Hazardous Materials Training
Part One
Overview of hazardous materials
regulations (HMR) training requirements
Regulatory bodies that govern the transportation
of hazardous materials
• OSHA-concerned with protecting the employee.
• DOT-concerned with the safe transport of hazardous
materials
(via air, rail, roadway).
• EPA (DEP)-concerned with protecting the environment.
• NFPA 58 concerned with bulk storage of Propane.
• All require written plans, formal training, emergency
response procedures.
OSHA or DOT Jurisdiction
OSH Act
• Section 4(b)(1) of the OSH Act states that OSHA
does not have jurisdiction over health and safety
if another Federal agency exercises its statutory authority in
this area.
U.S. courts interpret the OSH Act using the “gap theory” or
“hazard-by-hazard” approach:
• If DOT has a regulation that would reduce or eliminate the
workplace hazard, DOT regulations apply.
• If DOT does not have a regulation to address the hazard,
OSHA regulations apply.
OSHA or DOT Jurisdiction
• DOT has jurisdiction for:
• In transit operations between destination points, including
readjusting and securing the load.
• Proper handling of hazardous materials during loading and
unloading vehicles and rail cars according to the Hazardous
Materials Regulations (49 CFR 171-180).
• OSHA has jurisdiction for:
• Actions associated with loading and unloading the vehicle or
railcar at destination points where DOT does not address a
safety or health hazard.
• Response to hazardous waste emergencies.
Overall objectives of today’s training presentation
Will focus primarily on DOT training but will also encompass the
main requirements of OSHA & EPA training requirements
regarding the handling and transporting of hazardous materials
Help to prevent unplanned releases and accidents involving the
hazardous materials transported by this operation
Provide information regarding the hazards of the
chemicals/hazardous materials that you may be exposed in
your workplace.
Scope of training
You should:
• Be familiar with the general provisions of the
Hazardous materials regulations (HMR) part 172,
subpart H (formerly HM126F)
• Be able to recognize and identify the hazardous
materials as they apply to your job function
• Have knowledge of emergency response information,
self protection measures, and accident prevention
methods and procedures
DOT required Haz Mat employee training shall
include
• General awareness/familiarization training
• Function-specific training
• Safety training
• Driver training
• Specific cargo tank training
• Security awareness
Hazardous materials covered in this presentation
Propane
Diesel
Gasoline
Fuel oil ( #2, #6)
Kerosene
Areas that we will cover relevant to these products
are:
• Hazardous materials table
• North American Emergency guide book (guide sheet
128)
• Shipping papers
• Placarding
• Highway carrier requirements
• Emergency response procedures
Areas we will not cover today
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•
•
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Packaging
Labeling
Transport by Air
Transport by Rail
Hazardous materials other than propane, oil, diesel,
kerosene
*These are topics that are included in the requirements but
do not apply to your operation
Hazmat employee (49 CFR 171.8)
A HAZMAT employee is a person employed by a HAZMAT
employer and who, in the course of employment, directly
affects hazardous materials transportation safety. This term
includes owner-operators of a motor vehicle that transports
hazardous materials in commerce.
Hazmat employee (includes owners)
• Loads, unloads, or handles hazardous materials
• Manufactures, tests, reconditions, repairs, modifies,
marks, or otherwise represents containers, drums or
packaging as qualified for use in the transportation of
hazardous materials
• Prepares hazardous materials for transportation
• Is responsible for safety of transporting hazardous
materials
• Operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous
materials
HMR divides responsibility in three categories
The shipper
The carrier
The driver
The shipper
(owner, driver, dispatcher, fleet manager, office)
• Person or company sending the hazmat from one place
to another:
• Must assign proper shipping name, hazard class,
identification numbers, correct type of packaging,
correct label and marking on placards, correct placards
• Properly packages the hazmat
• Prepares shipping papers
• Certifies on the shipping papers that they have prepared
shipment properly
The carrier
(driver, fleet manager, company owner)
• Transports shipment to destination
• Ensures that product has been correctly named,
labeled and marked for shipment
• Reports any accidents or incidents to the proper
government agency
The driver
• Ensures that shipper has properly identified, marked
and labeled product
• Must refuse leaking shipments
• Attaches appropriate placards
• Delivers products safely & obeys all rules and
requirements
• Keeps shipping papers in proper place
General awareness
Must be familiar with the requirements of HM training
requirements
Hazard communication training:
• Must be able to recognize HM
• Must know hazards of chemical to which you may be
exposed (hazard classes)
• Must know what to do in the event of an emergency or
unplanned release
Function-specific training
Must be familiar with the standards as they apply to your
specific job
These will vary depending on the individual’s specific job
function
Safety training
Must include:
• Emergency response information required by subpart G
of part 172
• Measures to protect the employee from the hazards
associated with the HazMat to which they may be
exposed in the work place, including specific measures
the hazmat employer has implemented to protect
employees from exposure
• Methods & procedures for avoiding accidents involving
hazardous materials
Driver training
Training must include the following subjects:
Pre-trip inspection
Use of vehicle controls and equipment, including operation of emergency
equipment
Operation of vehicle
• Turning, backing, braking, parking, handling, effects of braking, dangers
of maneuvering through curves, effects of speed, dangers of weather &
road conditions, and high center of gravity
Procedures for maneuvering tunnels, bridges and railroad crossings
Requirements pertaining to attendance of vehicles, parking, smoking routing
and incident reporting
Loading and unloading procedures
Packaging and securing load
Operators of cargo tanks
Training for cargo tank drivers must include:
• Operation of emergency control features of the cargo tank
• Special handling characteristics:
High center of gravity, fluid-load subject to surge, effects
of fluid-load surge on braking, characteristic differences
in stability among baffled, un-baffled and multicompartmented tanks, effects of partial loads on vehicle
stability
• Loading & unloading procedures
• Properties and hazards of the materials transported
• Retest and inspection requirements for cargo tanks.
Part Two
General Familiarization
Hazardous materials
“Materials that are capable of posing an unreasonable risk
to health, safety, & property when transported in
commerce.”
A material is considered to hazardous if it:
• Meets one or more hazard class definitions
• Is a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine
pollutant, or elevated-temperature material.
Hazardous materials table
Lists and classifies those
materials which the DOT has
designated as hazardous
materials for purposes of
transportation and prescribes
the requirements for shipping
papers, package marking,
labeling, and transport vehicle
placarding applicable to the
shipment and transportation of
those hazardous materials.
The hazardous materials table
Lists materials alphabetically by proper shipping name.
Consists of 10 major headings:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Symbols
HM descriptions & proper shipping names
Hazard class or division
Identification numbers
Packaging group assigned to the material
Label codes
Special provisions
Packaging
Quantity limitations
Vessel Stowage
Symbols
+ - “Fixes”(means you can’t change it) the proper shipping name, hazard
class or division and packing group in columns 2, 3 &5
A – means that the material is only regulated if offered for and/or transported
by air, unless the material is a hazardous substance or hazardous waste. In
that case, it’s regulated in all modes of transportation * see definitions
D- Identifies proper shipping names describing materials for domestic
transportation.
G-identifies n.o.s. and generic proper shipping names that require the
addition of one or more technical names
I-identifies proper shipping names describing materials for international
transportation
W-means material is regulated only if transported by water unless the
material is a hazardous substance or hazardous waste
Nine hazard classes
Class 1 - Explosives
Class 2 - Gases
Class 3 - Flammable liquids
Class 4 - Flammable solids
Class 5 - Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
Class 6 - Poisons/toxic materials
Class 7 - Radioactive materials
Class 8 - Corrosive materials
Class 9 - Miscellaneous hazardous materials
Products that may be carried by your company
Propane
• Class 2
#2 Fuel, diesel, kerosene,
gasoline
• Class 3
Packing groups
PG I - great danger
PG II - medium danger
PG III - minor
Shipping papers
Must include:
• Proper shipping name
• Hazard class
• Identification number
• Total quantity of materials being shipped
When transporting empty cargo tanks
Shipping papers are still required if a cargo tank has been
emptied, but not cleaned of the hazardous residue.
(For Propane dealers) When transporting ASME tanks with
a capacity of 125 gallons or greater to or from a
customer’s location, they must not contain more than 5%
propane during transport.
Shipping papers
May be in any form or format as long as it contains the
information required by the HMR in the correct sequence
Must contain basic description & any additional
descriptions or entries
Must be legible & printed in English
Must accurately communicate the hazards of the materials
being transported
Most must be certified but certification is not required for
materials transported by cargo tank
Shipping papers
Must be readily available & visible to a person entering the
driver’s compartment.
Must be clearly distinguishable.
Must be within immediate reach of the driver while
restrained by lap belt.
When the driver is not in vehicle must be in holder on
inside of door or on driver’s seat.
24-hour emergency response number
Required on all shipping papers.
Must be monitored at all times while the material is in
transportation, including storage incidental to
transportation.
Contact person must be capable of providing emergency
response & incident mitigation information immediately,
upon request.
Emergency response information
The shipper must also provide emergency response
information for each hazardous material listed on the
shipping paper.
Emergency response information
Information about hazardous materials & the necessary
immediate precautions & actions to take in the event of a
spill or leak are required.
Must carry in the same manner as the shipping papers.
North American Emergency Guidebook-Guide
Sheet 128
Placards
There are two placarding tables:
When determining which placards must be used and
what options are available, both placarding tables
must be considered.
Placards
• Must clearly communicate the hazard of the material
being transported.
• Must have no visual competition.
• Must be readily visible from the direction it faces.
• Be on all four sides of vehicle (each side and each end)
placed so words are level and read from left to right.
• Must be located clear of appurtenances and devices,
away from dirt and water & at least three inches away
from any other markings.
• Words and/or numbers must be displayed horizontally.
Placard modifications
• The word “gasoline” may be used in place of the word
“flammable” on cargo tank transporting gasoline.
• Fuel oil (in cargo tank) may be used in place of word
“combustible”.
• Placarding is responsibility of shipper and carrier
(that includes driver).
• If the required placard is missing, or damaged, no
matter what the reason, the shipment must not be
transported.
Part Three
Carriage by Highway
HMR, part 177
“Carriage by Public Highway”
Requires motor carriers to train employees in the
prescribed regulations.
Additional specific training is required for operators of
cargo tanks or vehicles with a portable tank with
capacity of 1,000 gallons or more.
Motor Carriers
Must also comply with the
Federal Motor Carrier Safety
Regulations (FMCSR) & refer to
driver qualifications, hours of
service, equipment standards
and operational requirements.
US DOT reps may inspect all
motor carrier records,
equipment, packaging &
containers -- that may affect the
safe transportation of hazardous
materials.
Loading and unloading
(HMR 177.834)
Attendance requirements:
• A cargo tank must be attended by a qualified person
at all times when it is being loaded.
• The person who is responsible for loading the cargo
tank is also responsible for ensuring that is so
attended.
Loading & Unloading
A person “ attends” the
loading or unloading of a
cargo tank if, throughout
the process:
• He/she is awake/alert
• Has unobstructed view
of the cargo tank
• Is within 25 feet of the
cargo tank
• Knows the hazards of
the material
Safety Measures
No smoking on or near vehicle.
No spark producing tools.
Use caution with tools so as not to damage packages,
containers, or their closures.
Do not load flammable materials in a cargo space that has a
heater unit.
Driver Training/Cargo Tank Trucks
Pre-Trip Inspection
“No motor vehicle shall be driven unless the driver
thereof shall have satisfied himself that the following
parts & accessories are in good working order, nor
shall any driver fail to use or make use of such parts
and accessories.” (FMCSR part 392.7)
Pre-Trip Inspection
Critical inspection items include:
• Service brakes
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•
•
•
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•
•
Parking brake
Steering mechanism
Lighting devices & reflectors
Tires
Horn
Windshield
Rear-vision mirror or mirrors
Coupling devices
7- Step Pre-Trip Inspection procedure
1.
2.
Vehicle overview
Check engine compartment
3.
4.
5.
Start engine & inspect inside the cab
Turn off engine & check lights
Do walk around inspection
6.
7.
Check signal lights
Start engine & check brake system
Product weight
Prior to loading vehicle, you must know:
• Amount the liquid will expand
• Weight of liquid per gallon
• Legal weight limits
Outage
The space you leave for expansion is called Outage.
You must know the outage requirements of each
product you haul.
Cargo tanks
High center of gravity
Subject to “surge”
Prone to roll over on curves, ramps and during evasive
movements
3 Types of tanks
• Bulkhead - Solid steel divider within the tank which creates
separate compartments.
• Baffled - Dividers with holes in them, designed to slow
down the front-to-back surge. They do not have much
effect on side-to-side surge.
• Un-baffled or “smooth bore”
SURGE:
The movement of the liquid from the front to
the back, and from side to side.
Determined by two major factors:
• Amount of liquid in the tank
• Design of the tank
Countermeasures for dealing with surge
Maintain 12 to 15 second eye lead time Always slow down
before entering curves - posted limit is for cars not tankers.
Accelerate gently through the curve.
Avoid sudden stops whenever possible by maintaining a
good cushion of safety around the vehicle.
Three factors that can cause a skid:
Oversteering
Overbraking
Overacceleration
Emergency maneuvers
It is almost always better to steer to avoid an emergency than to
brake to avoid one.
Don’t brake while making an emergency turning maneuver.
If you must brake, use stab or controlled braking.
When using stab braking, release the brakes as soon as the
wheels lock up, and then apply the brakes hard again.
If the steering tires lock up, you will continue straight regardless of
how you turn the wheel.
If you must leave the roadway, slow to 20 mph, if possible, before
applying brakes.
Part Four
Spill prevention and emergency response
procedures & action plans
Objectives for this section
Review OSHA HAZWOPPER requirements
Review the emergency operating procedure requirements
Review some emergency operating procedures
Review spill prevention measures
OSHA First Responders Awareness level
First responders are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a
hazardous material release & have:
• An understanding or what hazardous chemicals are & risk associated
with them.
• An understanding of potential outcomes of HM emergency.
• The ability to identify the hazardous materials.
• Understanding the role of first responder in the emergency response.
• Plan, including site security & control.
• Ability to realize need for additional resources & make appropriate.
• Notification to communication center.
OSHA First Responders Operations level
• Knowledge of basic hazard & risk assessment
techniques.
• Know how to select & use proper personal protective
equipment provided.
• Has understanding of basic hazardous materials terms.
• Knows how to perform basic control, containment and/or
confinement (dam, dike, divert).
• Knows basic decontamination procedures.
• Understands relevant SOP & termination procedures.
Basic terms
Flammable liquid-any liquid that has a flash point 140F or
less
Flash point-temperature where the liquid will ignite,
detonate, explode
North American Emergency guidebook
Contains information on hazardous
materials
Accepted by emergency response
information
Driver should have individual guide
sheets or should know which guide
sheets apply to the product being
carried
In the event of accident, if possible
take guide sheet & shipping papers
and get away from vehicle
Provide ER info to first responders
North American Emergency guide sheets provide
info in the following areas:
Potential hazards
• Fire or explosion
• Health
• Public safety
• Protective clothing
• Evacuation
• Fire
Emergency response
• Fire
• Spill or leak
• First aid
North American Emergency guidebook: Guide
sheets 128 (Petroleum Oil) & 115 ( Propane)
Potential hazards of petroleum products: Guide
sheet 128
FIRE OR EXPLOSION · HIGHLY FLAMMABLE:
• Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
• Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
• Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground
and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
• Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
• Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize
explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
• Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
• Containers may explode when heated.
• Many liquids are lighter than water.
• Substance may be transported hot.
Potential hazards of propane-guide sheet 115
FIRE OR EXPLOSION · EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
• Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
• Will form explosive mixtures with air.
• Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and
spread along ground.
• Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
• Containers may explode when heated.
• Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Health hazards of petroleum products
Protective measures
Emergency operating procedure requirements
A comprehensive written emergency operating procedure must
be developed for all transfer operations and hazmat employees
who perform unloading functions must be trained in its
provisions.
The emergency operating procedure must be prominently
displayed in or on the cargo tank motor vehicle
Emergency responses for leaks during transit
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•
•
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•
If the problem is before the nozzle, then SHUT OFF THE NOZZLE.
If the problem is with the nozzle, then PUSH THE STOP BUTTON
at the meter.
If the problem is with the tank, then USE CONTAINMENT
MEASURES TO STOP OR SLOW THE LEAK, THEN CALL FOR
HELP.
If the truck is on the roadway, try and pull OUT OF THE FLOW OF
TRAFFIC but DO NOT drive beyond the nearest point at which
safe removal of the fuel can be made.
Warn nearby person of fire hazard. Extinguish nearby open
flames. DO NOT SMOKE!
Report the spill to your company emergency response coordinator
Emergency response procedures in transit
If possible:
Dam, Dike or Divert spilled product, keep it away from storm or
sewer drains, catch basins and waterways.
Contain product using booms, pigs, absorbent pads or
gravel/soil embankments.
Secure site until remediation and emergency response personnel arrive on the
scene.
However, never take action unless you have
been properly trained (awareness level and
operators level) and directed by your employer
to do so.
If a spill occurs during delivery or service call
• Shut off the supply.
• Look around for sump pumps, drains or holes ,or cracks
in floors and foundation-keep oil away from these areas.
• Contain spill by using oil pads, booms or speedy dry.
• Use plugs or patch on tanks if possible.
• Create a vacuum in tank by using a fill cap or plastic
bag and placing over fill.
• Say as little as possible to homeowners, never admit
liability!
Report all spills
If spill happens during normal business hours:
- report to office
If after hours, call SPLASH hotline direct.
Be prepared to tell them
• Extent of spill-quantity
• Location of the spill
- Address
- Inside home, outside home, on the road
• When it happened
• If in the home, has the homeowner been notified
• If on the road, have any emergency responders
arrived on the scene
• Is the product contained or not
Most Common Spill Claims
Tank over-pressurization:
• Blocked or partially blocked vent
• Pumping too fast for vent pipe size
Misdelivery:
• Disconnected fill pipe
• Defective tank
• Wrong address
Leaking hoses
Recommended Spill Prevention Measures
• Always employ No Whistle-No fill policy.
• Double check address & location of fill.
• NEVER LEAVE THE FILL PIPE during delivery! Stay
alert.
• Pre-inspect new customers whenever possible.
•
•
•
•
Use reasonable pumping rates-no greater than 70gpm.
Check hoses for wear on regular basis.
Pull hose from shoulder, never drag nozzle on ground.
If you suspect anything is wrong. STOP the delivery and
call dispatch.
Safety Really is No Accident!
Famous last words:
“It’s just common sense”
“That could never happen to me”
“It’s not my fault…the other guy should have removed that
disconnected fill”
“But I had the right of way”
“I’ve been doing it this way for years!”