Incident Command
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Technical Escort Division
Terminal Learning Objective
• ACTION: Be able to function within an assigned role in
the Incident Command System / Incident Management
System (ICS/IMS).
• CONDITIONS: Given a classroom presentation on the
Incident Command System/Incident Management
System.
• STANDARDS: Be able recall from memory the learning
objectives with 80% accuracy.
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Technical Escort Division
Enabling Learning Objectives
 Understand the challenges in response planning and
preparation
 Identify the components of the IC planning model
 Identify the strategic and tactical considerations in NBC
terrorism incident response
 Understand the roles of the Federal government in an
NBC terrorism incident
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Technical Escort Division
Laws and Standards
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR
1910.120
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (40 CFR 311.1 applies 29 CFR
1910.120 to non-OSHA states for Hazardous Materials Incidents)
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 472 Professional
Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents
• NFPA Standard 1561 Standard for Fire Department Incident
Management Systems
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Technical Escort Division
Directives
• Federal Response Plan (FRP): multi-agency
operational structure.
– Incident Command System
– Model adopted by Fire and Rescue community
• Presidential Decision Directives (PDD)
– PDD - 39: U.S. Policy on Counterterrorism (1995)
– PDD - 62: Protection Against Unconventional Threats to the
Homeland and Americans Overseas (1998)
– PDD - 63: Critical Infrastructure Protection (1998)
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Technical Escort Division
Incident Command System (ICS)
Incident Management System (IMS)
The purpose of an ICS/IMS is to provide structure to the
management of emergency incident operations.
Common procedures for organizing:
Personnel
Facilities
Equipment
Communications
Enables responders to systematically organize their activities.
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Technical Escort Division
ICS History
• Developed in the 1970s in response to a series of major
wildland fires in southern California. Several recurring
problems were identified:
– Nonstandard terminology among responding agencies
– Lack of capability to expand and contract as required by the
situation.
– Lack of consolidated action plans
– Lack of designated facilities
• Matured and evolved into an all-risk system
– Common organizational structure
– Key management principles in a standardized way
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Technical Escort Division
Incident Command Foundation
Incident
Commander
Public Information
Safety
Liaison
Operations
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Logistics
Planning
Finance
Technical Escort Division
Traits of an Effective
Incident Command/Management System
Common Terminology
Modular Organization
Integrated Communications
Consolidated Action Plan
Manageable Span of Control
Designated Facilities
Comprehensive Resource Management
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Technical Escort Division
Common Terminology
Essential in any emergency incident system, especially with multiple
agency involvement and joint operations. Standardized and consistent
terminology applies to:
 Organizational functions (major functions, functional
units pre-designated and named)
 Resource elements (personnel and equipment used in
tactical operations)
 Facilities (in and around the incident area)
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Technical Escort Division
Modular Organization
Top-down development
Scalable to the size or complexity of the incident.
The first position staffed will be the IC.
Other positions staffed as needed.
Modular components represent chain of command.
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Technical Escort Division
MODULAR ORGANIZATION
SIMPLE INCIDENT
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COMPLEX INCIDENT
Technical Escort Division
Integrated Communications
Is the ability to communicate with all operating entities
and the ability to speak in common terminology, and
plain English.
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Technical Escort Division
Integrated Communications
Responders
FIRE
CST
POLICE
FBI
EMA
FEMA
IEP
Work Party
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Hot Zone
Technical Escort Division
Consolidated Action Plan
Incidents must have a plan of action that cover strategic
goals and tactical objectives, support activities and the
entire operational period.
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Technical Escort Division
Consolidated Action Plan
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Strategic goals:
What we are trying
to accomplish?
Tactical Objectives:
How are we going
to accomplish it?
Technical Escort Division
Manageable Span of Control
One supervisor can effectively manage from three to
seven subordinates, the optimum number being five.
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Technical Escort Division
Designated Facilities
Standardized locations at the incident which all
operations are directed, this may include the incident
command post (ICP), staging area, emergency
operations center (EOC), and rehabilitation area
(REHAB).
Command Posts: Mobile and fixed facilities
Staging Area: People and equipment
Rehab: Used for personnel to rehab, sleep, and eat
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Technical Escort Division
PREDESIGNATED INCIDENT FACILITIES
CP
EOC
STAGING
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Technical Escort Division
Comprehensive Resource Management
Effective management maximizes resource use.
Consolidates control of large numbers of resources.
Reduces communication loads.
Maintains accountability.
Increases safety of personnel.
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Technical Escort Division
Get it done!
Its easier to gear down than catch up!
Overreact until the emergency is fully understood!
Accept help from others!
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Technical Escort Division
Preparedness
Preparedness
is the key
to effective
Incident Command
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•
•
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•
•
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Awareness
Planning
Equipment
Resources
Training
Exercises
Technical Escort Division
Incident Commander’s Challenges
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Isolate
Identify Products
Evaluate Hazards
Coordinate info/resources
Select Tools and Equipment
Confine and Contain
Decontaminate
Terminate
Technical Escort Division
Incident Command/Management System
Priorities
LIFE SAFETY
INCIDENT STABILIZATION/MITIGATION
ENVIRONMENTAL/PROPERTY CONSERVATION
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Technical Escort Division
Five Major Functional Areas of an Effective System
Command: The one function that will always be filled at every incident. The
Incident Commander (IC) is the first position staffed and the last position terminated. The IC
is responsible for overall management of the incident. The Command Section may also
include Command Staff.
Operations: Directs and coordinates all tactical operations at the incident, including
supervision of the Staging Area Manager. This position is implemented when the IC is faced
with a complex, demanding incident.
Planning: Collects, evaluates, analyzes, and uses information about the development
of the incident and the status of resources.
Logistics: Provides facilities, services, and materials to all organizational
components during an incident.
Administration/Finance: Documents all incident costs and evaluates the financial
considerations of the incident.
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Technical Escort Division
Expanding the ICS / IMS
Command Staff
The staff reports to the IC but are not included
in the span of control.
Safety Officer - monitors and assesses
Liaison Officer - multiple agencies involved
Information Officer – serves as PIO/PAO
Staff positions handle key activities that enable
the IC to concentrate on managing the incident.
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Technical Escort Division
Operations
Operations is implemented when the IC faces a
rapidly escalating incident and needs to evaluate
and develop alternative tactical options.
The IC may choose to staff the operations section.
These positions are normally referred to divisions
(geographical) or groups (functional) and are under
branches when used.
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Technical Escort Division
Operations
Branch = Company
The level having functional or geographic responsibility for
major parts of incident operations.
Division = Platoon
Used to divide an incident into geographical areas of
operation.
Group = Squad
Established to divide the incident into functional areas of
operation.
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Technical Escort Division
Operations Section
Operations
Staging
Entry Team
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Back-up
Team
Working Party
Decontamination
Technical Escort Division
Staging
Staging area is designated where resources report until given
an assignment. It should be close enough to the incident that
resources can respond immediately when given an
assignment.
Responding units have a location to report and the IC has time
to determine how they can best be utilized.
Units are logged in when they report, and annotated when
assigned to a task.
Accountability is vital!
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Technical Escort Division
Planning
Responsible for:
 collection
 evaluation
 dissemination of information
Incident Action Plan contains objectives reflecting the
overall incident strategy:
 specific tactical actions
 supporting information
 given oral or written
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Technical Escort Division
Planning
When writing, the plan should consist of
forms:
202 (objectives)
203 (organization)
204 (resource assignments)
205 (communications plan)
206 (medical plan)
Additional forms may be used
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Technical Escort Division
Logistics
This function manages available facilities, services, and
materials for the incident. This section may include distinct
units.
 Services branch:
communications unit
medical unit
 Support:
supply unit
facilities unit
ground support unit
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Technical Escort Division
Administration/Finance
This function is responsible for tracking all incident costs and
evaluating the financial considerations of the incident. There are
four units within Finance:
 Time: keeps record of time for personnel working
 Procurement: tracks financial matters
 Compensation/claims: tracks financial concerns
resulting from injuries or death of on-scene personnel
 Cost: tracks all incident cost analyses
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Technical Escort Division
Check On Learning
 What are the five major functional areas of an
Incident Command/Management System?
 Command
 Operations
 Planning
 Logistics
 Administration/Finance
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Technical Escort Division
Check On Learning
 What is the planning section responsible for at
the incident?
 Collection
 Evaluation
 Dissemination of information
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Technical Escort Division
Single and Unified Command
• Single Command is used at an emergency
involving a single jurisdiction or agency, one
person must be in command.
– Used when jurisdictional boundaries do not overlap
– A single IC that has overall management
responsibility for the incident
– One person has command authority
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Technical Escort Division
Unified Command
Unified Command is a unified team effort which
allows all agencies with responsibilities to
participate in managing an incident to establish
a common set of goals and objectives.
Determine overall goals and objectives
Set priorities
Resolve conflicts
Jointly plan for tactical activities
Conduct integrated tactical operations
Maximize the use of assigned resources
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Technical Escort Division
Crisis Management
vs.
Consequence Management
• Crisis Management
–
–
–
–
Law enforcement
Threat assessment
WMD technical support functions
Focuses on the cause of incident
• Threat neutralization
• Investigation
• Evidence gathering
• DOJ is the lead agency
– FBI has operational responsibilities
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Technical Escort Division
Crisis Management
• FBI is the responsible Federal agency
• Focus is to:
– prevent terrorism
– apprehend terrorists and prosecute
Federal government assigned primary authority States assist
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Technical Escort Division
Crisis Management
vs.
Consequence Management
• Consequence Management
– Protect public health and safety
– Restore essential government services
– Provide emergency relief to governments, businesses and
individuals affected by terrorism
• FEMA is the responsible agency for consequence
management
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Technical Escort Division
Consequence Management
• FEMA is the responsible Federal agency
• Focus is to mitigate the impacts of a terrorist incident
States and communities have primary responsibility
for response - Federal government assists
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Technical Escort Division
Overview of Federal Roles
• To be aware of the Federal Response Plan (FRP)
and Terrorism Incident Annex
• To be aware of Federal government assets, roles,
and responsibilities in an NBC terrorism incident
• Know how to request Federal government
assistance during an NBC terrorism incident
• Understand how the Federal, State, and local
assets are integrated into the Incident Command
Structure
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Technical Escort Division
FRP Agencies with “Quick”
Response Capabilities
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
– Hazardous Materials Response Unit (HMRU)
– Evidence Response Teams (ERTs)
– Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG)
– Intelligence collection and analysis
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Technical Escort Division
FRP Agencies with “Quick”
Response Capabilities
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
– Specialized capability for finding and extracting victims
from collapsed structures.
– Rapid Response Information System (RRIS) is a
consolidated information source on:
• Federal NBC response capabilities
• NBC agents and munitions characteristics and safety
precautions
• Link to Help-Line
• Link to Hotlines
• Other information sources concerning NBC weapons
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Technical Escort Division
FRP Agencies with “Quick”
Response Capabilities
• Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
–
–
–
–
Metropolitan Medical Strike Team (MMST)
National NBC Medical Response Team (NMRT)
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
– Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
– Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SMHSA)
– Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs)
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Technical Escort Division
FRP Agencies with “Quick”
Response Capabilities
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
– Environmental Response Team (ERT)
– Radiological Emergency Response Team
(RERT)
– Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring
System (ERAMS)
– Radiation Environmental Laboratories
– EPA Research Laboratories
– Contractor support
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Technical Escort Division
FRP Agencies with “Quick”
Response Capabilities
• Department of Energy (DOE)
– Radiological Assistance Program (RAP)
– Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site
(REAC/TS)
– Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST)
– Aerial Measuring System (AMS)
– Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC)
– Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center
(FRMAC)
– Accident Response Group (ARG)
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Technical Escort Division
FRP Agencies with “Quick”
Response Capabilities
• Department of Defense (DOD)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Chemical/Biological-Rapid Response Team (C/B-RRT)
Army Technical Escort Unit (TEU)
U.S. Marine Corps Chemical Biological Response Force (CBIRF)
Edgewood Chemical/Biological Center (ECBC)
U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical and Biological Forensic Analytical
Center
Chemical Stockpile Sites
U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM)
U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI)
Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Units (NEPMU)
Technical Escort Division
How to activate Federal Assistance
• Notifications of local or regional federal offices
should follow locally established procedures
• Formal request for Federal assistance should be
in accordance with State/local procedures
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Technical Escort Division
Agriculture
Asst. to the SECDEF for
Civil Support
JTF-CS
WMD Civil Support
Teams
52d Ord Gp (EOD)
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Technical Escort Division
Potential Target Sites
The elements of surprise, selection of location, and time of day
serve to magnify the challenges of an NBC terrorism incident.
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•
•
•
•
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Subways
Airports
Cruise ships
Shopping Malls
Research/Medical facilities
Theaters
• Embassies/diplomats’
residences
• Special events
• Government facilities
• Universities/schools
• Amusement parks
• Sport stadiums/arenas
Technical Escort Division
Strategic Command Goals Considerations
Overview
• Life Safety/Scene Safety
• Command, Control, Communications
• Decontamination
• Triage, Treatment, Transportation
• Media Management and Information Control
• Resource Management
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Technical Escort Division
Life/Scene Safety Tactical Objective Considerations
Overview
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•
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•
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•
•
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Self-protection (SCBA, protective ensemble)
Personnel rehabilitation (REHAB)
Secondary devices
Weather conditions
Shelter-in-place vs. evacuation
Control spread of contamination
Scene Restriction (air & ground)
Technical Escort Division
Check On Learning
 How do you activate Federal Assistance?
 Notifications of local or regional federal offices
should follow locally established procedures
 Formal request for Federal assistance should
be in accordance with State/local procedures
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Technical Escort Division
Check on Learning
 What is the FBI’s focus in the ICS?
 Prevent terrorism
 Apprehend terrorists and prosecute
 What is FEMA’s role in the ICS?
 Mitigate the impacts of a terrorist incident
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Technical Escort Division
Transferring Command
Current incident conditions!
Incident action plan!
Progress towards the objectives!
Safety considerations!
Assignments of personnel!
Additional resources!
ALWAYS IN PERSON!
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Technical Escort Division
Terminating The Incident
• Debriefing
• Post Incident Analysis
– Proper documentation
– Financial responsibility
– Obtain journal
– Plan for investigation
• Critique
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Technical Escort Division
Lessons Learned
• Key areas that seem to always need improvement:
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–
–
–
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Communications
Accountability
Resources
911 service
EMS/Hospital
Media
Termination
Technical Escort Division
Summary
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•
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•
•
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Functional areas of an effective system
Traits of an effective system
Incident Commanders challenges
Incident Commanders priorities
Terminology
Strategic Goals and Tactical Considerations
Crisis/consequence management
Federal roles and capabilities
Technical Escort Division
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Technical Escort Division