Livelihood Interventions & Production System
through Watershed Development
ER. S.S Kahlon
Expert Livelihood
SLNA,Punjab
 To live, a man selects a path for
generating Adequate Resource
to Meet the daily Requirement on
Sustainable Basis.
• Assets
• Activities
• Capabilities
Livelihood, a Complex System
Wellbeing
Income
Resource
Education
Capability
Production System
Health
Technology
Empowerment
Market
Risk
Livelihood Enhancement Aims
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Increase in Income
Reduction in Expenditure
Increase in Employment
Reduction in Risk
Types of Livelihood in watershed
• Land Based Livelihood
• Non-Land Based Livelihood
Land Based Livelihood depends upon
Resource Management which leads to
Natural Resource Management (NRM).
Social Resource Management (SRM) is
also essential for Land Based Livelihood.
Current Approach
NRM
+
SRM
=
LRM
To Achieve the LRM
Focus on Natural Resources
Focus on Community
Focus on Institutions
Rights on CPRs
Labour Groups
Creation of Livelihood Funds
Linkage with Finance Institutions
Farming System Approach in Rain fed area:
Factor contributing low production in rain fed area includes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Uneven-erratic distribution of rain fall.
Low cropping intensity.
Lack of well defined farming approach.
Lack of knowledge about rain water and moisture
conservation.
Limited availability and choice of cultivars.
Contd..
• For optimizing production and productivity of rain
fed area and to meet the additional demand of
food , fodder, fiber and fuel suitable mix of farming
system including alternative land use system such
as Silvi-Pasture , tree farming, alley cropping, lay
farming, dry land horticulture, agro horticulture
etc should stressed.
• To reduce the possibility of total crop failure and
economic loss integrated farming system approach
including a blending of diversified and mixed
farming consisting of
crop husbandry, agro
forestry, dry land horticulture, live stock, Pasture
and fodder development should be considered
under farming system approach.
This system involves growing more than one crop in seasons in a year
contributing higher cropping intensity and productivity in cropping circle .
Component of multi cropping system are:
1.
Mix Cropping
-
2.
Inter Cropping
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3.
Strip Cropping
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Growing no. of crops in some season
in one field.
Growing one minor crop generally
leguminous with major crop generally
cereals crop.
Growing few rows of erosion resistant
crop and erosion permitting crops in
alternative strips on contour or across
the slopes, crop mix usually involve
grasses, legumes, cereals etc.
DIVERSIFEID CROPPING SYSTEM
(mix of tree, shrub and herbs)
• Alley cropping
• Lay farming
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• Agri Horticulture
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• SILVI PASTURE
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Tree cum crop farming
Crop rotation includes a period of
of pasture development preferably
with mix of legume fodder
Mix of crop husbandry and growing
horticulture crop.
(Fruits, Vegetables, Horticulture)
Growing of multipurpose forest tree
(fast growing) with pasture (grass,
legume mix ) to provide fiber, food,
fuel fodders timbers.
Medicinal Plants-Aloe Vera
Agro-Forestry
Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)
Organic Farming
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Activities relating to crops horticulture and live stock and other IGA
may generate biomass for production of organic manures, organic
resources are cheap, easily to manageable involve no risk as compared
to agro chemical
Organic manures beside providing essential plant nutrients help in
conserving moisture in rain fed area. Agriculture production in arable
and non arable area in watershed requires to be stabilized with regular
supply of required quantity of plant nutrients..
Soils of rain fed area are not only thirsty but hungry too.
Chemical fertilizers are costly.
Risk associated with rain fed area - Failure may lead to loss of capital
investment on costly input.
Ill effect of agro chemical due to their indiscriminate use .
Organic manures improve physical property of soil which in turn
increase water holding capacity of soils .
 Biomass generated from crops
 Livestock wastage.
 Poultry wastage
 By product of other house hold production activities .
 Aquatic plant and pond silt.
Organic Farming
It methods namely cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical in a
compatible manner to keep pest and weed below economic injury
level and help to minimize environmental is a broad based ecological
concept of pest and weed control employing pollution due to chemical.
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT COMPONENT:
1.
Growing pest resistant plant.
2.
Biological control.
3.
Pheromones attractant and repellents.
Traditional formulations like neem oil, emulsion ,
organic decoction of chilies ginger, garlic are tested and promoted.
Address
Livelihood through MANAGEMENT OF COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES.

Development and Management of common property resource is necessary to lay
solid foundation of livelihood support system of rural people .

People have to manage resource not only as CPR but also as common
responsibility for driving common benefits. The resources are to be generated first
and then the question of sharing the benefit arise.
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The PIA staff who is approaching the people and motivating should organize them
in SHG. More and more no of landless labour, SC, ST,who are vitally linked with
CPR should be organized.

Those SHG may be motivated to form self help thrift group .
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SHG may be linked with bank after maturity .
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Common land activities like establishment of composite
nurseries. Silvi pasture
development community fish pond, planting of fruit trees, grasses which would
help in moisture conservation and meet the local need can be taken up.

Benefits may be distributed among the members of SHG after retaining some
amount for watershed development fund.
HORTICULTURE CROPS (WHERE IRRIGATION FACILITY IS AVAILABLE)
Ultra high density plantation (UHDP)
No of plants of mango under traditional method = 40 No/Acre
No of plants of mango under UDHP method
= 674 no./Acre
Drip irrigation and fertilization technique are employed to manage UHD mango:
SAILENT FEATURES
Yield 3 times
High income
Commercial yield in 3 years
Fruit bearing can be regulated to get produce every year.
Inter cropping is possible in initial years.
Easy to harvest because of low height of plant.
Existing orchard can be converted into UHDP
YIELD OF UHD MANGO & CONVENTIONAL MANGO ORCHARD
PARTICULAR
CONVENTIONAL
UHDP
Plant spacing
10 * 10 Mt.
3*2 Mt.
No of plant/ hectare
100
1666
Time for commercial level yield
7-9 years
3-4 years
Time to reach full yield
12-5 years
4-5 years
Contd..
Green Kharif Onion
Particulars
Activity
Seed Source
National Seed
Cooperation
Variety
Nasik-53
Quantity of Seed
1 Qt.
Sowing time
Feb
Quantity of Onion 34 qt. sets
sets Produced
Production of
Green Onion
267 qt per Hectare
Average Market
Rate
15 Rs\- Kg
Gross Income
4 Lacs
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Systematic
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time Bound
House hold production system can be classified into following
categories:
SMALL LIVE STOCK SYSTEM :- This would include poultry, piggery ,
rabbit rearing, goat and sheep rearing etc.
BIOMASS / Agro processing - This include basket making, rope
making various handicrafts ( toy making, wood carving) leaf plates ,
Saucer plates, oil extraction , food processing (pickle , jams , jelly etc.
Service Sector: This would include carpentry , black smithy, tool kits
for castration, plant protection equipments.
OTHER HOUSEHOLD IGA- Mushrooms bee keeping, sericulture , bio
fertilizer
• Formation of SHG-
Keeping in view interest, skill
and occupation for 10-12
member SHG.
• TrainingTraining for each activities
should be organized.
• Equipment and Material- Equipment & material have to
be provided.
• Implementation of activities- Necessary guidance and
help to group to initiate the
activities marketing should be
provided.
Household production system should be formed
as interlocked and interrelated to watershed development
with both forwarded and backward linkage.
BACKWARD LINKAGE: Where rope making and leaf
plate making are to be promoted grasses and species like
Dhak Mahwa should be planted and promoted.
FORWARDED LINKAGE: Need based vocational
training as per requirement of the activities should be
arranged.
Livestock Based Livelihood
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Health Care
Fodder Development
Livestock Based Funds
Door Step Artificial
Insemination
Health Care
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Mega Health Camp
Vaccination
Training on Management
Demonstrations of UTPS and Heymaking
AI & PD Camps
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Grasses on Bunds and Wasteland
Promotion of Fodder Trees
Introduction of Dual Purpose Crops
Mineral Mixture Making
• Revolving Fund for Purchase of
– Cow
– Buffalo
– Sheep
– Goat
– Backyard Poultry
Crossbreed of Local Cows and
Buffalos
Use of Frozen Semen
Compulsory PD and Calf Birth
Record
Linkage with Cattle Bread
Association
Marketing Linkage
Promotion of Self Employment
• Health Care to All the Livestock in the
Watershed
• Mitigating Fodder Calamity
• Promotion
of
Livestock
Based
Livelihood to Land less People
• Linkage with Animal Husbandry
Department for Research
• Marketing
Fisheries
Thanks