Material Handling
Material Handling
Material handling equipment: all
equipment that relates to the movement,
storage, control and protection of
materials, goods and products.
• Man lifts
• Forklifts
• Bulk material handlers
Material Handling
• Before using any type of equipment it is
required that you be trained on that type of
equipment.
• A pre-operation inspection shall also be
conducted before starting the equipment.
Material Handling
Pre-Operation Inspection items:
• Fluids
• Leaks or cracks in hoses and mast
chains
• Tire condition
• Load backrest extension
Material Handling
Pre-Operation Inspection items:
• Finger guards
• Decals and nameplates (must be
legible)
• Operator manual (must be legible)
• Seat belt
Material Handling
Operational Inspection
(with engine running):
• Accelerator linkage
• Inch control (if equipped)
• Brakes
• Steering
• Drive & tilt controls
• Horns, lights, backup alarm, and hour
meter
Material Handling
• Any powered industrial truck not in safe
operating condition shall be removed from
service. All repairs shall be made by
authorized personnel.
(29 CFR 1910.178 (q)(1))
• Defects when found must be immediately
reported and corrected.
(29 CFR 1910.178 (q)(1))
Material Handling
• Scheduled maintenance is critical to the safe
operation of your vehicle.
• Never operate a piece of equipment requiring
maintenance.
Material Handling
• Cranes: A lifting machine, generally
equipped with a winder or wire rope drum,
wire ropes or chains and sheaves that can
be used to lift and lower materials and to
move horizontally.
Material Handling
Types of cranes:
• Truck mounted
• Side-lift
• Rough terrain
• All terrain
• Crawler crane
Material Handling
• Rigging: The equipment and method used in
lifting, pulling, or tying down an object.
• Always make sure to use the proper chain
grade specifically for rigging.
Material Handling
• Tag Lines: Lines to keep you out of the line
of fire.
Material Handling
Cheater Bar / Pipe
• An improvised breaker bar made from
pipe and a wrench.
• Used to free items that are hard to remove
with a ratchet or wrench alone or to
operate valves.
Material Handling
Problems in using cheater bar/pipe:
• If the component frees suddenly the
worker can become a projectile that is
propelled.
• The cheater bar itself can become part of a
catapult with the worker in the line of fire.
• Use of such items can damage the
component.
• Falls, impacts, punctures and other injuries
can occur from improper use.
Material Handling
Back Injury Prevention
• The back is critical in daily operations. It is
used in every aspect of life.
• After suffering one back injury, you are
much more likely to experience another
one later on.
• More than 1 million workers suffer back
injuries each year, accounting for 1/5 of all
workplace injuries or illnesses.
Material Handling
Why back injuries occur:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Poor physical condition
Poor posture
Extra weight
Stress
Heavy lifting
Twisting at the waist while lifting
Lifting, carrying or working in odd
positions
• Sitting or standing too long in one position
Material Handling
• If lifted correctly it takes
10 lbs. of pressure to lift
a 10 lb. object.
• When you add in the 105
lbs. of an average
human’s upper torso,
lifting a 10 lb. object
puts 1,150 lbs. of
pressure on the human
back.
Material Handling
Alternatives to Lifting
• Use cranes, hoists and lift tables
• Place objects up off the floor or ground
• Raise/lower work surfaces when possible
• Use carts and dollies to move objects
• Get a partner to help you lift
• Reduce the amount of weight lifted
Material Handling
Proper Lifting Techniques
• Bend your knees
• Take a balanced stance
• Squat down to lift, keeping your heels off
the floor.
Material Handling
Proper Lifting Techniques
• Get a firm grip on the load.
• Lift gradually keeping the load close to
your body.
• Change directions by pointing your feet in
the direction you want to go.
Material Handling
Proper Lifting Techniques
• Avoid twisting at your waist while carrying
a load.
• When you put a load down, use these same
guidelines in reverse.
Review
Walking-Working Surfaces
Walking-Working Surfaces
• Slips, trips and falls can happen in any part
of the workplace, inside or outdoors.
• Slips and trips often result in falls and more
serious outcomes, including disabling
injuries and even death.
• The cost to both worker and
employer can be great.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Contributing factors:
• Poor housekeeping
• Poor guarding of hazards
• Lack of general knowledge
Walking-Working Surfaces
• It is important to remember that fall
protection must be worn at OSHA’s
required heights.
• The fall protection used will depend on
the job.
• Full body harness and lanyards are
examples.
• Fall protection training will be provided
for those employees required to use it.
Walking-Working Surfaces
General Requirements:
• Employees must be extremely cautious
when working near and around:
• Floor and wall openings
• Stairways
• Platforms
• Ladders and scaffolds
• All elevated work areas
Walking-Working Surfaces
General Requirements:
• Always use handrails.
• Avoid ascending and
descending any
climbing surface with
awkward loads or
without handrails.
Walking-Working Surfaces
General Requirements:
• Always have adequate lighting.
• Always wear fall protection when
required.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Dropped Objects:
 Provide Adequate Warning:
 If you are going to do work overhead
warn those in the area:
 Verbally
 With signs
 Ropes
 Barricades
Walking-Working Surfaces
Dropped Objects:
• Secure the Load:
• Make sure the load is balanced.
• Use restraints such as nylon
strapping bands to secure overhead
objects.
• Ensure guard rails and toe boards are
in place on scaffolds or platforms.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Dropped Objects:
• Guarding:
• Cover all floor openings, wall
openings and holes to prevent
tripping, falling or loss of tools.
• Every open-sided floor or platform 4
feet or more above the adjacent floor
or ground must be guarded.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Guarding:
• Do not use barricade tape or flagging as a
temporary railing or fall restraint.
• Never leave a floor opening unprotected.
• Covers and/or guardrails must be
provided to protect employees from
hazards.
• While the cover is not in place, the
opening must be constantly attended.
Walking-Working Surfaces
When we are talking about holes and
openings, the following criteria is used:
• Floor Hole: opening less than 12
inches but more than 1 inch.
• Floor Opening: Opening larger than
12 inches.
Walking-Working Surfaces
DO
Housekeeping
• Keep aisles, walkways,
stairways and escape
routes free of clutter.
• Clean up spills
immediately.
• Prevent oil
accumulation on
floors.
• Pick up trash.
• Return tools and parts
to their proper areas.
• Keep tools and
materials away from
edges of platform.
• Stack tools on a flat
surfaces; cross-tie
them or cover them to
keep in place.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Housekeeping
DON’T
• Leave spills for
someone else to clean
up.
• Allow oil to build up on
surfaces.
• Allow trash to collect
in corners, under
machinery or other out
of the way places.
• Assume someone else
sees the hazard.
• Lay tools and other
materials close to
edges, on railings or
sills.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Scaffold:
• If you suspect a scaffold is not safe,
contact your supervisor before
beginning work.
• Scaffold must be inspected and have
a tag in place – tag is good for 60
days.
• Scaffolds over 4 feet must have
railing to protect workers.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Scaffold cont.:
• Scaffolds over 6 feet must have toe
boards and bracing.
• Employees shall not work on
scaffolds during storms and high
winds.
• Slippery conditions, including ice and
snow must be eliminated as soon as
possible after they occur.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Ladders:
• The main hazard when
using a ladder is falling.
• Ladders must be
inspected before each
use.
• Any ladder found to
have defects must be
repaired or tagged for
destruction.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Ladders cont.:
• Maintain ladders in good
condition at all times.
• Ladders used to gain
access to roofs must
extend no less than 3 feet
from the point of support.
• Do not use make-shift
ladders.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Ladders cont.:
• Never use a ladder in the horizontal
position as a work platform.
• Do not leave ladder unattended.
• Do not use ladders in front of unlocked,
unguarded doors or in high traffic areas.
• Always face a ladder when climbing up or
down.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Ladders cont.:
• Carry tools in a tool belt.
• Keep your body centered on the
ladder – use the “belt buckle” rule.
• Do not use metal ladders near electrical
equipment.
• One person at a time on a ladder unless
specifically designed for more.
Walking-Working Surfaces
Ladders cont.:
• Keep ladders free and
clean from grease.
• Never use a defective
ladder.
• Portable ladders must
have non-slip feet.
• Maintain a 4 to 1 ratio for
the angle of the ladder.
Review
Occupational Health
Occupational Health
• Occupational health hazards are a part
of working in our industry.
• Through training, knowledge and an
understanding of the hazards, we can
work safely in these environments.
Occupational Health- Lead
• Lead is a poisonous, bluish white, metallic
element use mostly in combination with
other materials.
• Pipes, cable sheaths, batteries, bullets,
paint, gasoline and solder.
• In certain doses, lead can be a toxic
substance when absorbed into your body.
Occupational Health- Lead
Typical work activities which may
generate lead exposure:
• Welding
• Buffing
• Grinding
• Torch cutting
• Sand blasting on coated
surfaces
Occupational Health- Lead
• Lead can enter the body through
inhalation or ingestion.
• Symptoms of over-exposure:
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Anemia
• Irritability
• Muscle and joint pain
• Stomach cramps
Occupational Health- Benzene
• Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon
that occurs naturally in petroleum crude
oils and natural gas condensates.
• Benzene concentrations are usually
greater in lighter crude oils and
condensates.
• Under normal operating conditions,
benzene should not be present in
hazardous airborne concentrations.
Occupational Health- Benzene
Acute health effects:
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Respiratory irritation
Chronic health effects:
• Cancer of the blood forming organs
(leukemia).
Occupational Health- Benzene
Benzene can be detected by:
 Odor – aromatic, slightly sweet odor.
 Physical symptoms – acute and chronic
health effects.
 Gas monitor – fixed monitor or personal.
If you suspect a benzene spill or leak,
vacate the area immediately and notify
the appropriate personnel.
Occupational Health- Carbon Dioxide
• Carbon Dioxide gas is formed from the
combination of two elements: carbon and
oxygen.
• It is produced from the fermentation of
liquids and breathing by humans and
animals.
• It cannot sustain life.
Occupational Health- Naturally
Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)
• NORM is a broad group of radioactive
substances found naturally in our
environment.
• Crude oil, natural gas, and other substances
extracted from the ground may be found to
possess measurable levels of radioactivity.
• Exposure occurs when the radioactive
materials become airborne.
Occupational Health- NORM
• The primary hazard is not the exposure to
NORM but when these materials are taken
into the body through:
• Breathing
• Eating
• Open cuts and wounds
Occupational Health-Fibers
(Man-made & Asbestos)
• 29 CFR 1910.1001 indicates that all affected
personnel shall be trained in a way to ensure
the employee’s understanding.
• Asbestos is mainly used in fiber form.
• Employees will be taught how to use
respiratory protection if working in exposure
areas.
Occupational Health-Fibers
(Man-made & Asbestos)
• A medical surveillance program will be activated if
exposure to airborne concentrations of fibers or
asbestos are at or above the action level and/or
excursion limit.
• Examinations will be performed by a licensed
physician and shall include a medical work history
and complete physical exam of all systems.
Occupational Health-Fibers
(Man-made & Asbestos)
• Air samples will be taken in the breathing
zone where action level and/or excursion
limits are reached.
Occupational Health-Organic Solvents
• Solvents are substances that are capable
of dissolving or dispersing one or more
other substances.
• Many organic solvents are recognized by
NIOSH as carcinogens (benzene, carbon
tetrachloride, trichloroethylene).
Occupational Health-Organic Solvents
Some examples and their uses:
• Methane – Industrial settings.
• Toluene – Paint, fuel oil, cleaning
agents, lacquers, and paint
thinners.
• 1,1,1 – Trichloroethane (methyl
chloroform) – Degreaser and
propellant.
Occupational Health-Organic Solvents
• Avoid breathing in vapors
• Ventilate the area well.
• Wear rubber gloves when using solvents.
• Wash solvents from skin immediately after
use.
Occupational Health-Mercury and
Diethanolamine
Mercury
• Found in wastewater from oil and gas
production.
• Mercury can enter the body through the
lungs, skin and through the digestive
system.
Diethanolamine
• Purifies gases, particularly natural gas.
• Clear, colorless or pale yellow liquid.
Occupational Health-Hexavalent
Chromium
• Yellowish-green liquid.
• Recognized as a human carcinogen.
• Problematic among workers who handle
chromate products and those who arc weld
stainless steel.
Occupational Health-Methanol
• Most commonly produced from the
methane component in natural gas.
• Volatile
• Colorless
• Highly flammable
• Distinct odor slightly sweeter than
ethanol
• Burns with a clear flame
Occupational Health-Nitrogen Gas (N2)
Effective alternative used to frac shallow
wells.
• Normally colorless
• Odorless
• Tasteless
• Non-metal gas
Occupational Health-Insect Bites
• Stings and bites from insets are common,
usually resulting in redness and swelling
of the area.
• Occasionally a sting can cause a life
threatening reaction if you are allergic to
the insect or are bitten multiple times.
Occupational Health-Insect Bites
• Symptoms may include:
•
Pain
•
Swelling
•
Redness
•
Itching
•
Anaphylaxis
Occupational Health-Insect Bites
• You can minimize your exposure to insect
bites by changing your patterns of activity or
behavior.
• Avoid outdoor activity during dawn and
dusk periods if possible.
• Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants
and hats.
• Use insect repellants – apply to
clothing, shoes and other gear.
Occupational Health-Insect Bites
Anaphylaxis
A severe reaction beyond the immediate
area of a sting if you are allergic.
• Symptoms may include:
• Hives
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Unconsciousness
• Possible death
Occupational Health-Staph
• Staph symptoms may vary depending on the
location and severity of the infection.
• Skin infections may be passed from one
family member to another. It is important to
not share clothing, towels or other similar
items.
• Staph can survive:
• Drying
• Temperature extremes
• High levels of salt
Occupational Health-Staph
Prevention
• Wash your hands
• Keep wounds covered
• Keep personal items personal
Do your part to keep YOU healthy.
Review
Environmental Awareness
Environmental Awareness
• The primary goal of the well site owner, well
owner/operator, and well service contractors
is to provide a safe and clean work site.
• An environmentally safe work site relates to
proper containment of solid, liquid and
gaseous hazardous materials.
• Failure to contain hazardous materials may
expose the company and its employees to
serious civil and criminal penalties, as well
as adverse publicity.
Environmental Awareness
• Federal regulation requires discharges in
quantities that may be harmful to public
health or the environment be reported
immediately.
• Each state can then mandate more
stringent guidelines if desired.
Environmental Awareness
• Practicing all designated procedures and
rules will insure compliance with all
environmental laws and regulations.
• All employees are to be aware of their
responsibility to maintain a safe
environment as a condition of employment.
Environmental Awareness
HAZWOPER Incidents
• A HAZWOPER situation may occur when
an uncontrolled amount of gas or oil
flows from a well bore and is not
contained on the well site; or,
• A fire presents an explosive hazard or
when gas is released which requires
special attention by specially trained
personnel.
Environmental Awareness
• The company supervisor will arrange for
HAZWOPER trained personnel to handle a
specific situation.
• Personnel who are not trained to handle
HAZWOPER situations are to follow the
direction of their supervisor regarding
their responsibility on site.
Environmental Awareness
Environmental Safety Procedure
• Signs are to be posted designating
hazardous and flammable materials.
• Valves and discharge devices are to
be quick, self-closing when placed on
containers.
• All waste materials must go in specific
containers meant to hold that type of
waste.
Environmental Awareness
•
Only approved containers are to be used to
store hazardous materials or flammable
liquids.
•
All tanks, containers, and vessels are to be
marked to indicated contents.
Environmental Awareness
•
Used cleaning rags and combustible waste are
to be stored outside in a metal container and
kept to a minimum.
•
Rig floors and well cellars are to be kept free
from water, oils, and other contaminated
waste.
Environmental Awareness
•
All spills of hazardous materials are to be
cleaned up immediately, if the employee is
trained or authorized.
•
Proper personal protective equipment is to
be used when handling hazardous waste.
Environmental Awareness
•
All lines connecting tank trucks, vessels
and pumping equipment to the well head
or other storage containers are to be
equipped with a check valve.
•
Cease operation immediately if a rupture
or leak occurs.
Environmental Awareness
•
Catch pans should be used
when running rods or
tubing to prevent oil spill
onto the well site.
•
Minimize waste to reduce
the amount of hazardous
material that permanently
leaves the production
process as waste.
Environmental Awareness
•
The rig site is to be kept clean of all trash
during the period you are on the well
location.
Review