The National Climate Change Response Policy
Carbon Tax Stakeholder Consultation
University of Cape Town
1 November 2013
National Climate Change Response Policy
VISION
Transition to a climate resilient and
lower-carbon economy and society
National
Climate
Change
Response
Policy
OBJECTIVE
Manage CC impacts
through interventions
that build & sustain SA’s
social, economic &
environmental resilience
OBJECTIVE
Make a fair contribution
to the global effort to
stabilize GHG
concentrations……..
Overall approach
Needs driven and customised: employing a wide range of different
approaches, tailored for the specific actors, organisations, sectors
Developmental: prioritising climate change responses that have
significant mitigation / adaptation benefits, AND have significant
economic growth, job creation, public health, risk management and
poverty alleviation benefits.
Transformational, empowering and participatory: address climate
change at a scale of economy that supports the required innovation
and finance flows needed for a transition to a lower carbon, efficient,
job creating, equitable and competitive economy
Dynamic and evidence based: Build on existing successful policies
and measures, ensuring policy alignment, and scaling up
Key elements of mitigation
• Build on what already exists
• Assess mitigation potential in key sectors and identify a set of viable
options for reducing GHGs in key sectors
• Assess socio-economic costs /benefits of mitigation opportunities
• Develop desired emission reduction outcomes (DEROs) per sector
• Agree on the optimal combination of measures, appropriate to each
sector, to achieve the DEROs (including the carbon tax, carbon
budgeting approach, setting of efficiency targets, use of standards
and regulation etc).
• Sectors / sub-sectors to formulate mitigation plans, to achieve DEROs
• Monitoring and evaluation
Sectors: energy, industry, transport, waste & agriculture,
Key issues:
Pricing carbon is key to driving transition to a green
economy
Part of the spectrum of measures available to achieve
emission reductions
How to integrate the carbon tax with other measures to
achieve emission reductions, increased energy efficiency
AND increased productivity , competitiveness and local
manufacturing of green technologies
Options for the carbon tax to interface with measures for
achieving emission reductions depend primarily on the
level and nature of the emission reduction outcomes, per
sector
Key issues cont...
The carbon tax could be dovetailed with the process of
setting desired emission reduction outcomes (DEROs)
• Use the tax as a compliance tool, in relation to the set emission
reduction objectives per sector (and measures to achieve them),
in order to drive energy efficiency, improve productivity and
increase investment in green technology
• Each sector has specific characteristics and dynamics - decisions
on sector threshold levels and on the optimal combination of
measures or instruments to achieve emission reductions need
to be informed by an assessment of sector characteristics
National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory System
(NAEIS)
NAEIS System overview
Emission
Summary
Tables
Activity Data
Sub-Module
Emissions
Processing: the
heart of the EI
inventory
module
Emissions
Reporting
Public
Interface
for
emissions
results
Inventory
results are
documented
and archived
EmissionFactor
Sub-Module
E = M x EF
What pollutants are included in NAEIS
Pollutant
South Africa
NAAQS
NAEIS
Capability
Yes
Yes
1. Criteria Pollutants
 PM, SO2, NOx, CO, Benzene, Dust, Lead
•
Other metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickel, etc.)
Yes
2. Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)
Yes
3. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
Yes
4. Green House Gasses (GHGs)
Yes
Emission
Summary
Tables
Activity Data
Sub-Module
Emissions
Processing: the
heart of the EI
inventory
module
Emissions
Reporting
Public
Interface
for
emissions
results
Inventory
results are
documented
and archived
EmissionFactor
Sub-Module
E = M x EF
About the Activity Data module
Activity Data
Sub-Module
• On-line forms and file submission functionality
• Emitter has joint control of information on the EI system
(own access, generate facility-level reports)
• Supporting documents (evidence) upload function
• Multiple authority platforms [single tool, multi-authority
access]
• Cater for top-down and bottom-up information requirements
• QA/QC tool [Virus, formatting, completeness, internal
consistency checks, calculation errors]
• Real-time validation [Historical and defined thresholds]
Emission
Summary
Tables
Activity Data
Sub-Module
Emissions
Processing: the
heart of the EI
inventory
module
Emissions
Reporting
Public
Interface
for
emissions
results
Inventory
results are
documented
and archived
EmissionFactor
Sub-Module
E = M x EF
EmissionFactor
Sub-Module
About the EF module
System has default and country specific
emission/plant-specific emission factors
Database of emission factors accessible to all users
Metadata about the EF in the database
EmissionFactor
Sub-Module
NAEIS emissions factor library
Emission
Summary
Tables
Activity Data
Sub-Module
Emissions
Processing: the
heart of the EI
inventory
module
Emissions
Reporting
Public
Interface
for
emissions
results
Inventory
results are
documented
and archived
EmissionFactor
Sub-Module
E = M x EF
About the Processing module
Emissions
Processing: the
heart of the EI
inventory
module
• Emissions calculation algorithms based on the 2006 IPCC
guideline methodologies
• Module allows for top-down and bottom-up methodologies
Allow for time series development of AD, EF and Emissions
Results
• Allow for recalculations when new AD and EF is available
• Historical and recalculated data should be kept by the system
(archiving)
System handles both pollutants and GHGs
IPCC Sectors (GHG
Emissions)
Sec 21 ( Air pollutant
emissions)
Energy
Non-energy
use and
feedstock
Combustion:
Stationery +
Mobile
Process
Emissions
Waste
Fugitive
Energy
IP + PU
Production of
Primary and
Secondary fuels
Energy
Recovery
Pulp + Paper:
Forest
Management
A+FO+LU
Waste
Emission
Summary
Tables
Activity Data
Sub-Module
Emissions
Processing: the
heart of the EI
inventory
module
Emissions
Reporting
Public
Interface
for
emissions
results
Inventory
results are
documented
and archived
EmissionFactor
Sub-Module
E = M x EF
About the Reporting module
Emissions
Reporting
• System is able to package data based on sectoral,
provincial, local, national level, (see next slide)
• Multiple export formats (current and historical data)
• A public interface developed for ease of access by the
general public
• System is linked with GIS functionality
• Inventory results are documented and archived
Data Mining
•
Search emission data by
•
Pollutants, Year, Location, Sector
System Implementation
•
•
•
•
System will go-live in January 2014
Reporting period – calendar year
Mandatory reporting – January 2015
Reporting regulations – April 2013
THANK YOU