Excavation
(Trenching & Shoring)
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
• Excavating is one of the most hazardous
forms of construction activity due to the
possibility of cave-ins.
• Excavating emergencies are more likely
to result in a serious injury or fatality than
any other construction accident.
• Trench accidents result in approximately
100 fatalities per year.
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
 Site workers are those
employees working on a
site or location that has
an excavation project.
 Site workers are not
authorized to work on the
excavation project.
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
 Competent person is one who is capable
of detecting conditions leading to caveins, failures in protective systems and
hazardous conditions.
 A competent person has AUTHORITY to
fix what is wrong.
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
Work Practices
1. Good work practices shall include
proper training of all employees on
dangers associated with trenching
and shoring.
2. No employee shall be allowed on or
around an excavation without proper
personal protective equipment
including atmospheric monitoring
devices.
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
•
No employee shall be allowed on or
around an excavation that does not have
a shoring system in place, if necessary.
•
Atmospheric testing shall be done
before entering the trench and
periodically during work to ensure
things are still okay.
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
All underground hazards shall be identified
before work begins.
Utilize ONE CALL – 811
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
Employees shall not work in excavations
where there is an accumulation of water
unless precautions have been taken to
protect employees.
• Precautions should include but are not
limited to:
• Special support or shield systems
• Water removal or control
• Safety harness with lifeline
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
Other rescue equipment shall include:
• Breathing equipment
• Basket stretcher
• Attendees
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
Hazards
• Oxygen deficient atmospheres.
• Loose rocks or soil.
• Overhead loads being carried/lifted by
digging equipment.
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Respirators – employees must be fit tested
and have proper training before use.
Hazardous Atmospheres
• <19.5% or >23.0% Oxygen (MN 5207.300)
• Combustible gas >10% LEL (LFL)
• Concentrations of toxic materials > TLV
established by ACGIH
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
• Some trenches qualify as a confined
space. Therefore compliance with the
Confined Space regulations would be
required.
• Atmospheric testing shall be done:
• Before employees enter the area
• Periodically to ensure the atmosphere
is still safe.
• Periodic testing shall increase if you
are operating equipment in the trench.
Excavation – Trenching & Shoring
Emergency & Non-Entry Rescue
• In the event of an emergency situation
requiring rescue, personnel SHALL NOT
attempt to enter an unprotected trench to
perform rescue.
• Call emergency services in your area.
• Rescue services that can be performed
safely from outside the excavation,
such as hoisting a harnessed victim,
shall be undertaken.
Review
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
H2S
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
• Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas is deadly in
relatively low concentrations.
• H2S gas is created by the decomposition
of animal or vegetable matter.
• H2S gas may be found in oil and gas
wells, storage tanks, sewers, mines, gas
plants and refineries.
• What you don’t know can hurt you!
Hydrogen Sulfide Awarenss
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas is referred to
by many names:
• Rotten egg gas
• Stink gas
• Sour gas
• Sulfureted Hydrogen gas
• Sewer gas
• Devil’s breath
Hydrogen Sulfide Awarenss
(H2S) Properties and Characteristics
• Extremely Toxic: Six times more
deadly than carbon monoxide, second
only to hydrogen cyanide used in death
chambers.
• Skin Irritation: Not absorbed by skin
but forms a sulfuric acid solution when
combined with moisture such as
perspiration.
• Eye Irritation: causes severe pain.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
(H2S) Properties and Characteristics
• Colorless: Not visible in air.
• Odor: Smells like rotten eggs at lower
concentrations. Higher concentrations
will deaden sense of smell.
• Heavier than Air: Unless dispersed by
wind, H2S will settle in low lying areas
such as pits, cellars, ravines, or
enclosures. Specific gravity is 1.189.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
(H2S) Properties and
Characteristics
• Highly Corrosive: Causes metal
fatigue.
• Highly Flammable: Does not
require a spark to ignite! Any
heated surface of at least 500°
Fahrenheit can cause ignition.
• Lower exposure limit (LEL) or
4.3% or 4,300 PPM and upper
exposure limit (UEL) of 46% or
460,000 PPM.
(1400°F)
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
(H2S) Properties and
Characteristics
• Burns with a Blue Flame: When
burning, H2S will produce sulfur
dioxide which is also extremely
toxic and has a pungent smell.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)is easily
disbursed by the wind.
• Combines Easily with Other
Liquids: It frees itself when
released into the air.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
Possible Symptoms of H2S Exposure:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eye irritation
Fatigue
Throat irritation
Skin irritation
Headache
Nausea
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dizziness
Loss of consciousness
Vomiting
Irrational behavior
Coughing
Excitement
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
Toxicity Table:
0.13 ppm Minimal perceptible odor.
4.6 ppm Easily detectable, moderate odor.
10 ppm Beginning eye irritation
Need PPE - Threshold Limit Value
27 ppm Strong, unpleasant odor, but not intolerable.
100 ppm Coughing, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell
after two to five minutes.
IDLH - Immediate Danger to Life and Health
200-300 Respiration irritation after one hour. Burns
ppm eyes and throat.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
Toxicity Table:
500-700
ppm
700- 1000
ppm
1000 - 2000
ppm
Loss of consciousness and possible death in
30 minutes to one hour.
Rapid unconsciousness at once, cessation
(stopping or pausing) of respiration and death.
Unconsciousness at once, with early cessation
of respiration and death in a few minutes.
Greater than 2000 ppm: DEATH OCCURS
ppm = Parts of gas per million - part of air by volume - 1% = 10,000
1 scoop of ice cream in a tanker full of Root beer.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
Well Site Safety
• H2S warning signs are to be
posted when H2S gas may be
present.
• At sites where concentrations
exceed the action levels, H2S
gas detectors (portable or
fixed) with an alarm, guy wire
flagging, wind socks, and
appropriate warning signs are
to be placed around the well
site.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
Well Site Safety
• Colored flags may also
designate the potential
danger of the H2S exposure.
 Green Flag – Normal
– Potential
Danger (1 ppm to 20 ppm)
 Red Flag – Extreme
Danger (over 20 ppm)
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
• Employees are to be trained on the use of
breathing equipment, its location for use in
an emergency and First Aid/CPR techniques.
• A pre-work safety meeting is to be
conducted to review the H2S safety
evacuation and rescue procedures.
• The buddy system is to be used to account
for all personnel.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
• If the event of an H2S alert and the monitor
alarm sounds, employees are to evacuate
quickly moving up wind or cross wind, and
to high ground.
• Check the wind sock or guy wire flags to
determine wind direction.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
In the Event of H2S Exposure:
• Rescue only after donning proper breathing
equipment.
• Move victim upwind or crosswind away from
H2S.
• Initiate rescue breathing if breathing has
stopped. If you are trained to do so, you may
use a resuscitator.
• After victim has received treatment, seek
medical attention.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
• Keep victim warm.
• Wash eyes with saline or clear water if eyes
are affected.
• Medical observation by a doctor is required
until the victim is released to return to work.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
Detection Devices
• Detection of H2S can only be accomplished
with the use of special equipment.
• Federal laws stipulate a maximum exposure
or threshold limit for workers in an eight-hour
work day – not to exceed 10 ppm.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
 Piston Pump or Bellows Pump: Both use
hydrocyanic acid tubes. Tubers are marked
in ppm or a percent. These are accurate and
dependable and must be NIOSH certified.
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
• Electronic Personal Detectors: Detectors that
mount on your body or are handheld.
Designed to give off an alarm when exposed
to a predetermined level of H2S.
• Audible
• Visible
• Vibration
Hydrogen Sulfide Awareness
• Fixed Systems: Fixed systems continuously
monitor air for H2S presence and an alarm is
activated when H2S is detected. Used in
larger plants or when continuous monitoring
is required at the well site.
Review
Fire Safety
(Prevention & Protection)
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
• Fires are classified by the type of fuel
they burn.
• The four types are:
D
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
• Class A Fires & Extinguishers
• Work by cooling.
• Used on wood, paper, some rubber, plastic and rags.
• Numerical rating indicates amount of agent duration
and range of discharge on the test fire. Must be
within 75’ or less of fire scene.
• The area a “non-expert” can extinguish with proper
training is:
• 1-A – equivalent to 5 liters of water.
• 2-A – equivalent to 10 liters of water.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
Class B Fires & Extinguishers
• Work by blanketing the fuel.
• Used on gasoline, diesel, oil, greases, paint,
rubber or other flammable or combustible
liquids.
• Must be within 50’ or less of fire scene.
• Class B ratings signify the area in square feet
of flammable liquid fire a unit will
extinguish when used by a trained
“non-expert”.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
• Class C Fires & Extinguishers
• Work by displacing oxygen,
smothering the fire.
• Used on electrical fires.
• Class C units have no numerical
system.
• Class C rating signifies that the
extinguishing agent is non-conductive
and safe on energized equipment.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
• Class D Fires & Extinguishers
• Used on combustible special metal fires –
aluminum, potassium, zinc and
magnesium.
• Class D units should be located within 75’
or less of the fire scene.
D
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
Four Elements of a Fire:
•
•
•
•
Air
Fuel
Heat
Chemical Reaction
• All four elements are needed.
• When one leg of the fire triangle is
removed combustion stops.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
Remember the PASS System
• Pull
• Aim
• Squeeze
• Sweep
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
Pull the Pin
• This will allow you to
discharge the extinguisher.
Aim
• Aim at the base of the fire
instead of the flames.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
Squeeze the Handle
• This will release the
pressurized extinguishing
agent.
Sweep
• Sweep from side to side
until the fire is out.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
• When extinguishing a fire never turn
your back in the event the fire flashes.
• Well site fires may be small fires caused
by oil, gasoline, grass, grease or other
combustibles.
• Use caution when storing flammables –
store them in a proper flammable
cabinet.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
Well Site Fire Safety Precautions
• Smoke in designated area only.
• Leave matches and smoking items in the
designated area.
• Ground and bond all flammables prior to
transfer.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
Well Site Fire Safety Precautions
• Use a grounding device between
the well head and carrier to
prevent static electricity build up.
• Eliminate all plastic buckets,
Styrofoam cups and other
materials that cause static
electricity.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
• Locate fire extinguishers on location as
required.
• Brass hammers should be used within well
site area.
• Never fight a fire where toxic gases may
occur.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
• Always leave yourself an out when
extinguishing the fire.
• If caught on fire use STOP, DROP & ROLL or a
blanket to smother the flames.
• Install spark arresters on mufflers.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
• Do not use natural gas or liquefied
petroleum gas to operate
pneumatic tools or spray guns.
• All cleaning materials should have
a flash point of 100 F or more.
Fire Safety – Prevention and Protection
• When a Hot Work Permit is used, a person
shall be designated as a fire watch with an
extinguisher available.
• Fire watches must be properly trained.
• Prior to beginning work, discuss the
Emergency Action Plan.
Review
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
• Electricity is a silent and invisible force
that can kill without warning if ignored –
treat with respect and caution.
• Electricity can come from two sources:
• A generation source.
• Static electricity – the buildup of
electron particles in an object.
Electrical Safety
• Electricity takes multiple paths,
flowing through the path of least
resistance.
• The body can act as an excellent
conductor since it is made up of water,
chemicals and minerals.
• The body can bridge the gap between two
voltage levels resulting in an electric
shock.
Electrical Safety
Grounding
• Grounding is providing a safe path for stray
electricity to enter the ground by connecting
an object to an electrical ground or earth
potential.
• Most ground accidents are caused by
malfunctions in equipment, tool casing,
machine enclosures and other conductive
materials.
Electrical Safety
Grounding
• Double casing and properly installed
grounding connection helps keep stray
current and electrical leakage from passing
through the body.
Electrical Safety
Grounding
• Bypassing grounds or improper handling
of grounding connections can result in
electrical fires or other accidents that may
be fatal.
Electrical Safety
Grounding
• Grounding is considered the best
method of controlling static electricity.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Requirements
• Do not wear rings, watches,
carry keys, lighters or similar
objects.
• Hands, clothing and footwear
shall be dry when handling
energized electrical
equipment.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Requirements
• LO/TO procedures shall be followed.
• Avoid being near electrical boxes and
power equipment during an electrical
storm.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Requirements
• Interlocks shall not be removed or
modified on equipment.
• Prior to opening or closing a disconnect
on an electrical control box, confirm
electrical box is not energized by use of
a non-contact voltage proximity meter.
• Do not work on electrical equipment
without proper training.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Requirements
• PPE must be worn.
• Only qualified persons are allowed to
perform service or repair on electrical
equipment.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Requirements
• Overload protection shall be properly
sized.
• Clean and dry fuse pullers are to be used
when removing fuses.
• Extension cords are to be free of splices,
three wire grounded type and properly
sized.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Requirements
• Rig wiring shall be installed
in a manner to protect it from
abrasion and damage.
• Ground Fault Circuit
Interrupters are to be used in
wet areas and where
required by electrical code.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Requirements
• Tools must be insulated and approved for
electrical work.
• De-energize and LO/TO all circuits before
starting work.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety Requirements
• Pennies and modified fuses are not to be
used as a circuit protection device.
• Bridging or bypassing a current protection
device is prohibited.
• When engaging electrical power, stand on
dry ground or insulated material.
• Ground all electrical power plants when in
use.
Electrical Safety
Static Electricity
• Static electricity exists when the flow of
free electrons build up in unequal amounts
on two different objects.
• When build up becomes large enough,
electricity flow in the form of a static
discharge or a spark occurs.
Electrical Safety
• Static charge can be transferred to another
object in two ways:
• Induction: when objects do not have to
be touching to transfer electrical
charges.
• Conduction: when two objects have to
touch in order to transfer electrical
charges.
Electrical Safety
Bonding
• Bonding is the procedure of electrically
connecting two objects so they may obtain
the same electrical potential – equilibrium.
• Metal wire connecting two objects.
• Grounding of the object.
• Containers should always be kept close
until after bonding takes place prior to and
after use.
Electrical Safety
• It is important to eliminate the following
conditions to reduce possible hazards that
can create an explosion.
• Presence of flammable atmospheres.
• Generation of static charge through
transferring of materials.
• Static electricity charge build up.
• Static discharge to achieve equilibrium
in the form of a spark.
Electrical Safety
Static Electricity Safety Requirements
• Don’t rub objects together when transferring
materials.
• Wear specially designed clothes that reduce
electrostatic build up and discharge.
• Wear non-conductive footwear such as
leather footwear.
• Ground all personnel and conductive parts.
Electrical Safety
•
Transport liquids slowly.
•
Reduce liquid misting, spraying and
splashing.
•
Allow time for static electricity charges to
equalize between objects.
Electrical Safety
•
During well servicing operations,
grounding is to be provided between the
rig and wellhead with a grounding cable
securely connected in the casing.
•
Derrick personnel must vacate
the derrick during thunderstorms
and all workers are to move
away from the derrick.
Electrical Safety
•
Non-conductive hand gauges, chains
and sample devices are to be used to
reduce static spark.
•
Cell phones and two-way radios are to be
turned off on well site locations. Pagers
can be used only if they are designated
as intrinsically safe.
Electrical Safety
Subpart B
Electrical Safety
• There are two types of unsafe acts:
• Intentional
• Unintentional
Electrical Safety
• Electrical injury is a term for all injuries
caused by contact with electrical energy.
• Most electrical injuries are classified as:
• Burns
• Electric shock injuries
• Eye injuries
Electrical Safety
• Burns can be categorized as:
• Flash burns
• Arcing burns
• Flame burns
• Contact burns
• Electrical burns
Electrical Safety
 Electric shock is caused by electric current
passing through the body.
 Symptoms can range from a barely
perceptible tingle to immediate heart
stoppage.
 Burns can also cause:




Internal bleeding
Unconsciousness
Respiratory paralysis
Cardiac disorders
Electrical Shock Injuries
 Electric current can cause involuntary
muscle contractions.
 These movements can lead to bruises
or bone fractures.
Eye Injuries
• Like any other part of the body, the eyes
can be burned.
• Directly reflected light from electric arc
may burn the cornea.
• Short flash burns are not serious and
usually heal in 12-24 hours.
• Longer flash burns can cause permanent
retinal damage.
Electrical Safety
Working Near Exposed Parts
• Energized Equipment – anything connected
to an electrical source having a greater
potential than that of the earth.
• De-Energized Equipment – being free from
any electrical connection to a source of a
potential different from that of the earth.
Electrical Safety
De Energized Parts
• Treat any conductors and parts of
electric equipment as energized that
have been de-energized.
• Lockout/Tagout should always be used.
Electrical Safety
Energized Parts
• Only qualified employees:
• May work on or with exposed
energized lines or parts of
equipment.
• May work in areas containing
unguarded, un-insulated energized
lines or parts operating at 50 volts or
more.
Electrical Safety
Overhead Line Safety
• Don’t operate equipment around overhead
power lines unless you are authorized to do
so.
• If an object must be moved in the area of
overhead power lines, appoint a competent
worker to observe clearance.
• Never touch an overhead line.
• Never assume lines are dead.
Electrical Safety
• When a machine is in contact with
overhead lines, DO NOT allow anyone to
come near or touch the machine.
• Never touch a person who is in contact
with a live power line.
• If you are in a vehicle that is in contact with
an overhead power line, DO NOT LEAVE
THE VEHICLE and do not touch any metal
parts within the vehicle.
• Avoid storing materials under or near
overhead power lines.
Electrical Safety
• To maximize safety, always use tools
that work properly.
• Tools to handle energized conductors
must be designed and constructed to
withstand the voltages and stresses to
which they are exposed.
• Use PPE appropriate for the job.
• Use of non-conductive wooden or
fiberglass ladders is recommended.
Electrical Safety
• Portable equipment is not part of a fixed
installation but when used is connected
to a fixed installation by means of a
flexible cable, plug and socket.
• Hand held equipment
• Extension leads, plugs and sockets
• Extension cords
Electrical Safety
Inspecting
• Welding leads – inspect prior to and
during work for signs of damage and/or
exposed wire that could cause a short.
• Electrical cords – once unplugged;
visually inspect for cuts, crimped areas,
and/or wires sticking out.
• Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters –
check monthly and after severe thunder
and lightning storms by using the test
button.
Electrical Safety
Personal Protective Equipment
• Look at the job task at hand when
selecting PPE to be worn when working
with electrical hazards.
• In addition to the proper PPE, nonconducting tools can help further protect
you.
Electrical Safety
• Static electricity refers to the build up of electric
charge on the surface of objects.
• The static charges remain on an object until they
either bleed off to ground or are quickly
neutralized by a discharge.
• Static electricity can be transferred to another
object by induction or conduction.
• The effects of static electricity are familiar to
most people because we can feel, hear, and even
see the spark as the excess charge is neutralized
when brought close to a large electrical
conductor.
Review
Lockout/Tagout
Lockout / Tagout
• Lockout is the process of blocking the
flow of energy (electrical, fluid, air
etc.) from a power source with a
blocking device to eliminate the power
to disable the equipment.
• A lockout device may be a lock, chain,
block or special locking device that
keeps the power in an “off” position.
Lockout / Tagout
• Employees are to be trained in LO/TO
procedures.
• Training must be done prior to participation
in the program, and if a change occurs.
• Authorized Employee: person who
physically locks and tags equipment for
maintenance or servicing.
• Affected Employee: person who may
operate or work in areas where equipment
is subject to the LO/TO process.
Lockout / Tagout
• Affected employees become authorized
employees when that employee’s duties
include servicing or maintenance
activities.
• This program does not apply to handheld
power tools or stationary equipment
whose electrical power may be controlled
by the unplugging of equipment from the
energy source.
Lockout / Tagout
Types of Energy Sources
• Kinetic Energy – the force caused by
the motion of an object.
• Potential Energy – the force stored in
an object that isn’t moving.
Lockout / Tagout
Energy sources may include any one or
combination of the following:
• Electrical
• Mechanical
• Hydraulic
• Thermal/steam
• Gravitational
 Fluid under
pressure/oil, water
 Gases
 Pneumatic
 Nuclear
 Chemical
Lockout / Tagout
LO/TO Procedure
• Employees involved in the lockout must
be knowledgeable of the type and
magnitude of the energy, the hazards of
the energy to be controlled, and the
method or means to control the energy
before turning off well operating/servicing
equipment.
Lockout / Tagout
•
Authorized Employees with notify all
Affected Employees (before and after) of
the LO/TO and the prohibition of
attempts to restart or energize
equipment.
•
Well operating/servicing equipment shall
be turned off or shut down using the
established procedures.
Lockout / Tagout
•
All energy isolating devices, which are
needed to control the energy to
machinery or equipment, shall be
physically located and operated as
appropriate.
•
LO/TO center location is designated by
the company in areas such as the Dog
House for easy access.
Lockout / Tagout
•
Lockout the equipment with a personal
lock used by the Authorized Employee
in charge. The tag placed on the
equipment should be dated and signed
by the person performing the work.
Lockout / Tagout
•
The Authorized Employee must affix
lockout or tagout devices to each
energy source or isolating device.
•
The device shall be attached in a
manner that will hold the energy
isolating devices in a “safe” or “off”
position.
•
Turn the power source on to assure the
power source has been deactivated.
•
Always look for hidden energy sources.
Lockout / Tagout
•
No lock shall be affixed without a tag
dated and signed by the person
performing the isolation and stating the
reason for the lockout.
•
It is policy to use locks whenever
possible. If this is not possible, a tag
may be used.
•
Tags must clearly state that
movement of energy isolating devices
from the “safe” or “off” position is
prohibited.
Lockout / Tagout
•
Where tagout devices are used with
devices that are capable of being locked,
the tag attachment shall be fastened at the
same point at which the lock would have
been attached.
•
Where a tag cannot be affixed directly to
the energy isolating device, the tag shall be
located as closely and safely as possible to
the device.
•
Guards and interlock devices cannot be
used as a substitute for lockout devices.
Lockout / Tagout
Group Isolation: When a crew or group
performs service or maintenance, they
must use a procedure that provides ALL
employees a level of protection equal to
that provided by a personal LO/TO device.
•
Each employee attaches a personal
LO/TO device to a group lockout
mechanism.
•
Each employee will test at the start
station to ensure equipment is
inoperable.
Lockout / Tagout
•
Always look for hidden energy sources,
since some equipment has more than
one power source.
•
After ensuring that all personnel are
clear, the equipment must be tested to
verify that it is properly isolated and will
not operate..
Lockout / Tagout
• Every power source has its own
procedure for lockout.
• The procedure may include:
• Pulling a plug
• Opening a disconnect switch
• Removing a fuse
• Closing a valve
• Bleeding a line
• Placing a blind in a line
Lockout / Tagout
The following energy sources may be
encountered:
• Electrical – motors controllers, capacitors,
circuit breakers
• Pneumatic
• Hydraulic
• Fluids and gases
• Mechanical
• Blinding of Pipe
Lockout / Tagout
Electrical
• Shut down equipment by the
master disconnect.
• Ensure all power sources are
locked and tagged out.
• Eliminate stored electrical
energy to obtain zero energy
state.
• Test to ensure circuits are dead.
• Disconnect battery ground when
servicing engines or vehicles.
Lockout / Tagout
Pneumatic & Hydraulic
• Identify system to be isolated.
• Close block valve(s)upstream and
downstream of section.
• Release pressure to reach zero energy
state, utilizing controlled bleed-off.
• Lock and tag the energy source.
Lockout / Tagout
Fluids & Gases
• Identify system to be isolated.
• Isolate all inlet and outlet piping.
• Blinding or capping
• Blanking
• Line valves
• Disconnect lines
• Double block and bleed – (In most
cases, not acceptable for entry into
permit required confined spaces).
Lockout / Tagout
Mechanical
• Release all stored energy or block the
energy.
• Beware of gravity, springs, tension, and
other sources of energy.
• Use blocks, pins, or chains to restrain
energy.
• Place counterbalance weights in the down
position, set brake and secure with a chain
when required.
• When servicing the derrick, the blocks are to
be placed on the ground.
Lockout / Tagout
Blinding of Piping
• A blind is a metal plate inserted on the end
of a pipe or between gasketed pipe
flanges to prevent the flow of gas or liquid
in either direction.
• The decision to install or remove a blind
shall be performed by an Authorized
Employee.
• Make sure the blind is
properly rated for the
pressure it will block.
Lockout / Tagout
Blinding of Piping cont.
• Blinds shall be near the tank/vessel,
preferably on the first flange from the
tank/vessel shell.
• A blind shall be installed with three major
considerations in mind:
• Will the blind accomplish its purpose
in the location selected?
• Can the blind be safely removed?
• Is there access to the selected
location?
Lockout / Tagout
Restoring Power to Equipment
• Individual locks may be removed
after each phase is complete by the
Authorized Employee.
• Clear the work area of non-essential
employees and equipment.
• Take a headcount to ensure all
employees are clear.
• After removal of lock and tag devices,
notify the Affected Employees.
Lockout / Tagout
Locking & Tagging Device
• Each unit should provide standardized
tags and individually keyed or
combination locks as required to execute
the LO/TO process.
• Tag devices must be of a non-reusable
type, attachable by hand, self-locking.
• Critical systems locked and tagged
should include identity and job title of
person installing the lock and tag.
Review