Biomethane in Denmark
September 12 2013
Biogas production in Denmark
- Present and future
By Bruno Sander Nielsen
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Danish Biogas Association
Joint biogas
plants
Farm scale
biogas plants
Research
Consultants
Secretariat:
Chairman: Aksel Buchholt
Secr.: Bruno Sander Nielsen
Agriculture
Energy sector
Waste handling
Sub-suppliers
Danish Biogas Association
Constructors
Biogas production 2012
April 23 2012
20.5
Wastewater
%
4.2
Industrial
4.6
Landfill
Manurebased
70.7
898.393
184.3
TJ
203.31
3096
Wastewater
Industrial
Landfill
Danish Biogas Association
Manurebased
Biogas – Danish model
April 23 2012
Organic
”waste”
Manure
Biogas
Plant
Digested
biomass
Danish Biogas Association
Renewable
energy
April 23 2012
25 years of Danish biogas experience
Manure - from a farmers
problems to an opportunity for
the
whole
society
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Biogasproduction 1990-2012
Manurebased biogas plants
3500
2½ MT livestock manure
Target: 15+ MT
3000
2500
2000
Centralized
Fællesanlæg
TJ
Farm scale
Gårdanlæg
1500
1000
500
0
Danish Biogas Association
Total
Danish biogas plants
September
2013
April423
2012
Number of plants

22 centralised biogas plants

60 farm scale biogas plants


Biomass in biogas plants
Manure
2½ mill. t
Organic residues 0.5 mill. ton
Total
3.0 mill. ton
Danish Biogas Association
September
2013
April423
2012
Biogas – currently and potential
70
60
SOEC opgrading
50
Landfill gas
Gardens and park
40
PJ
Household/kitchen waste
Meat and bone meal
Industrial waste import
30
Industrial waste DK
Sewage sludge
20
Livestock manure
10
0
Current
Potentiale
Danish Biogas Association
September
2013
April423
2012
Biogas – currently and potential
70
60
SOEC opgrading
50
Landfill gas
Gardens and park
40
PJ
Household/kitchen waste
Meat and bone meal
Industrial waste import
30
Industrial waste DK
20
10
5 % of energy consumption
20–25 %. af natural gas
20–25 % of road transport
0
Current
Potentiale
Danish Biogas Association
Sewage sludge
Livestock manure
September
2013
April423
2012
Biogas – currently and potential
70
60
SOEC opgrading
50
Landfill gas
Gardens and park
40
PJ
Household/kitchen waste
Meat and bone meal
Industrial waste import
30
Industrial waste DK
20
10
5 % of energy consumption
20–25 %. af natural gas
20–25 % of road transport
0
Current
Potentiale
Danish Biogas Association
Sewage sludge
Livestock manure
September
2013
April423
2012
Biogas – currently and potential
70
60
50
App. 90 % of natural gas for
Co-generation or
Industry/households/service
SOEC opgrading
Landfill gas
Gardens and park
40
PJ
Household/kitchen waste
Meat and bone meal
Industrial waste import
30
Industrial waste DK
20
10
5 % of energy consumption
20–25 %. af natural gas
20–25 % of road transport
0
Current
Potentiale
Danish Biogas Association
Sewage sludge
Livestock manure
September
2013
April423
2012
Biogas – currently and potential
70
60
50
App. 90 % of natural gas for
Co-generation or
Industry/households/service
SOEC opgrading
Landfill gas
Gardens and park
40
PJ
Household/kitchen waste
Meat and bone meal
Industrial waste import
30
Industrial waste DK
20
10
5 % of energy consumption
20–25 %. af natural gas
20–25 % of road transport
Sewage sludge
Livestock manure
Energy crops
Organic biogas
0
Current
Potentiale
Danish Biogas Association
Habitats
Aquatic biomass
April 23 2012
Restrictions in energy crops
Without limits
• Fodder residues
• Organic
• Crop residues
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Restrictions in energy crops
Without limits
• Fodder residues
• Organic
• Crop residues
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Restrictions in energy crops
Without limits
• Fodder residues
• Organic
• Crop residues
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Restrictions in energy crops
Without limits
• Fodder residues
• Organic
• Crop residues
Danish Biogas Association
Gaspotential
26. juni2013
2012
12. september
Clovergras
Beet
Maize
Beet tops
Household waste
Aquatic
Garden and park
Ditches
Randzoner
Natural habitats
Catch crops
Straw
Extra organick waste
Zero!
50 pct. livestock manure
Kilde: AgroTech 2013
0
100
200
Mio. m3 metan
300
400
April 23 2012
Energy agreement 22. marts 2012
DKK/GJ
CHP
Gas grid
Proces
Transport







Basis
Suppl.
79
79
39
39
Temporary Total
26
26
26
26
10
10
10
10
115
115
75
75
26 DKK regulated according to natural gas pris
10 DKK will be stepped out with 2 DKK per year from 2016 – 20
El. payment into force from juli 1 2012 (if approved in Bruxelles)
Same subsidy when injected in gas grid as to CHP
Gascompanies owned by municipalities can invest in production
Task force to examine and guide projects
If not enough development in 2014 – perhaps obligatory purchase
April 23 2012
Payment electricity
El. payment 1995 - 2030
1,6
1,4
Before 2003
1
After 2003
After 2008
0,8
After 2012
0,6
Incl proces
0,4
0,2
2029
2027
2025
2023
2021
2019
2017
2015
2013
2011
2009
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
0
1995
DKK pr. kWh
1,2
April 23 2012
Expectations to development
Danish Ministry for Climate and Energy
 App. 40 projects – different stage of development
all were implementet +8 PJ – total 12 PJ
 Projection from 2012: 17 PJ in 2020
 If expectation not met in 2014 the politicians will
assess the situation
 If

Risk for delayed or cancelled
 Notification
of agreement delayed (at least to oct.)
 Construction subsidies (aug. 2015)
 Other: economy, gas sale, planning, localization
Danish Biogas Association
26. juni 2012
1. Will we get the expected development?


Hopefully – but not without new initiatives
Current situation
 Notifikationen delayed – a basal precondition!
 We got 1.15 DKK pr. kWh / 115 kr. pr GJ, BUT
The 10 will be phased out quickly
 The 26 and 10 are not regulated for inflation
 NOx-, methane-, energy-, ”forsyningssikkerheds”/biomass taxes
 Construction subsity 20  30 pct.  ???
 Increasing natural gas prises erodes the electricity price
 We are far from 1.15 DKK/kWh

 Expensive
and fluctuating cost for injection to gas grid
 August 2015 is very soon (construction subsidy)
 Environmental approval takes long, long time
Danish Biogas Association
26. juni 2012
2. If not, what should be done?
1.
LONG TIME FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS
Ensure the economy is not eroded
a)
b)
c)
2.
Aktive integration into energy system
a)
b)
c)
3.
The value should be secured on 2012 level
Construction subsidies in the future – or alternative to this
Facility to guarantee to facilitate loan
Gassystem has the cost except to nearest 4 bar net
Promote new utilisation of biogas such as transportation
Rådigheds-/backupkapacitets-/stabiliseringspræmiering
Smooth administration of environmental approvals
a)
b)
Follow the national rules
Fast appeal proces
Danish Biogas Association
Public support for biogas!
April 23 2012
The government wants to increase subsidies to biogas.
Is this a good idéa?"
Don't know
No
Yes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Procent
From: Altinget 19. januar 2011
Danish Biogas Association
September
2013
April423
2012
Government Green Growth Plan 2009
Promotion in biogas through

From currently 5 % to 50 % of manure into biogas in 2020

Co-ordination plan for construction of biogas plants

Plan for integration of biogas into the energy sector

Obligation for municipalities to point out where to build plants

Distribution in natural gas grid on equal terms as direct co-generation

Equal opportunities for biogas to earn money as natural gas suppliers

Financing
 20 % construction subsidy (in total 300 mill. DKK from 2010 to 2012)
 loans guaranteed by municipalities
 Capital from investors
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Danish ressource strategy
Delayed for more than a year
Internal discussions in government ressources vs. economy
What do we expect?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prevention of waste
From incineration to reuse/recirculation
Source separation
Wet fractions to biogas
April 23 2012
Household waste – several koncepts
Mixed
REnescience/DONG
Source separated
Aikan/Solum
Ecogi/Komtek
Danish Climate Plan

April 23 2012
From 50 to 60 per cent of manure digested
 App.
130,000 tonne reduction in GHG
 CHP: 400 – 700 DKK per tonne CO2-eq.
 Upgrading 1200 DKK per tonne

45 mill. DKK in 3 years for 30 % of extra cost for
heavy duty cars on methane compared to diesel
GHG reduction tonne CO2-eq. DKK/tonne
100 % natural gas
317
941
50 % biogas
50.000
466
100 % biogas
100.000
411
Danish Biogas Association
Alternative fuels
1,387
Elbiler
April 23 2012
1,777
1,512
ETOH 2G
1,656
Socio economic costs
1,518
1,57
ETOH 1G
1,383
1,421
Biogas
SØK omk. 2020
SØK omk. 2010
1,394
1,369
Naturgas
1,44
1,417
Benzin
1,462
1,44
Diesel
1
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
DKK/km
From: Energistyrelsen 2012
Alternative fuels
April 23 2012
CO2 emissions for small cars 2020 and 2030
From: Energistyrelsen 2012
Biogas – a flexible fuel

April 23 2012
Fits into the energy system in many ways
 Decentralised
co-generation
 Distribution in gas net (biogas/mixed/natural gas)
 Individuel or district heating
 Process fuel in industry
 Transportation fuel

Engines, boilers, fuel cells
Danish Biogas Association
Conclusion











April 23 2012
Development steady for 10 years – few new plants
Substantial improvement of framework conditions
Waiting for notification proces in EU
Economy still challenged
New iniatives necessary to reach 50 % manure
Task Force report end of 2013 – political proces 2014
Main focus on manure and organic residues
Household waste could end up in wastewater treatment plants
Until now all used in CHP plants – in future also upgrading
Transportation – have gas grid - need filling stations and vehicle fleets
With the right long term framework conditions we will se a substantial
increase in biogas/biomethane production
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Thank you for
your attention
www.biogasbranchen.dk
bsn@lf.dk
Danish Biogas Association
Flexibility required to integrate
fluctuating wind/wave power
April 23 2012
… increasing towards 2025
4500
4500
2010
4000
4000
3500
3500
3000
3000
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
0
Wind power
Demand
2025
Wind power
Demand
Need for up/down grading of production within hours/minutes/seconds
Danish Biogas Association
Kilde: Energinet.dk
Flexibility required to integrate
fluctuating wind/wave power
April 23 2012
… increasing towards 2025
4500
4500
2010
4000
4000
3500
3500
3000
3000
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
0
Wind power
Demand
2025
Wind power
Demand
Need for up/down grading of production within hours/minutes/seconds
Danish Biogas Association
Kilde: Energinet.dk
Current gassector
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Future gassector?
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Why promote biogas?







April 23 2012
Supply security
Stabilising windpower dominated energy system
Efficient and cheap reduction af GHG emissions
Environmental protection (eutrophication, smell)
Recirculation of nutrients from residuals and waste
Jobs
Export of food and technology
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Renewable energy in Denmark
140
120
100
PJ
80
60
40
20
0
1980
'81
'82
'83
'84
'85
'86
'87
Wind
'88
'89
Straw
'90
'91
Wood
Danish Biogas Association
'92
'93
Biogas
'94
'95
'96
'97
'98
Biodegradable waste
'99
'00
'01
'02
'03
Heat pumps etc
'04
'05
'06
'07
'08
Danish energy policy




From oil to coal, natural gas and renewables
Widespread natural gas grid
From centralised power plants to decentralised cogeneration of power and district heating
Transportation is fossil
 No

April 23 2012
tax reductions on biofuels
High share of windpower in power system
 Renewable
but unpredictable and unreliable
 Backup systems needed
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Biogas -stable and flexible
Biogas production
 Continous,
stable and predictable
 Up/down regulation through seasons
Biogas utilisation
 Adaptation
to demand
 Storage on biogas plant
 Injection into gas grid
 Back-up for windpower
Danish Biogas Association
September
2013
April423
2012
30 years of incentives in Denmark
Society
 Decrease dependency on
imported fossil fuel
 Protection of drinking and
surface waters
 Decrease emission of
greenhouse gases
 Fossil free and stable
energy supply
Agriculture
 Improved utilisation and
storage capacity
 Relations to neighbours
 Redistribution of manure
 Extraction of surplus of
nutrients
 New business
Development promoted by
 Legislation regarding handling of manure and energy
 Subsidies for research, demonstration, documentation, etc.
 Framework conditions – construction and feed in tarifs
Danish Biogas Association
Biogas plants


April 23 2012
Not only for production of renewable energy
But a multifunctional tecnology for
 Renewable
energy and energy supply security
 Sustainable agricultural development
 Environmental protection
 Rural development
Danish Biogas Association
Farmers advantages







April 23 2012
Better relations to neighbours
Improved nutrient value
Redistribution of nutrients
Removal of excess of nutrients
Alternative to slurry soil injection equipment
Handles all manure from small and large farmers
Delivers more goods to society than just food
Danish Biogas Association
Societal advantages






Greenhouse gas reduction
Protection of aquatic environment
Rural life quality (smell)
Pathogen reduction
Energy security
Optimal biomass utilisation
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
April 23 2012
Danish biogas - conclusions

Biogas is now a top priority in Danish politics as a tool to


solve societal challenges (climate, less fossil dependent
energy supply, security of energy supply, jobs etc.)
Based on conversion of residues into energy and fertilisers
manure, waste from industry, households, natural habitats
 to be used for power, heat and transportation


Biogas utilisation will be diversified
Currently locally in CHP plants
 Future part of national and international grids (power, gas)


Development is dependent on

long term steady framework conditions
Danish Biogas Association
Biogas and separation
Danish Biogas Association
April 23 2012
Biogas and separation
Fiberfraction
April 23 2012
Digested slurry
Decanter
15 – 20 % of volume
70 pct. P
Most of organic nitrogen
Danish Biogas Association
Liquid fraction
80 – 85 % of volume
80 % of nitrogen
Almost all ammonium
Low P content
Biogas and separation
Fiberfraction
April 23 2012
Digested slurry
Decanter
Soil improver
or biofuel
15 – 20 % of volume
70 pct. P
Most of organic nitrogen
Danish Biogas Association
Liquid fraction
Environmental and
social friendly
fertiliser
80 – 85 % of volume
80 % of nitrogen
Almost all ammonium
Low P content
Biogas and separation
April 23 2012
Utilisation of Nitrogen in winter
wheat
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Cattle
slurry
Danish Biogas Association
Pig slurry Digested
slurry
Liquid
fraction
September
2013
April423
2012
Biogas – perspectives and challenges

Perspectives
 Huge potential (manure, organics)
 Climate protection, energy supply
 Decentralised infrastructure
 Export of know-how and technology
Existing centralised plants
Required new plants (ex)






Challenges





Huge increase in production
Development based on experience
Less waste dependent plants
Integration in energy sector
Ressource primarily in Jutland
Danish Biogas Association










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Map: Con Terra