INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT:
LET’S GET SPECIFIC
Grower Incentives for IPM: North Central NRCS and IPM Working Group
Dr. Thomas A. Green - IPM Institute of North America, Inc.
Mr. Jim Jasinski – IPM Program, Ohio State University Extension
Dr. Rick Foster - Department of Entomology, Purdue University
Dr. Kathy Murray - Maine IPM Program, Department of Agriculture
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT:
AN OVERVIEW
THOMAS A. GREEN
PRESIDENT
IPM INSTITUTE OF NORTH AMERICA, INC.
Progress! Pesticide Use and
Toxicity Down
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Conventional pesticide sales down 3% per year
between 1999 and 2006. (Crop Life, 2007)
Use of broad spectrum organophosphate and
carbamate pesticides down. (California DPR)
Miles to go…
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94% of fish, 94% of surface water and 33% of
ground water samples collected from 1992 and
2001 showed contamination with one or more
pesticides. (2006 U.S. Geological Survey)
Herbicide-resistant weeds, invasive species, new drift
regulations, non-target including pollinator impacts
call for more IPM…
Bald eagle nesting pairs increase
from 417 to 5,748 after DDT ban.
- Fish & Wildlife Service, 2003
IPM Reduces Pesticide Risk
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IPM is an systems-based approach designed to reduce environmental, health and
economic risks. IPM is implemented as an ongoing series of science-based, pest
management evaluations, decisions and interventions.
IPM practitioners use knowledge of pest biology and environmental conditions,
and technology to Prevent, Avoid Monitor and Suppress (PAMS) pests.
Basic IPM Practices
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Scouting (sampling) crops for pests and pest damage,
visually or with devices.
Monitoring weather, other conditions.
Acting when pests approach economically damaging levels.
Advanced IPM Practices
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Resolve: Why is the pest there?
Pest-resistant crop varieties.
Crop rotation, adjust planting times.
Reduced-risk pesticides, mating disruption,
companion crops, beneficial insects.
Pest Scouting
Pheromone Disruptor
Suction Trap
IPM Opportunities through NRCS
IPM Conservation Activity Plans (CAPs) provide an opportunity for Technical
Service Providers (TSPs) and growers to work together to identify, prioritize and
address resource concerns impacted by pests and pest management activities.
Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) 595 Integrated Pest
Management Standard offers cost-share rates and technical assistance for growers
to implement IPM. Use NRCS Windows Pesticide Screening Tool (WinPST) to
evaluate pesticide uses; mitigate if high risk.
Conservation Stewardship Program provides cost-share rates and technical
assistance for growers to implement conservation practices while maintaining
practices already in place. Growers who practices IPM receive credit, increasing
their chances of earning a CSP contract.
Grower Incentives for IPM:
North Central NRCS and IPM Working Group
http://www.ipm.msu.edu/work-group/home.htm
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Funded by North Central IPM Center since 2006, with additional support from
Northeastern IPM Center for IPM CAPs work in 2009-2010.
Expanding to national scope, merging with national IPM Conservation Activity Plan
working group.
Over 100 members from NRCS, University Extension, crop advisors and others.
Goal: increase grower awareness and access to NRCS conservation programs for
IPM, including CAPs, EQIP, CSP.
Activities include:

Create tools: IPM Tools, sample IPM CAP, IPM CAP training curriculum.
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Recruit, train more IPM-qualified TSPs; acquire, share data on TSP payment rates with
NRCS.
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Provide mini-grants to North Central states for EQIP 595 enhancement.
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Serve as a liaison between NRCS, IPM specialists and growers to support projects to
increase state-wide adoption of IPM.
IPM FOR PUMPKIN PRODUCTION
JIM JASINSKI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, IPM PROGRAM
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
DOUG DOOHAN, SALLY MILLER, BOB PRECHEUR, LANNY RHODES, CELESTE WELTY
HORTICULTURE & CROP SCIENCES, PLANT PATHOLOGY, ENTOMOLOGY
Presentation Objectives
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Give a Working Definition of IPM
Outline a few key pumpkin pests and related IPM
control strategies
Translate IPM Practices into NRCS EQIP for Specialty
Crop Guidelines
Conclusions
What is IPM?
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The comprehensive and coordinated use of cultural,
biological, and chemical tactics to reduce a pest
population below an acceptable threshold
Cultural – non-chemical tactics, host plant resistance,
planting date, cover crops, traps, scouting, crop
rotation, sanitation, etc.
Biological – natural enemy conservation &
enhancement
Chemical – pesticide selection and spray timing
Multiple Approaches to IPM

PAMS
 Prevention,
Avoidance, Monitoring, Suppression
VS.
 Seasonal
 Pre
plant, At plant, In season, Harvest, Post harvest
VS.
 Discipline
 Weeds,

Insects, Disease, Culture, etc.
Can couch IPM in various combinations or formats
Pre plant, At plant, In season IPM
Insect & Disease Management
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Key Pest(s): Striped cucumber beetle, may vector
Bacterial wilt
(PP) Delay direct seeding until after 1st generation
of beetles decline
(PP) Use transplants
(AP) Use systemic insecticides in-furrow or seed
treatments
(IS) Scout emerged seedlings, treat if cuke beetle
threshold is exceeded
Bacterial wilt symptoms
on pumpkin
Striped cucumber beetles
Pre plant and In season IPM
Insect & Disease Management
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Key Pest(s): Aphids can vector viruses ZYMV, CMV,
SqMV (WMV predominantly in OH)
Host plant resistance not commercially available
(PP) Plant early to avoid July / August aphid flights
(AP) Reflective mulch (not very effective)
(IS) Systemic or Contact insecticides will not control
vector soon enough to prevent transmission
Aphid; Virus Fruit and Leaf Symptoms
In season and Post harvest IPM
Insect Management
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Key Pest: Squash vine borer
(IS) Use pheromone trap to detect adults end of
June to mid July
(IS) Based on flight activity treat plant crown w/
insecticide
(PH) Destroy vines after harvest, kill SVB larvae &
pupae
Squash Vine Borer Adult, Larva, & Trap
Pre plant and In season IPM
Disease Management
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Key Disease: Powdery mildew
(PP) Select PM tolerant hybrids when possible
(IS) Scout beginning mid July, treat as soon as PM
colonies found
(IS) Rotate fungicide FRAC #’s to delay PM
resistance
(PP thru IS) Keep updated on most effective
fungicides, they do change over time
Powdery Mildew on leaf
Powdery Mildew on handle
Pre plant - Post harvest IPM
Weed Management
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Key weeds: Pigweed, Marestail, Cocklebur
Lambsquarters, Black nightshade, G. Ragweed,
Velvetleaf, Grasses, others
(PP) Site selection and crop rotation, clean fields only
(PP) Stale seedbed
(AP) Use of Pre-emerge herbicides
(IS) Cultivate conventional fields until vines run
(IS) Post (spot spray) programs, hoe, hand pull
(PH) Reduced tillage combined w/ cover crops
Winter Rye Grass Cover, No-till
Current Sources of IPM Information
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VegNet Newsletter
 Updated
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VegNet.OSU.EDU
 Updated
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weekly or biweekly
OH Vegetable Production Guide
 updated
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weekly
annually
Annual Pumpkin Field Days/Workshops
Current Publications
Excerpts from IPM/EQIP Guidelines
Excerpts from IPM/EQIP Guidelines
Excerpts from IPM/EQIP Guidelines
Excerpts from IPM/EQIP Guidelines
Excerpts from IPM/EQIP Guidelines
Excerpts from IPM/EQIP Guidelines
Excerpts from IPM/EQIP Guidelines
Excerpts from IPM/EQIP Guidelines
Conclusions
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Many approaches and tactics for Pest Management in
pumpkin
 Span
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from Pre plant to Post harvest (early to late season)
Insects dominate early, Diseases dominate late,
Weeds are problematic throughout the season
Many opportunities for growers to use IPM AND
protect SWAPA, & thereby qualify for conservation
programs
IPM IN APPLES:
INSECTS AND MITES
RICK FOSTER
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
NRCS/EQIP Program
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NRCS will pay growers for up to 3 years to adopt
practices that they think will improve conservation
Pest management is one of the practices they
encourage
Recently, more interest in funding IPM for fruit and
vegetable growers
EQIP for Fruit and Vegetables
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Orchards
 $90/acre
 Up
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to $4500 per year
Vegetables
 $45/acre
 Up
to $2250 per year
IPM in Apples
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Must follow the IPM Elements developed by Ohio State
Points given for each practice
 Total of 640 points possible
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First do a baseline assessment of what you are already
doing
Year 1: must have a score at least 10% higher than your
baseline
Year 2: must have a score at least 10% higher than Year
1
Year 3: must have a score at 10 higher than Year 2 and
be at least 60% of the total possible score (384 points)
How Do You Get Points?
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Some points available for educational activities –
Up to 45 points
 Join
grower organizations
 Come to Extension meetings
 Look at Extension websites
 Buy Extension publications
Pesticide and Record Keeping
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85 points available
 Calibrate
sprayers annually
 Accurate and organized records
 Drift control nozzles
 Environmental Impact Quotient
Soil and Nutrient Management and Cultural
Practices
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90 points available
 Soil
test
 Adjust pH
 Site selection
 Nitrogen management
 Pruning and thinning
Weed Management
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85 points available
 Eradicate
perennial weeds
 Plant grass between rows
 Rotate herbicides
 Tailor herbicide choices for weeds present
Disease Management
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125 points available
 Use
extended spray intervals
 Alternate fungicides
 Use weather forecasting
 Consider disease resistant varieties
 Consider disease resistant rootstocks
 Remove brush piles
 Remove dead leaves (urea and/or mowing)
Arthropod Management
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220 points available
Arthropod Management
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Use pheromone traps in all blocks to monitor adult
populations of codling moth. Base spray application
on thresholds and/or degree day accumulations
after a trap-based biofix date. (15 points)
Arthropod Management
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If Oriental fruit moth is also present, use pheromone
traps to monitor its activity, and adjust spray
program as need to allow control of multiple
generations. (15 points)
Oriental Fruit Moth
Codling Moth
Arthropod Management
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Use red ball traps to monitor for apple maggot
flies, and use an insecticide to target maggot if
thresholds exceeded. (5 points)
Monitor apple maggot fly with red-sphere
attractants, and base control sprays on the threshold
established for Ohio. (10 points)
Arthropod Management
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Use pheromone traps to monitor adult populations of
San Jose scale in blocks known for previous SJS
damage. Base spray application timing for crawlers
on detection with black sticky tape and/or on
thresholds and/or degree day accumulations after
catch of adults in traps. (5 points)
Arthropod Management
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Survey European red mite populations on a weekly
basis from petal fall until mid August using the
Cornell mite sampling method and form. Apply
miticide only if threshold exceeded. (10 points)
Arthropod Management
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Scout for rosy apple aphid at the early pink bud
stage. Apply insecticide only if threshold exceeded.
(10 points)
Arthropod Management
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Scout for spotted tentiform leafminer at the early
petal-fall stage. (15 points)
Arthropod Management
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Scout for white apple leafhopper at the early
petal-fall stage and weekly until late June. Apply
insecticides only if threshold exceeded. (10 points)
Arthropod Management
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Scout for woolly apple aphid weekly all summer;
good control by insecticide is most likely if detected
when infestation just beginning. (10 points)
Arthropod Management
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Begin plum curculio sprays at petal fall and 14
days later in blocks where plum curculio has been a
problem. (10 points)
Arthropod Management
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Select insecticides and miticides based on
minimizing toxicity to predatory mites and
beneficial insects. (10 points)
Arthropod Management
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Rotate miticide product selection from year to year
to avoid development of resistant populations. (10
points)
Arthropod Management
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Spray a codling moth granulosis virus product to
control codling moth.
Apply pheromone mating disruption products for
CM and/or OFM.
Use a broadleaf ground cover in drive rows rather
than a grass, to provide habitat for predatory
mites.
Remove or destroy culled fruit.
Arthropod Management
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Use trunk bands of corrugated cardboard to trap
codling moth pupae; remove and destroy in June
and post-harvest.
Use paper bags to enclose individual fruit to
protect from pests.
Summary
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Opportunities exist for some monetary incentives for
improving your pest management practices
Meeting the qualifications probably will not be
difficult for most growers
Conducting this self assessment allows you to
compare your operation with that of others
ADDITIONAL IPM RESOURCES
FOR NRCS
NORTHEASTERN VEGETABLE IPM JOBSHEET
www.maine.gov/ipm
OR
http://www.ipm.msu.edu/work-group/home.htm
KATHY MURRAY
MAINE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND RURAL RESOURCES
http://ipmprime.org
A new, online pesticide evaluation tool for farmers, advisors,
program managers, policy makers and others to fully evaluate
pesticide options for impacts on health and the environment.
• Use Google Earth Imagery to map
your field and identify sensitive-sites
and mitigation zones.
• Automatically retrieve soils data from
NRCS’s soils databases
• Create and save pesticide application
records to generate site-specific risk
ratings for human health, small
mammals, birds, earthworms, fish and
other aquatic organisms.
Project Partners: Oregon State University, BCS Ecologic, Pesticide Research Institute,
Environment Canada, Waterborne Environmental, Natural Resources Defense Council
and IPM Institute of North America.
NRCS Advisor: Joe Bagdon
Thanks to major funders to date including NRCS Conservation Innovation Program, US EPA Region V, US
EPA Region X, General Mills and Unilever.
QUESTIONS?
FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT
THE NORTH CENTRAL NRCS AND
IPM WORKING GROUP,
INCLUDING MEMBER DIRECTORY
AND IPM RESOURCES
DEVELOPED/ADAPTED BY THE
WORKING GROUP, VISIT:
HTTP://WWW.IPM.MSU.EDU/WORK
-GROUP/HOME.HTM
Additional IPM Resources for
NRCS (Contd.)
• North Central Fruit IPM Tool*
• North Central Field Crop IPM Tool *
•Northeastern Vegetable IPM Jobsheet *
• Guide to IPM Elements and Guidelines *
• All State IPM/Vegetable/Fruit newsletters
and websites, or at least most prominent
ones.
* Available on NRCS and IPM Working Group website.