Transportation Emergencies
Transportation Emergencies
• This section is designed to help you identify
special needs and concerns for certain types of
emergencies concerning the transportation and
storage of fuels and other hazards.
Transportation emergencies are found and
can happen just about everywhere, due to
development and industrialization, below are the
four places where these emergencies can occur;
A. Production
B. Transportation
C. Storage
D. Use
Production
• Any and all industrial production and
processing plants are likely sites for fuels
and hazardous materials because of the
frequent use of materials in production
processes. These sites can also double as
a storage facility.
Pre-fire planning and inspections can
help you become aware of the hazards of
these facilities.
Production Emergencies
• In the next few slides, you will view
containers used at some of these
production sites. Make note of some other
concerns at these facilities, other than the
fire hazards.
Bulk Containers at Fixed Sites
• Horizontal Tank
•
Flammable liquids
•
Combustible liquids
•
Corrosives
•
Fertilizers
•
Chemical solvents
Bulk Containers at Fixed Sites
•
•
•
Spherical Tank
•
Process chemicals
•
Anhydrous ammonia
•
LPG
Cap. To 600,000 gallons
Pressures of 100 to 500 psi
Bulk Containers at Fixed Sites
• Dome Roof Tank
•
Flammable liquids
•
Combustible liquids
•
Corrosives
•
Fertilizers
•
Chemical solvents
Production Emergencies
• In the prior slide you should have noticed that
these containers are located next to a body of
water. If there were a rupture of leak, you would
need to be concerned that there would
contamination of the water.
• If you arrive on scene for an emergency at a
location such as this and find it to be leaking,
notify Haz Mat clean up team, depending on
protocols, notify the EPA and local water
authorities
Transportation
• Transportation Emergencies can occur on the highway,
in the air, on water, & by railcar. In the Fire service you
could be called out for any numerous reasons, from a
simple fuel or oil leak to a major incident involving
several hundreds of gallons of fuel or other hazardous
materials. You will need to be very familiar with all types
of transportation in your area. Know where fuel tanks are
located, storage areas, and all means of egress.
Major concerns for transportation emergencies would
be first of all you safety, patient care and safety, is the
accident going to cause further hazards, how to contain
the incident to a single incident, will additional resources
be needed, and the termination of the incident.
Transportation
• Hazardous materials are transported throughout this country in great
quantities and via all modes of transportation including rail, highway,
water, air, and pipeline. Of special note are;
1. railroad lines and classification yards
2. railroad cargo loading and unloading areas
3. general trucking ( and all highway areas )
4. delivery vehicles
5. trucking terminals
6. cargo aircraft ( and some passenger aircraft )
7. airport freight terminals
8. airport fuel storage facilities
9. river transport vessels
10. river warehousing, loading, and unloading facilities
11. major seaport areas
12. pipelines
Passenger Cars & Trucks
Passenger Cars & Trucks
On the next photo you will see a car
flipped onto its roof.
What would be a major concern , other
than patient care?
Passenger Cars & Trucks
Passenger Cars & Trucks
Emergencies
The vehicle is overturned into a ditch.
The concerns, other than patient care,
would be, are there any fluids leaking into
the ditch.
The ditch may carry excess rain water
into a residential drinking system.
Tractor – Trailer Rigs
Tractor – Trailer Rigs
In the Next Few Photos you are going to
see an overturned tractor – trailer rig .
What are your main concerns for this
incident?
What would be your plan of action?
Tractor – Trailer Rigs
Tractor – Trailer Rigs
Tractor – Trailer Rig Emergencies
A major concern for this type of emergency would be, what was the
rig carrying for cargo, is there a fuel spill, is there a vehicle possibly
underneath the overturned trailer?
A proper plan of action would be to first call additional resources.
Identify the cargo that was on the trailer. If you find it is of a
hazardous nature call for a Haz Mat team
If the tractor is leaking fuel, begin containment of the spill. Do not
extinguish the fire until you have determined that there would be no
negative effect on the environment.
Ask possible witnesses if there might have been any other
vehicles involved. If there are no witnesses, after determining the
cargo and gaining control of the incident, begin efforts to possibly
raise the trailer to look underneath for additional vehicles.
Aircraft
Aircraft
Aircraft emergencies create great concern
for firefighters. Aircraft Can be small to
very large and they carry many different
types of hazardous cargos and fuels.
In the next photos you will see an aircraft
that has crash landed.
What would be the greatest concern
other than the patient?
Aircraft Emergencies
One of the greatest concerns would be, is
there any fuel leaking out. Aircraft fuel is
very flammable.
Railroad Emergencies
In the next photo, you will see that a railcar
tanker has collapsed.
What would be your possible
emergencies and how would you handle
this emergency?
One concern would be, is there any fuel
remaining in the container.
Are there vapors present due to rupture?
Where is product if it has spilled?
The next photo is a train derailment with
multiple railcars.
What would be of great concern ?
What would your plan of action be ?
A great concern would be, what type of cargo
was being carried on the railcars?
Is there any fuel leaking from the locomotive
engine and if so will it have any adverse effect
on the environment or hazardous cargo that
might have overturned?
A possible plan of action would include
additional resources and a Haz Mat team,
contacting railroad officials and state agencies.
In the next photo, you will see a
Locomotive engine with heavy damage to
passenger compartment.
How would YOU extricate the
passengers on this incident?
There is no way of saying that there is only one
way to extricate on a scenario like this. But, as a
general rule of thumb, get additional resources
such as an additional crew, heavy equipment
contractor, or the railroad itself.
This would require multiple personnel. Heavy
equipment contractors would be able to assist
with providing equipment capable of handling
this incident, the railroad would be able to assist
with determining where to make your cuts, as to
not create a larger incident.
The next photo is a common site.
A passenger car sees the train coming
and feels that they need to beat the train.
There are many instances where the Train
wins.
In emergencies involving passenger
cars/trucks and trains, be prepared for
extensive extrications and hazards.
Waterway Emergencies
Waterway emergencies can be very tedious and
time consuming. In 1989, the Exxon Valdez ran
aground at Prince William sound, releasing over
11 million gallons of oil. Much of the oil was
dispersed, but some still managed to make it to
shore in such places as Smith Island and Knight
Island.
Incidents involving waterways will involve
many organizations for the cleanup effort.
Next are some photos from the Exxon Valdez
incident.
• This photo was taken
three days after the
Exxon Valdez ran
aground, just prior to
the arrival of a storm.
Here, booms are
deployed around the
Exxon Valdez to try
and control loss of oil.
• These Sea Otters are
covered in oil as a
direct result of the
Exxon Valdez
accident. Local
wildlife suffered
drastic declines in
population due to this
incident, including
ducks and other water
fowl, fish and sea life.
• In 2001, the oil tanker
Jessica ran aground
on a reef Southwest
of Puerto Baquerizo.
The tanker spilled
most of its 240,000
gallons of bunker oil.
Storage
This category refers to the bulk handling of fuels
and hazardous materials before and after they
are transported to the general geographical area
of use. Examples of storage facilities include;
1. LP gas tanks for heat and industrial
processes
2. hospitals
3. local chemical distributors
4. bonded warehouses
5. agricultural chemical dealers
6. petroleum tank farms
Storage Facilities Emergencies
Storage facilities present great hazards to the firefighter.
They contain large quantities of fuel, oil, or hazardous
products.
When you encounter an emergency at one of these
locations, you need to immediately contact the supplier
for emergency shut down of that storage container.
Local protocols will help to determine who to contact
for locations in your area.
The firefighter should become familiar with all locations
of such facilities in their fire district.
Talk to the supplier about emergency shut down
procedures to better coordinate an attack of the
emergency. Determine the types of structure used for
containment, and if they have any built-in protection.
The next few slides will show certain types
of containers used for storage of fuels,
oils, and chemicals.
Bulk Containers at Fixed Sites
Vertical Flat Roof Tank
•
Flammable liquids
•
Combustible liquids
•
Corrosives
Bulk Containers at Fixed Sites
• Cone Roof Tank
–
Flammable liquids
–
Combustible liquids
–
Corrosives
Bulk Containers at Fixed Sites
Open Floating Roof Tank
•
Flammable liquids
•
Combustible liquids
Bulk Containers at Fixed Sites
Covered Floating Roof Tank
Bulk Containers at Fixed Sites
Underground Storage Tank
- Flammable liquids
-Gases
- Usually contains motor fuels
Bulk Containers at Fixed Sites
Pressurized Horizontal Tank
Cap. -1,000 to 30,000+ gallons
Pressures of 100 to 500 psi
Process chemicals
Anhydrous ammonia
LPG
Pipelines
Pipelines are a means for transporting fuels and
oils from one location to another, without
accessing the highways, rail lines, or waterways.
These pipelines are required to have a means to
shut off the flow of the product in case there is a
rupture in the pipeline. You will be able to
determine where a pipeline is located by
markings above the pipeline.
The next photos will show some examples of
these markings and shut off valves.
Pipeline Right-of-Way Marking
Pipeline Control Valves
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