Urbanization, and
Industrialization
What You Need to Know
Urbanization and the Growth of
Cities (VUS.8a)

Industrial growth led
to urbanization and
the rise of large cities
such as Chicago,
New York, Detroit,
and Pittsburgh.
Urbanization and the Growth of
Cities (VUS.8a)


Cities served as
manufacturing and
transportation
centers.
Factories provided
jobs – long hours,
low pay, dangerous
working conditions
(ex. - Triangle
Shirtwaiste Fire).
Urbanization and the Growth of
Cities (VUS.8a)

Workers families lived in crowded
tenements and slums.
Urbanization and the Growth of
Cities (VUS.8a)
The Cliff Dwellers, by
George Bellows
illustrates tenement
life in New York
Urbanization and the Growth of
Cities (VUS.8a)

Urbanization led to new public services
such as sewage and water treatment
systems and subways.
Jacob Riis, Children
sleeping
in Mulberry Street (1890)
Admission of New States (VUS.8a)


As the population moved westward new
states were added in the Great Plains
and Rocky Mountains.
All of the lower 48 states had been
added by the early 20th century (“closing
of the frontier”).
Industrialization (VUS.8b)

Technological change spurred the
growth of industry primarily in northern
cities.
• Corporation (limited individual liability)
• Bessemer process (steel)
• Light bulb and electricity (Thomas Edison)
• Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell)
• Airplane (Wright Brothers)
• Assembly line manufacturing (Henry Ford)
Industrialization (VUS.8b)
• Light bulb and electricity (Thomas Edison)
Industrialization (VUS.8b)
• Airplane (Wright Brothers)
Industrialization (VUS.8b)
• Assembly line manufacturing (Henry Ford)
Industrialization (VUS.8b)


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Industrial leaders and the growth of
monopolies and trusts:
Andrew Carnegie (steel)
J.P. Morgan (finance)
John D. Rockefeller (oil)
Cornelius Vanderbilt (railroads)
Andrew Carnegie
Industrialization (VUS.8b)



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

Reasons for Industrialization and Economic
Growth
Government policies based on laissez-faire
capitalism
Monopolies and trusts (vertical/horizontal integration)
Special considerations – e.g. land grants to railroads
Increasing labor supply (immigration)
Natural resources – coal, iron ore, petroleum – and
navigable rivers
Industrialization (VUS.8b)

And that is what you need to know!
The Monopoly Man!