Quick Facts about the Ocean
 Our Planet is made up of
70% water.
 There Is
326,000,000,000,000,000,0
00 gallons (326 million
trillion gallons of water
on the earth
 96% of water on the earth is
ocean water
 Fourteen billion pounds of
garbage, mostly plastic, is
dumped into the ocean
every year
Facts on Ocean Pollution
 Over 80% of the pollution in
the ocean is runoff from the
Land
 Almost 90% of all floating
materials in the ocean are
plastic
 Marine debris, especially plastic,
kills more than one million
seabirds and 100,000 mammals
and sea turtles every year
 Dead Zones which are areas of
oxygen deficient water were life
ceases to exist, have increased
drastically over the past decade.
 Polluted by toxins
Polluted by garbage
Types Of Pollution
Oil Spills
Sewage Pipes
Fertilizers
Chemicals
Garbage Oceans
Plastic in Oceans
Oil Spills
 Oil spills have huge and immediate economic, social, and environmental
impacts.
Local people lose their livelihoods as fisheries and tourism areas are
temporarily closed; the clean up costs are enormous; and tens of thousands of
marine animals and plants are killed or harmed.
And the damage goes on. The chemicals used to break up the oil can be toxic,
and it's impossible to remove all the spilled oil. Even after an area has been
cleaned up, it can take a decade or more to fully recover.
There's also the problem of the oil that goes down with the ship, which can
contaminate the seabed and marine organisms.
This oil can also resurface. In 2001, a cyclone off the island of Yap in Micronesia
disturbed the oil tanker USS Mississinewa, which was sunk during World War
II. For two months, thousands of liters of oil and gasoline leaked out of the
rusted ship wreck onto the beaches of the atoll, stopping the 700 islanders from
fishing. There are hundreds of other shipwrecked tankers around the world.
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Out Side information on Oil Spills
 http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML
/peril_oil_pollution.html
 http://www.noaawatch.gov/themes/oilspill.php
 http://ocean.si.edu/gulf-oil-spill
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Fertilizers
 Fertilizers that runoff from farms and lawns is a huge
problem for coastal areas. The extra nutrients cause
Eutrophication.
 The run off kills the Algae which depletes the water's
dissolved oxygen and suffocate other marine life.
 Eutrophication is the addition of artificial or natural
substances, such as nitrates and phosphates,
through fertilizers or sewage, to an aquatic system.
Eutrophication has created enormous dead zones in
several parts of the world, including the Gulf of
Mexico and the Baltic Sea
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Outside information on Fertilizers
 http://www.organicconsumers.org/corp/oceans101104.
cfm
 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=oc
eanic-dead-zones-spread
 http://pubs.acs.org/cen/science/86/8613sci1.html
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Sewage Pipes
In many parts of the world,
sewage flows untreated, or undertreated, into the ocean. For
example, 80% of urban sewage
discharged into
the Mediterranean Sea is
untreated.
This sewage can also lead to
eutrophication. In addition, it can
cause human disease and lead to
beach closures.
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Outside information on Sewage Pipes
 http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-11-01/health/fl-
waste-outfall-broward-20101025_1_sewage-bills-reefrescue-water-shortage
 http://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/04/us/sewage-pipe-
bursts-in-mexico-fouling-beaches-in-san-diego.html
 http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/04/23/us-usa-
florida-pollution-idUSN2230092520080423
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Chemicals
Chemicals accumulate in organisms, becoming
concentrated in their bodies and in the
surrounding water or soil. These animals are in
turn eaten by larger animals, which can travel
large distances with an increased chemical load.
People become contaminated either directly from
household products or by eating contaminated
seafood and animal fats.
Evidence is mounting that a number of manmade chemicals can cause serious health
problems - including cancer, damage to the
immune system, behavioral problems, and
reduced fertility.
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Outside information on Chemical Toxins
 http://www.seaweb.org/resources/briefings/toxic.php
 http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML
/peril_toxins.html
 http://www.cleanoceanaction.org/index.php?id=117
 http://org2.democracyinaction.org/o/6122/p/dia/actio
n/public/?action_KEY=4342
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Garbage Dump
There are several garbage oceans
across the world but the biggest as
large as the size of Texas is the
Great Pacific Garbage Dump.
These Dumps Can be dangerous to
out animal wildlife and eventually
effect our fish that we would eat in
that area.
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Information on Garbage Dump
 http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/ear
th/oceanography/great-pacific-garbage-patch.htm
 http://discovermagazine.com/2008/jul/10-the-worlds-
largest-dump
 http://www.ecology.com/2008/08/14/pacific-plastic-
waste-dump/
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Plastic
Unlike most other trash, plastic
isn't biodegradable Sunlight does
eventually break down the plastic,
reducing it to smaller and smaller
pieces, but that just makes matters
worse. The plastic still never goes away,
it just becomes microscopic and may
be eaten by tiny marine organisms,
entering the food chain.
The world produced 300 billion pounds
of plastic each year, about 10% ends up
in the ocean, 70% of which eventually
sinks
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Outside information on Plastic
 http://www.savemyoceans.com/plastics.php
 http://www.plasticoceans.net/
 http://www.whoi.edu/science/B/people/kamaral/plast
icsarticle.html
 http://www.seeturtles.org/1128/ocean-plastic.html
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Prior to doing all the
assignments READ
through ALL types of
Pollutants toxins and
garbage or you will be
unable to complete
all the assignments
Assignment Number One
 Pick one of the four pollutants
by toxins discussed in this
PowerPoint. Write a three page
reflection with at least one of
the sources provided in this
PowerPoint including at least
two outside sources.
Assignment Number Two
 The topic of garbage pollution is a
fairly recent event. The problem of
dumping in the ocean has only arrived
in the past 60 years . Research the
information on the Pacific Garbage
Patch and pair up with a partner of
your choice. Discuss the negatives of
the Garbage Patch and prepare a 7
minute presentation on alternatives to
try and prevent the dumping of
materials into the oceans.
Assignment Number Three
 You are now President of the United States and the
date is March 25th 1989 one day after the Exxon Valdez
crisis. Write a speech to the American people
describing the events that have transpired and the
potential aftermath of this oil spill. Propose a bill to
congress to address our procedures, response time and
contingency plans on both the state and federal level
when faced with another pollution crisis. Use this site
below and additional sites for information on the
Exxon Valdez Crisis.
 http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/learning/exxon
.htm
Assignment Number Four
 I am going to divide the class randomly into six groups.
Each group will represent one of the pollutants that
have been discussed in this PowerPoint. Your goal as a
group is to convince me and your peers that your
pollution is the most dangerous type of pollutant we
have effecting our oceans. Use sources provided in this
PowerPoint as well as outside sources. Short You Tube
clips under two minutes are also welcome.