HMS TRAFALGAR (SSN)
A Submarine is only ever called a:
BOAT
Naval Terminology
Designed to Confuse
•
SS:
Submarine
•
SSN:
Submarine (Nuclear Propelled)
•
SSBN:
Submarine (Nuclear Propelled with
Ballistic Missiles)
•
FF:
Frigate
•
DD:
Destroyer
•
DDG:
Destroyer with Guided Missiles
•
CV:
Carrier
•
CVF:
Carrier with fixed wing aircraft
Classes of SSN (Hunter Killer)
2nd Generation
• HMS Swiftsure
• HMS Sceptre
• HMS Spartan
• HMS Splendid
• HMS Sovereign
• HMS Superb
(S Boats)
Classes of SSN (Hunter Killer)
3rd Generation
• HMS Trafalgar (T boats)
• HMS Turbulent
• HMS Tireless
• HMS Torbay
• HMS Trenchant
• HMS Talent
• HMS Triumph
• Astute (A Boats)
Tomahawk Land Attack Missile
Fired from HMS Splendid
Missile in Flight
One Less Command Bunker
HMS VANGUARD (SSBN)
Classes of SSBN (Bomber)
• HMS Vanguard (Trident)
• HMS Victorious
• HMS Vengeance
• HMS Vigilant
What Happens Underwater
The Trident Missile
The Deterrent
THE SUBMARINE MUST BE ABLE TO:
Maintain watertight integrity
Withstand pressure at depth
Remain manoeuvrable
Provide a stable platform to carry and fire weapons
Provide a habitable environment for the crew and to house
machinery
Remain undetected - Very quiet
Work independently of air
SEA PRESSURE INCREASES AS
THE SUBMARINE GOES DEEPER.
The Problem:
:
In PSI, pressure is approximately equal to ½ the depth in FEET.
At 100ft sea pressure is:
50 PSI
In BAR, pressure is approximately equal to 1/10 of the depth in
METRES.
At 30m sea pressure is:
3 BAR
At a submarine’s Maximum Operating Depth a submarine is
having to withstand pressures of 650 psi or 35 Bar
BASIC SUBMARINE CONSRUCTION
THE STRENGTH OF THE HULL IS
INCREASED BY ADDING:
T Frames
Bulkheads
Decks
Numerous holes are cut into the pressure hull for access
and services,all of which weaken the pressure hull.
In order to restore it to its original strength, heavier
plating is welded around each opening,these plates are
known as:
HULL INSERTS
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
BUOYANCY
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
NEUTRAL
BUOYANCY
BUOYANCY
MAIN BALLAST TANK
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS AFFECTING
BUOYANCY
Sea water density
Salinity
Temperature
Compressibility
Down & Out
Up & In
SUBMARINE STABILITY
The Centre of Gravity is the point through which the entire weight
of the submarine may be said to act.
All heavy machinery and weights are placed at the bottom of the
submarine to keep the centre of gravity as low as possible,this
improves stability.
THE CENTRE OF BUOYANCY:
Is the point through which the entire upthrust on
the submarine may be said to act
STABILITY
Stability is the submarine’s resistance to
heeling forces
STABILITY
OPERATING ZONES
• NORMAL OPERATING ZONE
• MAXIMUM EXCURSION DEPTH
(20% BELOW DDD)
• CRUSH ZONE
CONTROL SURFACES
Control the submarine’s Course and
Depth
FOREPLANES
Work in conjunction with the after planes to control pitch and depth
AFTERPLANES
Work in conjunction with the fore planes to control pitch and depth
RUDDER
Controls the Heading of the Submarine
HUNTER KILLER
COMPARTMENT LAYOUT
FWD ESCAPE
WEAPONS EMBARKATION HATCH
CONTROL ROOM/ACCOMODATION
FWD ESCAPE
REACTOR COMPARTMENT
CONNING TOWER
MANOUVERING ROOM
MAIN ACCESS HATCH
ENGINE ROOM/MMS
AFTER ESCAPE HATCH
ENGINE ROOM HATCH
BALLISTIC MISSILE SUBMARINE
COMPARTMENT LAYOUT
ACCOMODATION/FOREENDS
WEAPONS EMBARKATION HATCH
MISSILE COMPARTMENT
FWD LET/MAIN ACCESS HATCH
REACTOR COMPARTMENT
CONNING TOWER HATCH
MACHINERY SPACE
MID LET
AFT LET
ENGINE ROOM HATCH
FIN
Integral with the casing is the FIN.
It has 3 distinct functions:
• Supports and houses the masts and periscopes.
• Provides an elevated platform for conning and navigation.
• Strengthened for icebreaking and streamlined by shutters.
MASTS & PERISCOPES
SUBMARINE SYSTEMS
In order to operate efficiently and independently, the
submarine needs :
• Water systems
• Air systems
• Hydraulic systems
• Environmental systems
• Sanitary systems
BALLAST SYSTEM
The primary function of the Ballast System is to adjust the
bodily weight of the submarine.
BALLAST SYSTEM
TRIM SYSTEM
The primary function of the trim system is to adjust the horizontal
plane of the submarine.
TRIM SYSTEM
BILGE SYSTEM
The primary function of the Bilge System is to collect and
store dirty water & other fluids prior to subsequent
discharge overboard.
BILGE SYSTEM
DOMESTIC FRESH WATER
The function of the domestic fresh water system is to
provide hot and cold fresh water for drinking,domestic
and other purposes.
HIGH PRESSURE AIR
To supply clean dry air @276 bar to:
A)
Main Ballast Tank blows.
B)
Charging Emergency Bottle Groups.
C)
Auxiliary Vent & Blow.
D)
After Planes in air emergency.
E)
Reactor Air services.
HP AIR SYSTEMS
HPA HAZARDS
• Hearing can be impaired
• Damage to health
HP BLOW SYSTEM
To blow the main ballast tanks with
276 bar air to achieve positive buoyancy
HP BLOW SYSTEM
NUCLEAR STEAM RAISING PLANT
The pressurised water reactor generates heat to boil water,producing
steam to drive the main turbines for propulsion and the turbo generators
for electrical generation.
The PWR is the submarines main source of power:it uses nuclear fission to
generate the heat that is used to produce steam.
REACTOR,SHOWING STEAM
GENERATOR
LAYOUT OF A REACTOR COMPARTMENT
The control rods are raised and
lowered to maintain the reactor
temperature inside a predetermined
band
A reactor SCRAM is the dropping in of the control rods by the
reactor protection system to shut down the reactor and preserve
personnel and submarine safety.
ABSOLUTE SAFETY
ESSENTIALS
COOLING WATER
for Decay Heat Removal
ELECTRICS
for Reactor Instrumentation/Monitoring
Cooling Water
Must keep water in the primary circuit
• Very high integrity system
• Make up system
ELECTRICAL POWER
DISTRIBUTION
The submarine requires a source of electrical power in order to
function.
To provide this we have a system of generators and interlinking
cables and switches.
ELECTRICAL GENERATION
Provides a safe reliable source of
AC/DC electrical power for:
•
Navigation
•
Weapons systems
•
Heating
•
Lighting
•
Alternative methods of propulsion.
ELECTRICAL POWER
DISTRIBUTION
TURBO GENERATORS
The primary method of producing electrical power is two steamdriven
Turbo Generators located in the Main Machinery
Space(MMS)
They produce the main AC electricity at 440V 60 Hz 3 phase.
MAIN BATTERY
Provides a high integrity DC electrical supply in the event of a loss
of the AC power generating capability
MOTOR GENERATORS
M.G’s keep the Main Battery fully charged under normal conditions
and in the event of a TG failure they can supply the AC system
from the Main Battery
DIESEL GENERATORS
There are 2 Diesel Generators fitted that can be used to charge
the main battery during normal battery routines and in various
machinery breakdown states,e.g. a prolonged reactor scram
SHORE SUPPLIES
Shore supplies provide a method of supplying electricity alongside,
using cables connected from the jetty to the submarine.
THE PROPULSION SYSTEM
The function of the propulsion system is to provide a method of
driving the submarine through the water,surfaced or dived,whilst
retaining the ability to remain undetected.
MAIN PROPULSION UNIT & SHAFTING
MAIN TURBINES
The main turbines convert the steam produced by the NSRP
(Nuclear Steam Raising Plant) into rotational movement to drive
the gearbox via the clutches.
MAIN GEARBOX
The main gearbox transfers the drive from the main turbines to
the shaft and reduces the turbine speed at a specific reduction
ratio.
EMERGENCY PROPULSION MOTOR
(EPM)
The EPM provides an alternative method of turning the
shaft in the event of a loss of steam or mechanical
failure of the turbines and is clutched in or out when
required.
SECONDARY PROPULSION MOTOR
(SPM)
The SPM is used in the event of a main shafting failure or loss of
the gearbox, and when manoeuvring in confined waters
EMERGENCY BREATHING SYSTEM
To supply clean, breathable, filtered air at 7 bar throughout the
submarine when the submarines atmosphere is contaminated.
EMERGENCY BREATHING SYSTEM
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
To supply a liquid at pressure to move heavy and essential items of
equipment
Quietly Efficiently
and Remotely
MAIN HYDRAULICS
6 main uses of Main Hydraulics are :
• Fwd hydroplanes
• Main vents
• Water tight doors
• HP Blow valves
• Masts & Periscopes
• Hull Valves
EXTERNAL HYDRAULICS
4 Main uses of External Hydraulics are:
• Anchor windlass
• Capstans
• Bowcaps & flap valves
• Secondary Propulsion Motor
AFTER HYDRAULICS
After Hydraulics is used exclusively for:
• Afterplanes
• Rudder Control
ENVIROMENTAL SYSTEMS
• Ventilation System
• Snort Induction System
• Air purification
• Air conditioning
• Sanitary systems
VENTILATION SYSTEM
• To circulate and distribute air throughout the submarine
• To provide adequate ventilation of the battery under all
conditions.
• To exhaust stale or contaminated air from the submarine
and replace it with fresh.
• To provide adequate air supplies to run the onboard diesels
VENTILATION SYSTEM
SNORT INDUCTION SYSTEM
To supply a fan induced supply of fresh air to the
ventilation system when the submarine is on the
surface or at periscope depth.
AIR PURIFICATION
To ensure clean breathable air is provided throughout the
submarine & that contaminants are removed.
AIR CONDITIONING
To maintain a habitable environment for personnel and ensure
suitable cooling is provided for electronic equipment where
necessary.
SANITARY SYSTEMS
SANITARY, SLOP DRAIN & SEWAGE
To provide seawater for flushing the Heads and provide effluent
storage prior to subsequent discharge overboard.
GASH DISPOSAL
To provide a method of discharging gash without surfacing the
submarine.
INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS
• To transfer voice information within the submarine.
• To provide telephone communication with the shore
exchange when in harbour.
• To keep the crew informed of any emergency or general
interest.
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS
To transmit and receive information between the command
headquarters ashore whilst remaining dived and covert.
SONAR 2076 ARRAY LAYOUT
S&T Update