing implemented from 2020.
x Extended support to renewables, nuclear and CCS.
x Eĸciency and emission standards prevenƟng
refurbishment of old ineĸcient plants.
x Full implementaƟon of the carbon polluƟon
standards on exisƟng power plants by 2030.
x Funding for CCS (demonstraƟon-scale).
Japan
x Support for renewables generaƟon.
x Decommissioning of units 1-4 of Fukushima Daiichi
nuclear power plant.
x Shadow price of carbon assumed from 2015,
aīecƟng investment decisions in power generaƟon.
x LifeƟme of nuclear power plants limited to 40 years
for plants built up to 1990 and 50 years for all
others.
World Energy Outlook 2013 | Annexes
x Increased support for renewables generaƟon.
European
Union
x Climate and Energy Package:
o Emissions Trading System.
o Support for renewables suĸcient to reach 20%
share of energy demand in 2020.
o Financial support for CCS.
x Early reƟrement of all nuclear plants in Germany by
the end of 2022.
x Removal of some barriers to combined heat and
power (CHP) plants resulƟng from the CogeneraƟon
DirecƟve 2004.
Note: CCS = carbon capture and storage.
x CO2 pricing implemented from 2020.
x Share of low-carbon electricity generaƟon to
increase by 2020 and expand further by 2030.
x Expansion of renewables support.
x IntroducƟon of CCS to coal-Įred power generaƟon.
x Extended and strengthened support to renewablesbased electricity generaƟon technologies.
x Emissions Trading System strengthened in line with
the 2050 roadmap.
x Further removal of barriers to CHP through parƟal
implementaƟon of the Energy Eĸciency DirecƟve.
x Reinforcement of government support in favour of
renewables.
x Expanded support measures for CCS.
© OECD/IEA, 2013
Annex B | Policies and measures by scenario
Table B.2 ‫ٲ‬
Power sector policies and measures as modelled by scenario in selected regions (continued)
New Policies Scenario
Current Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
Non-OECD
Russia
China
x State support to the nuclear and hydropower
sectors; a support mechanism for non-hydro
renewables introduced from 2014.
x CompeƟƟve wholesale electricity market.
x ImplementaƟon of measures in 12th Five-Year Plan.
x Start construcƟon of 40 GW of new nuclear plants
by 2015.
x 12th Five-Year Plan renewables targets for 2015 are
exceeded.
x 70 to 80 GW of nuclear capacity by 2020.
x CO2 pricing implemented from 2020.
x Stronger support for nuclear power and renewables.
x Higher CO2 pricing.
x Enhanced support for renewables.
x Reach 290 GW of installed hydro capacity by 2015.
x 200 GW of wind capacity by 2020.
x ConƟnued support to nuclear capacity addiƟons
post 2020.
x Reach 100 GW of installed wind capacity by 2015.
x 30 GW of bioenergy capacity by 2020.
x Deployment of CCS from around 2020.
x 35 GW of solar capacity by 2015.
x CO2 pricing implemented from 2020.
x Priority given to gas use to 2015.
India
x Renewable Energy CerƟĮcate trade for all eligible
grid-connected renewable-based electricity
generaƟon technologies.
x NaƟonal solar mission target of 20 GW of solar PV
capacity by 2022.
x Renewable energy support policies and targets,
including small hydro.
x Renewables (excluding large hydro) to reach 15% of
installed capacity by 2020.
x Coal-Įred power staƟons energy eĸciency
mandates.
x Expanded support to renewables, nuclear and
eĸcient coal.
x Deployment of CCS from around 2020.
x Increased use of supercriƟcal coal technology.
Brazil
x Power aucƟons for all fuel types.
x Guidance on the fuel mix from the Ten-Year Plan for
Energy Expansion.
x Enhanced deployment of renewables technologies
through power aucƟons.
x CO2 pricing implemented from 2020.
x Further increases of generaƟon from renewable
sources.
Note: CCS = carbon capture and storage.
649
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
B
© OECD/IEA, 2013
650
Table B.3 ‫ٲ‬
Transport sector policies and measures as modelled by scenario in selected regions
Current Policies Scenario
New Policies Scenario
OECD
United
States
All OECD
x CAFE standards: 35.5 miles per gallon for PLDVs by
2016, and further strengthening thereaŌer.
x CAFE standards: 54.5 miles per gallon for PLDVs
by 2025.
x On-road emission targets for PLDVs in 2035:
60 g CO2/km
x Renewables Fuel Standard.
x Renewables Fuel Standard.
x Truck standards for each model year from 2014 to
2018 reduce average on-road fuel consumpƟon by
up to 18% in 2018.
x Truck standards for each model year from 2014 to
2018 reduce average on-road fuel consumpƟon
by up to 20% in 2018, and further strengthening
thereaŌer.
x Light-commercial vehicles:
full technology spill-over from PLDVs.
x Support to natural gas in road freight.
x Increase of ethanol blending mandates.
Japan
World Energy Outlook 2013 | Annexes
European
Union
450 Scenario
x Fuel economy target for PLDVs: 16.8 kilometres per
litre (km/l) by 2015 and 20.3 km/l by 2020.
x Target share of next generaƟon vehicles 50% by
2020.
x Medium- and heavy-freight vehicles:
45% more eĸcient by 2035 than in New Policies
Scenario.
x AviaƟon:
50% eĸciency improvements by 2035 (compared
with 2010) and support for the use of biofuels.
x Other sectors (e.g. mariƟme and rail):
naƟonal policies and measures.
x Average fuel economy target for road freight
vehicles: 7.09 km/l by 2015.
x Fuels:
retail fuel prices kept at a level similar to New
Policies Scenario.
x Fiscal incenƟves for hybrid and electric vehicles;
subsidies for electric vehicles.
x AlternaƟve clean fuels:
enhanced support to alternaƟve fuels.
x CO2 emission standards for PLDVs by 2015
(130 g CO2/km through eĸciency measures,
addiƟonal 10 g CO2/km by alternaƟve fuels).
x Climate and Energy Package: Target to reach 10%
of transport energy demand in 2020 by renewable
fuels.
x Support to biofuels.
x More stringent emission target for PLDVs
(95 g CO2/km by 2020), and further strengthening
aŌer 2020.
x Emission target for LCVs (147 g CO2/km by 2020),
and further strengthening post 2020.
x Enhanced support to alternaƟve fuels.
Note: CAFE = Corporate Average Fuel Economy; PLDVs = passenger light-duty vehicles; LCV = light-commercial vehicles.
© OECD/IEA, 2013
Annex B | Policies and measures by scenario
Table B.3 ‫ٲ‬
Transport sector policies and measures as modelled by scenario in selected regions (continued)
Current Policies Scenario
New Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
Non-OECD
China
All non-OECD
x Subsidies for hybrid and electric vehicles.
x PromoƟon of fuel-eĸcient cars.
x Ethanol blending mandates 10% in selected
provinces.
x Upper threshold on PLDV sales in some ciƟes.
x Enhance infrastructure for electric vehicle in
selected ciƟes.
India
x Support for alternaƟve fuel vehicles.
x Fuel economy target for PLDVs: 6.9 l/100 km by
2015, 5.0 l/100 km by 2020.
x On-road emission targets for PLDVs in 2035:
80 g CO2/km
x Extended subsidies for purchase of alternaƟve-fuel
vehicles.
x Light-commercial vehicles:
full technology spill-over from PLDVs.
x Complete fossil fuel subsidy phase-out within the
next ten years.
x Medium- and heavy-freight vehicles:
45% more eĸcient by 2035 than in New Policies
Scenario.
x Extended support for alternaƟve-fuel vehicles.
x Proposed automobile fuel eĸciency standards to
reduce average test-cycle fuel consumpƟon by 1.3%
per year between 2010 and 2020.
x Increased uƟlisaƟon of natural gas in road
transport.
x NaƟonal Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020.
x All fossil-fuel subsidies are phased out within the
next ten years.
Brazil
x Ethanol blending mandates in road transport
between 18% and 25%.
x Increase of ethanol and biodiesel blending
mandates.
x Biodiesel blending mandate of 5%.
x Local renewable fuel targets for urban transport.
x AviaƟon:
50% eĸciency improvements by 2035 (compared
with 2010) and support for the use of biofuels.
x Other sectors (e.g. mariƟme and rail):
naƟonal policies and measures.
x Fuels:
retail fuel prices kept at a level similar to New
Policies Scenario.
x AlternaƟve clean fuels:
enhanced support to alternaƟve fuels.
x Concessions to improve port, road, rail and air
infrastructure, as per the Accelerated Growth
Programme 2011-2014.
x Long-term plan for freight transport (PNLT),
developed by the Ministry of Transport.
x NaƟonal urban mobility plan (PNMU), developed by
the Ministry of CiƟes
651
Note: PLDVs = passenger light-duty vehicles.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
B
© OECD/IEA, 2013
652
Table B.4 ‫ٲ‬
Industry sector policies and measures as modelled by scenario in selected regions
Current Policies Scenario
New Policies Scenario
OECD
United States
All OECD
x BeƩer Buildings, BeƩer Plants programme.
x Tax reducƟon and funding for eĸcient technologies.
x Energy Star Program for Industry.
x RΘD in low-carbon technologies.
x Climate Voluntary InnovaƟve Sector IniƟaƟves:
OpportuniƟes Now.
x Energy Savings and Industrial CompeƟƟveness Act.
x Boiler maximum achievable control technology rule
to impose stricter emissions limits on industrial and
commercial boilers and process heaters.
Japan
x Mandatory energy eĸciency benchmarking.
x Tax credit for investments in energy eĸciency.
x Mandatory energy management for large business
operators.
World Energy Outlook 2013 | Annexes
x Top Runner Programme seƫng minimum energy
standards, including for lighƟng, space heaƟng, and
transformers.
European
Union
450 Scenario
x Emissions Trading System.
x Eco-Design DirecƟve (including minimum standards
for electric motors, pumps, fans, compressors and
insulaƟon).
x Voluntary energy eĸciency agreements in several
countries.
x CO2 pricing introduced from 2025 at
the latest in all countries.
x InternaƟonal sectoral agreements
with energy intensity targets for iron
and steel, and cement industries.
x Enhanced energy eĸciency
standards.
x Policies to support the introducƟon
of CCS in industry.
x Maintenance and strengthening of top-end/low
carbon eĸciency standards by:
o Higher eĸciency CHP systems.
o PromoƟon of state-of-the-art technology and faster
replacement of aging equipment.
x ParƟal implementaƟon of Energy Eĸciency DirecƟve:
o Mandatory and regular energy audits for large
enterprises.
o IncenƟves for the use of energy management
systems.
o Encouragement for SMEs to undergo energy audit.
o Technical assistance and targeted informaƟon for
SMEs.
o Training programmes for auditors.
Note: RΘD = research and development; CHP = combined heat and power; CCS = carbon capture and storage.
© OECD/IEA, 2013
Annex B | Policies and measures by scenario
Table B.4 ‫ٲ‬
Industry sector policies and measures as modelled by scenario in selected regions (continued)
Current Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
New Policies Scenario
Non-OECD
Russia
All non-OECD
x CompeƟƟve wholesale electricity market price.
x Mandatory energy audits and energy management systems for
energy-intensive industries.
China
x Industrial gas prices reach the equivalent of export prices (minus
taxes and transportaƟon) in 2020.
x Very cauƟous implementaƟon of the “Energy saving and increase
of energy eĸciency for the period Ɵll 2020” programme.
x Complete phase-out of open hearth furnaces in the iron and
steel industry.
x Limited phase-out of natural gas subsidy.
x Top 10 000 energy-consuming enterprises programme.
x Contain the expansion of energy-intensive industries.
x Small plant closures and phasing out of outdated producƟon
capacity.
x CO2 pricing implemented from 2020.ParƟal implementaƟon of
reducƟon in industrial energy intensity by 21% during the 12th
Five-Year Plan period (2011-2015).
x ParƟal implementaƟon of Industrial Energy Performance
Standard.
x Full implementaƟon of Industrial Energy Performance Standard.
x Ten Key Projects.
x Mandatory adopƟon of coke dry quenching and top-pressure
turbines in new iron and steel plants / Support non-blast furnace
iron making.
x Enhanced use of energy service companies and energy
performance contracƟng.
x All fossil-fuel subsidies are phased out within the next ten years.
x Priority given to gas use to 2015 (12th Five-Year Plan).
India
x Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT) mechanism, targeƟng a 5%
reducƟon in energy use by 2015 compared with 2010 through a
trade system with plant-based eĸciency levels.
x Energy ConservaƟon Act:
o Mandatory energy audits, appointment of an energy manager
in seven energy-intensive industries.
x CO2 pricing introduced
as of 2020 in Russia,
China, Brazil and
South Africa.
x Wider hosƟng of
internaƟonal oīset
projects.
x InternaƟonal sectoral
agreements with
targets for iron and
steel, and cement
industries.
x Enhanced energy
eĸciency standards.
x Policies to support the
introducƟon of CCS in
industry.
x Further implementaƟon of NaƟonal Mission for Enhanced Energy
Eĸciency recommendaƟons including:
o Enhancement of cost-eīecƟve improvements in energy
eĸciency in energy-intensive large industries and faciliƟes
through tradable cerƟĮcates (extension of PAT).
o Financing mechanism for demand-side management
programmes.
o Development of Įscal instruments to promote energy eĸciency.
x All fossil-fuel subsidies are phased out within the next ten years.
Brazil
x PROCEL (NaƟonal Program for Energy ConversaƟon).
x ParƟal implementaƟon of the NaƟonal Energy Eĸciency Plan:
o Fiscal and tax incenƟves for industrial upgrading.
o Invest in training eĸciency.
o Encourage the use of industrial waste.
x PROESCO (Support for Energy Eĸciency Projects).
x Extension of PROESCO.
653
Note: CCS = carbon capture and storage.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
B
© OECD/IEA, 2013
654
Table B.5 ‫ٲ‬
Buildings sector policies and measures as modelled by scenario in selected regions
Current Policies Scenario
New Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
OECD
World Energy Outlook 2013 | Annexes
United
States
x AHAM-ACEEE MulƟ-Product Standards Agreement.
x Energy Star: federal tax credits for consumer energy
eĸciency; new appliance eĸciency standards.
x Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008.
x Budget proposals 2011 - insƟtute programmes to
make commercial buildings 20% more eĸcient by
2020; tax credit for renewable energy deployment.
x WeatherizaƟon program: provision of funding for
refurbishments of residenƟal buildings.
x Extensions to 2025 of tax credit for energy-eĸcient equipment
(including furnaces, boilers, air condiƟoners, air and ground source
heat pumps, water heaters and windows), and for solar PV and
solar thermal water heaters.
x Mandatory energy requirements in building codes in some states.
x IntroducƟon of the Energy Savings and Industrial CompeƟƟveness
Act of 2013 strengthening building codes, creaƟng a Įnancing
iniƟaƟve and incenƟvising the use of eĸcient motors.
x Tightening of eĸciency standards for appliances.
x Mandatory energy requirements in
building codes in all states by 2020.
x Extension of energy eĸciency
grants to end of projecƟon period.
x ero-energy buildings iniƟaƟve.
Japan
x Top-Runner Programme.
x Long-Term Outlook on Energy Supply and Demand
(2009): energy savings using demand-side
management.
x Extension of the Top Runner Programme to include windows and
insulaƟng materials; high-eĸciency lighƟng: 100% in public faciliƟes
by 2020; 100% of lighƟng stock by 2030.
x Voluntary buildings labelling; naƟonal voluntary equipment labelling
programmes.
x Net zero-energy buildings by 2030 for all new construcƟon.
x Increased introducƟon of gas and renewable energy.
x High-eĸciency lighƟng: 100% in public faciliƟes by 2020; 100% of all
lighƟng by 2030.
x Rigorous and mandatory building
energy codes for all new and
exisƟng buildings.
x Net zero-energy buildings by 2025
for all new construcƟon.
x Strengthening of high-eĸciency
lighƟng for non-public buildings.
European
Union
x Energy Performance of Buildings DirecƟve.
x Eco-Design and Energy Labelling DirecƟve.
x EU-US Energy Star Agreement: energy labelling of
appliances.
x ParƟal implementaƟon of the Energy Eĸciency DirecƟve.
x ImplementaƟon of regulaƟons for vacuum cleaners and computers
within the framework of the Ecodesign DirecƟve.
x Building energy performance requirements for new buildings
(zero-energy buildings by 2021) and for exisƟng buildings when
extensively renovated. 3% renovaƟon rate of central government
buildings.
x Mandatory energy labelling for sale or rental of all buildings and
some appliances, lighƟng and equipment.
x Further product groups in EcoDesign DirecƟve.
x Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs.
x ero-carbon footprint for all new
buildings as of 2015; enhanced
energy eĸciency in all exisƟng
buildings.
x Full implementaƟon of the Energy
Eĸciency DirecƟve.
x Accelerated phase-out of
incandescent light bulbs.
x Mandatory energy conservaƟon
standards and labelling
requirements for all equipment and
appliances, space and water heaƟng
and cooling systems by 2020.
Notes: ACEEE = American Council for an Energy-Eĸcient Economy; AHAM = AssociaƟon of Home Appliance Manufacturers.
© OECD/IEA, 2013
Annex B | Policies and measures by scenario
Table B.5 ‫ٲ‬
Buildings sector policies and measures as modelled by scenario in selected regions (continued)
Current Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
New Policies Scenario
Non-OECD
655
Russia
x ImplementaƟon of 2009
energy eĸciency legislaƟon.
x Voluntary labelling program
for electrical products.
x RestricƟon on sale of
incandescent light bulbs.
x Gradual above-inŇaƟon increase in residenƟal electricity and gas prices.
x New building codes, meter installaƟons and refurbishment programmes. InformaƟon
and awareness on energy eĸciency classes for appliances.
x Phase-out of incandescent х100 WaƩ light bulbs.
x Limited phase-out of natural gas and electricity subsidies.
x Faster liberalisaƟon of gas and electricity prices.
x Extension and reinforcement of all measures
included in the 2010 energy eĸciency state
programme; mandatory building codes by 2030
and phase-out of ineĸcient equipment and
appliances by 2030.
China
x Civil ConstrucƟon Energy
ConservaƟon Design
Standard.
x Appliance standards and
labelling programme.
x Energy eĸcient buildings to account for 30% of all new construcƟon projects by 2020.
x Civil ConstrucƟon Energy ConservaƟon Design Standard: heaƟng energy consumpƟon
per unit area of exisƟng buildings to be reduced by 65% in cold regions; 50% in hot-insummer and cold-in-winter regions compared to 1980-1981 levels. New buildings: 65%
improvement in all regions.
x Building energy codes for all buildings to improve building envelope and HVAC system
eĸciencies in place (applies to cold climate zones); mandatory codes for all new large
residenƟal buildings in big ciƟes.
x Energy Price Policy (reform heaƟng price to be based on actual consumpƟon, rather
than on living area supplied).
x Mandatory energy eĸciency labels for appliances and equipment.
x Labelling mandatory for new, large commercial and governmental buildings in big ciƟes.
x IntroducƟon of energy standards for new buildings Θ refurbishment of exisƟng dwellings.
x Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs producƟon over the next ten years.
x All fossil-fuel subsidies are phased out within the next ten years.
x More stringent implementaƟon of Civil
ConstrucƟon Energy ConservaƟon Design
Standard.
x Mandatory energy eĸciency labels for all
appliances and also for building shell.
x Faster Energy Price Policy reform to set stronger
incenƟves for energy savings.
x ParƟal ImplementaƟon of the Building
ConservaƟon Plan, which foresees that 95% of
new buildings achieve savings of 55%- 65% in
space heaƟng compared to 1980, depending on
the climate zone.
India
x Measures under naƟonal
solar mission.
x Energy ConservaƟon
Building Code 2007, with
voluntary requirements for
commercial and residenƟal
buildings.
x Mandatory standards and labels for room air condiƟoners and refrigerators, voluntary
for Įve other products. (More stringent minimum energy performance standards for
air condiƟoners).
x Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs by 2020.
x Voluntary Star RaƟngs for the services sector.
x NaƟonal AcƟon Plan in Climate Change: Measures concerning building sector in the
NaƟonal Mission on Enhanced Energy Eĸciency.
x Energy ConservaƟon in Building Code made mandatory in eight states and applies
among others to building envelope, lighƟng and hot water.
x All fossil-fuel subsidies are phased out within the next ten years.
x Mandatory energy conservaƟon standards and
labelling requirements for all equipment and
appliances by 2025.
x Increased penetraƟon of energy eĸcient
lighƟng.
Brazil
x Labelling programme for
household goods, public
buildings equipment.
x ImplementaƟon of NaƟonal Energy Eĸciency Plan.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
B