Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Government of India
GRIHA
&
Solar Passive Architecture/Renewables
R S Prasad, Consultant, ADaRSH
What is a Green Building?
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A green building is a building which provide comfortable
living and working conditions to its occupants while
minimizing its detrimental impact on the environment.
Difference between Energy Efficient and Green
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An Energy Efficient building will only conserve energy as
compared to other buildings
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A Green Building will
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conserve energy;
conserve water;
conserve the landscape;
reduce waste generation;
adopt recycling and reuse of materials; and
use low-energy materials
Green building design calls for:
integrated and coordinated design approach
….in planning, design, construction and
management
What is GRIHA?
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation
of a green building ,and in turn ….measure
“greenness” of a building in India
What gets measured gets managed
Highlights
Set of 34 criteria
100 (+4 innovation points)
point system with differential
weightage on various criteria
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51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81- 90
91- 100
Weightage based on our National Priorities
GRIHA innovation points over and above 100 points
Key highlights of GRIHA
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Sets out guidelines for design, construction and
operation
Combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria
Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like,
energy and water
Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on
architecture with present day technology
Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards(e.g
National building code 2005, Energy Conservation
Building Code 2007, IS codes)
Is in complete alignment with government policies and
programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF)
Key highlights of GRIHA
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Building types
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Commercial
Residential
Institutional
5 climatic zones
 Hot – Dry
 Warm – Humid
 Composite
 Temperate
 Cold
Salient features
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30-40% reduction in operation cost with negligible impact on
project cost.
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A simple inclusive single window process from Design to Rating
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Inclusive process with high degree of hand holding from ADaRSH
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Only rating system that exclusively covers ventilated, air
conditioned and non-air conditioned buildings/campuses
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140 projects with about 7 million square metres registered with
GRIHA
GRIHA Compliant Building: Beyond ECBC
ECBC Compliance:
37%
•Insulation
•High Performance glass
•Controls
•Efficient electrical , mechanical and
lighting systems
Incremental cost: 15%
Payback period < 5 years
45%
GRIHA Compliance:
kWhr/yr
•ECBC +
•Passive principles (shading,
orientation, controlled glass area)
•Higher indoor design conditions
(higher by 1 deg C)
•Optimized lighting design
No further incremental cost
Payback period: < 4 years
Designing a green building!
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By adopting the integrated design approach such that the
client, architect, engineers, and consultants design the
building in a coordinated manner with a common goal –
sustainability.
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By optimizing site conditions (trees, water bodies, windflow,
orientation, etc.) and retain them to cater to the local thermal /
visual comfort requirements of the building
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By adopting sound architectural practices and taking
examples from India’s traditional architecture
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By following India’s national codes and standards
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By designing precisely-sized energy systems and not basing
them on broad thumb-rules
Designing a green building! (Continued…)
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By following regional development plans (such as the UDPFI
guidelines, master plans) and local building by-laws
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By adopting locally available construction materials and
giving impetus to local arts, crafts, architecture and artisans
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By reducing the resource consumption of the building and its
inhabitants so that the waste generating there-from is reduced
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By adopting energy efficient technologies (EETs) and
equipment
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By adopting renewable energy technology (RETs) applications
to reduce the demand on conventional energy
GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment
GRIHA attempts to minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste
generation, and overall ecological/ environmental impact by consistent
with nationally acceptable limits / benchmarks.
It does so using the five ‘R’ philosophy of sustainable development,
namely
– to blindly adopt international trends, materials, technologies, products,
etc. Specially in areas where local substitutes/equivalents are available
Reduce – the dependence on high energy products, systems, processes, etc.
Reuse – materials, products, traditional technologies, so as to reduce the costs
incurred in designing buildings as well as in operating them
Recycle – all possible wastes generated from the building site, during
construction, operation and demolition
Reinvent – engineering systems, designs, and practices such that India creates
global examples that the world can follow rather than us following international
examples
Refuse
Why should you get your building rates?
Some of the benefits of a green design to a building owner,
user, and the society as a whole are as follows:
Reduced
energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort
levels (lower operational costs)
Reduced water consumption
Reduced system sizes (HVAC, transformers, cabling, etc.) for
optimal performance at local conditions.
Reduced investment (Lifecycle costs)
Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity,
and reduced soil loss from erosion etc.
Reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefits)
Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuse
Reduced pollution loads
Increased user productivity
Enhanced image and marketability
Passive Solar Architecture
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Is the design of buildings whose orientation, forms,
shading, materials, fenestration(window/door openings)
and site planning enable the structure to naturally store
thermal energy from the sun and/or cool the structure by
shielding it from the sun rays and causing on unassisted
air flow.
Mankind has been using passive solar majors since time
immemorial. The traditional buildings in India bear
testimony to it.
Passive solar techniques are as varied as architecture
itself and depend upon the climatic regions.
Can buildings adopt traditional design
principles and yet appear contemporary?
IRRAD complex Source: Ashok Lall
Architects
Pearl Fashion Academy
Architects:
Morphogenesis
http://img248.imageshack.us/i/pearlacademyfashion1mp0.jpg/
http://img248.imageshack.us/i/pearlacademyfashion1mp0.jpg/
http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2009/09/pearl-academy-by-morphogenesis-17.jpg
Design to reduce conventional energy demand
(Based on principles of solar passive design)
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Conventional ‘adopt
international design’
Phenomena
More buildings are being
built out of glass these days
Lack of sound design keeps
the visual comfort low (high
glare conditions, excess
heat ingress, etc.)
Most occupants keep their
curtains closed in glass
buildings and use artificial
lighting all day long.
Thereby adding to the
overall energy consumption
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GRIHA approach
The design is optimized to
allow maximum natural light
in, while eliminating glare
Sound shading strategies
ensure no direct solar
radiation is allowed into
occupied spaces during
summers (and vice versa in
winters) Also,
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Appropriate planning that
reflects climate
responsiveness
Adequate day lighting
provided
Over and under-design of
lighting system is avoided
Climate-responsive design strategies
As per the climatic classification of National Building Code-2005,
though India has a large variety of climate types, it is predominantly a
country with tropical climate. Approximately, 90% of the area has hotdry, warm-humid, and composite climate. Therefore, climateresponsive buildings, in this context, are designed to avoid the heat
gain but at the same time allow adequate daylight into the living
space. Some of the passive design strategies adopted to optimize
building design that controls heat gain and allows maximum natural
light are as follows:
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Optimum orientation;
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Internal space arrangement (thermal buffer zone/buffer spaces);
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Allocation of building openings;
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Sizing of openings (limitation of window-wall-ratio and skylight-roof-ration);
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Appropriate shading design (façade shading and fenestration shading); and
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Adequate daylighting (optimum daylighted area and daylight factor)
Solar-passive building design addresses indoor
thermal comfort as well as visual comfort
Solar-passive
building design
Thermal
Comfort
Reduce energy
demand of spaceconditioning
Visual Comfort
Reduce energy
demand of
artificial lighting
Reduction in energy consumption and GHG
emission
Solar Passive Related Criteria in GRIHA
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The criteria 13 of GRIHA ( i.e. optimize building design to
reduce conventional energy demand) addresses
integration of solar passive principles in building design.
This is a mandatory criterion, which emphasizes on
building orientation, use of shading devices, fenestration
design, window to wall ratio and achieving day lighting in
living spaces.
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Criterion 4 – Design to include existing site features.
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Criterion 5 – Reduce hard paving on-site and/or provide
shaded hard-paved surfaces.
Integration of ECBC with GRIHA
Criterion 14 of GRIHA (i.e. optimize energy performance of
building within a specified comfort limits) requires
mandatory compliance with ECBC for projects that fall in
the category of ECBC implementation.
Renewable Energy
1.
The criteria 18 of GRIHA (i.e. renewable energy utilization)
makes it mandatory to meet 1% of project internal lighting
and air conditioning connected load (or equivalent) by
renewable energy.
2.
The Criteria 6 of GRIHA (i.e. enhance outdoor lighting
system efficiency and use renewable energy system for
meeting outdoor lighting requirement) promotes use of
renewable forms of energy to reduce the use of
conventional/fossil fuel based energy resources.
For conserving energy – in a cost-effective manner
Cheapest Solution
Passive
design of
building
Most Expensive Solution
Use of
Efficient
Systems
Use of
Renewable
Energy
Green buildings are good investment!
First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur
Trees preserved and protected
Solar PV and Solar Thermal
systems
N-S Orientation with shading
(roof/window)
Outdoor solar lights
Lesser paving
Impact of Energy Efficiency measures on
costs
Built up area is 4240 sqm of which 1912
sqm is air conditioned
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Key energy efficiency features that added to cost (35
lacs)
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High performance glazing (Incremental cost of Rs 12.5
lacs)
Roof insulation(Incremental cost of 7 lacs)
Efficient lighting with controls(incremental cost of 9 lacs)
High efficiency chillers/pumps/fans (about 34 TR which is
30% of total tonnage was saved, hence there was a
decrease in cost by about 4 lacs)
Earth air tunnel (11 lacs)
Annual energy savings : 18.5 lacs
Optimization of building material & selection
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Initial energy consumption: 240 kWh/m2 yr
Building envelope
•Brick wall
•RCC roof without insulation
•Single clear glass for windows
240 kWh/m2 per annum
•Cavity brick wall with insulation
•Roof insulation with fiber glass 208 kWh/m2 per annum
•Shading on roof
13% energy savings
•Double glass for windows
Optimization of Lighting Design
Lighting optimization
•Efficient fixtures
•Efficient fixtures & lamps
208 kWh/m2 per
annum
•Efficient layout
•Daylight integration
Achievement
LPD=1.3W/ft2
Illumination levels as per
standards:
Laboratory: 400 lux
Corridors: 200 lux
Work plane (faculty room): 300 lux
168 kWh/m2 per
annum
19% energy savings
Optimisation of HVAC system
HVAC system
•Air-cooled chiller
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Water-cooled chiller
CoP=4.88 (complying with
minimum efficiency
requirements of the Energy
Conservation Building Code
168 kWh/m2 per
annum
133 kWh/m2 per
annum
21% energy savings
Optimisation of HVAC design
HVAC system
• No controls used in HVAC system
133 kWh/m2 per
annum
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Controls used in HVAC system
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Variable speed drives for chilled
water pumps
Efficient load management
Earth air tunnel for fresh air
treatment
98 kWh/m2 per
annum
26% energy savings
Annual Energy Savings
Initial energy
performance
EPI = 240 kWh/m2 per annum
Envelope optimisation
EPI = 208 kWh/m2 per annum
Lighting optimisation
61% savings
EPI = 168 kWh/m2 per annum
Efficient chiller
EPI = 133 kWh/m2 per annum
Controls for HVAC system
Final energy
performance
EPI = 98 kWh/m2 per annum
Process, tools and mechanisms for GRIHA
ADaRSH (Association for Development and
Research of Sustainable Habitats
ADaRSH is an independent society, registered under the Societies Act,
1860 as a platform for interaction on all relevant issues pertaining to
sustainable habitats in the Indian context. It was founded jointly by MNRE
(Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India) and TERI
(The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi) along with some of the
experts in the fields related to sustainability of built-environment from
across the country. ADaRSH promotes and manages GRIHA – The
National Rating System (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)
as a design and evaluation tool for green buildings and habitats, and
administers the rating.
GRIHA Rating- Robust process
1st Evaluation
Documentation
Compliance on site
Orientation
workshop
Online registration
• Submission of project
details
• Payment of registration fee
(private projects)
• Submission of compliance
form (govt & private)
• Submission of undertaking
(govt)
• Part payment of
registration fee (govt
projects)
• Due diligence site visits
(minimum 3)
• Last visit to be conducted
after commissioning of
systems on site
• Assessment of compliance
(online site visit reports)
• Submission by clients
• 1st review-ADaRSH
• Comments on
completeness, compliance
(ref. initial commitment)
• Resubmit
• Submission by ADaRSH
• 2nd review -third party
subject experts
• Comments on correctness
of compliance
• Resubmit clarifications
…GRIHA Rating
Final Rating
• NAC to announce award or
provisional rating
Performance audit
Provisional Rating
NAC approval
2nd Evaluation
• Submission on clarifications
sought
• Final evaluation- third party
subject experts
• Compilation of score by
ADaRSH
• Submission of final score to
NAC
• ADaRSH to propose the final
score and provisional star
rating to NAC (by circulation)
• NAC to announce award or
provisional rating
• Remaining payment of
registration fee (govt projects)
• NAC to announce award or
provisional rating
• Remaining payment of
registration fee (govt projects)
• Release of MNRE incentives
• Conducted after 1 year of
project operation
• BEE accredited auditor to
submit report
• Review of report and
recommendation of final rating
by ADaRSH to NAC
Registration of projects- current status
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GRIHA
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SVA GRIHA
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95 government buildings (MNRE has paid registration fee
for 43 projects)
38 projects
7 projects (public and private)
TOTAL: 140 projects
Approximately 7 million sq m registered
MNRE has encouraged registration of government
projects by committing to pay registration fee for the first
200 Government of India and PSU buildings.
Intensive workshops and minimum 3 due diligence site
visits are conducted for each registered project
Current incentives from Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, Government of India
a) Government projects
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Registration fee for 200 building projects wavered
b)Private projects- Project Proponent / Owner (upto 2012)
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90% Registration cum Certification fee reimbursed
3 Star for buildings < 5000 sq.m.
4 Star for buildings > 5000 sq.m.
c) Project Team (Architects / HVAC Designers)- upto 2012
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Rs.2.5 lakhs 3 Star for buildings < 5000 sq.m.
Rs. 5.0 lakhs 4 Star for buildings > 5000 sq.m.
d)Capital Subsidy on Photovoltaic panels
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As per MNRE scheme for urban areas
e) Municipal Corporations / Urban local bodies
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Rs.50 lakhs (Corporations)
Rs.25 laksh (other ULBs)
Mechanisms for implementation
Regulatory
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Fast track EIA clearance for GRIHA pre-certified projects
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Minimum 3 Star for all Central Government and Public Sector
Undertaking buildings mandatory
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Minimum 3 Star for all CPWD buildings mandatory
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Minimum 3 Star for all buildings in Delhi as per the notification of the
Delhi Cabinet
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Minimum 1 Star for all buildings in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal
Corporation (PCMC)
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Kerala PWD has announced adoption of GRIHA
Financial
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0.25% interest rebate on home loans from SBI
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Incentives from MNRE (registration fee waiver & cash awards)
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Incentives from Municipalities (property tax rebate & discount on premium
for developers)
Fast track clearance for GRIHA pre-certified
projects
PCMC endorses GRIHA
• Rebate on premium for developers
• Property tax rebate for occupants/ owners of GRIHA compliant homes
Extension of GRIHA
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Green Guidelines for Large Developments
SVA GRIHA-(Simple Versatile Affordable) GRIHA<2,500m2
GRIHA preferred by educational campuses( 18 projects)
What is SVA GRIHA?
Background
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Preparation of SVA GRIHA for projects <2500 sq m
recommended by NAC in January 2011
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Large demand from PCMC, which has endorsed GRIHA
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Registration fee for smaller projects becomes less (since
financial incentives and registration fee waiver by MNRE not
applicable)
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Avoids the need to appoint an energy consultant for smaller
projects
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Subsequently, SVAGRIHA designed to cater to projects with
built-up area less than 2500 sq.m.
The Process
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Registration of the project
Access to the web-based tool given to the project
Submission of completed tool along with necessary
documentation to ADaRSH
Feedback to Project Team
Site Visit and due diligence check post construction
Evaluation by a GRIHA Evaluator
Award of Rating by ADaRSH
Note: The site audit to check compliance will be done once
the projects is complete and all equipment to be verified are
installed
The Structure
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SVAGRIHA has 14 criterion which are divided into 5
themes and 50 points
Mandatory to achieve minimum points in each category
SubGroup
Maximum
points
Landscap
e
6
Energy
21
Minimum
points to be
achieved
Points achieved
25-30
3
31-35
11
36-40
Water &
waste
11
Materials
8
Others
6
41-45
4
4
1
45-50
SVAGRIHA Rating
Criterion
number
Criterion name
Points
1
Reduce UHIE and maintain native vegetation cover on site
6
2
Passive architectural design and systems
4
3
Good fenestration design for reducing direct heat gain and glare
while maximizing daylight penetration
6
4
Efficient artificial lighting system
2
5
Thermal efficiency of building envelope
2
6
Use of energy efficient appliances
3
7
Use of renewable energy on site
4
8
Reduction in building and landscape water demand
5
9
Rainwater harvesting
4
10
Generate resource from waste
2
11
Reduce embodied energy of building
4
12
Use of low-energy materials in interiors
4
13
Adoption of green Lifestyle
4
14
Innovation
2
Total
50
Impact- mitigation of climate change
In 2030 emissions from
commercial sector:
Mt CO2-e/yr
BAU: 1370 Mt CO2-e
GRIHA: 840 Mt CO2-e
Potential of GRIHA to avoid emissions from
commercial buidings in India
1500.0
1000.0
500.0
0.0
2010
38% emission reductions
can be achieved by GRIHA
2020
2030
Year
BAU Scenario
GRIHA compliance
PCNTDA Headquarters, Pimpri-Chinhwad
Source: Landmark Design
PCNTDA Headquarters, Pimpri-Chinhwad
Source: Landmark Design
SUZLON ONE-EARTH CAMPUS
PUNE, MAHARASHTRA
GRIHA RATED
56% savings in energy
50% savings in water
2,50,000 units of electricity generated annually
through renewable sources of energy
Thank you for your attention!