FRQ
► Part
A: primate city is the largest city in a
country AND is more than twice the size of
the next largest.
► Rank-size rule: The nth largest settlement
is 1/n of the largest. The third largest
settlement is 1/3 of the largest.
► Mexico City is a primate city and does not
follow the rank-size rule.
► Total: 3 points
Two positive effects of primate cities
on economic development. (2points)
Advantages of agglomeration of economic activity.
► Large market for goods and services.
► Ability to offer high-end goods and services (including
education) because of larger threshold
► population.
► Advantages of enhanced flow of information and ideas in
large population.
► Advantages of centralized transportation and
communication network.
► Global trade opportunities; primate cities can compete on a
global scale and attract foreign investment.
►
Two negative effects of primate cities
on economic development. (2points)
►
►
►
►
►
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Unequal distribution of investments deters national
economic development.
Unequal economic and/or resource development.
Unequal distribution of wealth and/or power.
Transportation network (hub and spoke) prevents equal
accessibility to all regions.
Impact of centrifugal forces and difficulties of political
cohesion on economic development.
Brain drain — migration and unequal distribution of
education, entrepreneurship, opportunities.
Negative externalities, e.g., unsustainable
urbangrowth/slums/environmental impacts if these
arerelated to economic development, e.g., burden on
national economy to cope with problems.
City Models
► For
US cities the city models deal with
socioeconomic status – aka class.
► Upper class, middle class, lower class
Concentric Zone – Burgess Model
Bid Rent Theory
Burgess Model con’t.
► CBD
is the center
► Everything is in relation to the CBD
► Based on Chicago in the early 1900’s
► Problem: many upper class/wealthy
individuals are moving closer to the CBD in
neighborhoods: ex. – Gold Coast, Lincoln
Park
Sector Model – Homer Hoyt
Sector con’t.
► CBD
is still the focal point of this model
► Zones extend along transportation routes
► Also based on Chicago
► This model describes Chicago much better
than Burgess – specifically industrial sectors
and high class residential
Multiple Nuclei – Harris and Ullman
Multiple Nuclei con’t.
► Suggest
urban growth is independent of the
CBD
► Airports and universities support the
multiple nuclei model. How?
Maps of Indianapolis
► The
following maps of Indianapolis reflect
different data and all show a different
spatial pattern that represents one of the
previous models. Try to identify the model.
13-10
13-8
13-9
Latin American City Model
Latin American model con’t
► Wealthiest
push out in an elite sector in a
narrow spine with amenities for the rich
► Squatter settlements are on the periphery
European Cities
► Most
of the wealthy live close to the CBD –
different from most American cities.
► As a result most live in small houses,
townhouse, and condos.
► Where do most Europeans go for open
space?
► Most cities were built before cars
Vondel Park, Amsterdam
Prague, Czech Republic
Copenhagen, Denmark