EFFECT OF ETHANOL CONCENTRATION ON EMISSION IN THE DUAL FUEL OPERATION OF JETROPHA METHYL ESTER AND ETHANOL IN A DIESEL ENGINE NAME OF THE GUIDE MR.S.VIJAYARAJ. ME. (PhD)., PROJECT MEMBER K. AJAI MITHUN FELIX(05ME01) S. BALA MURUGAN(05ME13) A. TAMILARASAN(05ME49) D.VIGNESH VARAN(05ME54) AIM Emission reduction on direct injection diesel engine fueled by methyl ester of non edible oils like Jatropha produced by transesterification process and with various percentage by concentration of ethanol in dual fuel mode by fumigation process. OBJECTIVE To develop a complete alternate fuel C.I engine by direct injection of bio-diesel and ethanol by fumigation technique with reduced emission. Then the project also addressed the issue of increased CO & NOx emission in dual fuel mode using dilution of ethanol concentration. Then to concluded that non edible oil can be used in transesterification form as methyl ester in dual fuel mode with ethanol using fumigation process which can produce better performance with reduced emission. REASONS FOR SELECTING THE TOPIC • Ethanol is one of the best tools to fight vehicular pollution, contains 35% oxygen that helps complete combustion of fuel and thus reduces harmful emission. • A country like India where agriculture is the main occupation and kirloskar engines are mostly used by the farmers for various applications. Our project focuses not only on bio-diesel but also on the ethanol for use in stationery diesel engines METHODOLOGY • Selection of non edible oil source. • To standardize the process of preparing methyl ester from various non edible oil. • To prepare and study of the properties of methyl ester • Design of fumigation apparatus in the conventional diesel engine • Conducting the performance and emission testing for dual fueled engine with direct injection of methyl ester and fumigation of various percentage of ethanol as supplementary fuel. • Conducting the performance and emission testing for the above dual fueled engine for various concentration of ethanol. • Result and discussion EXPECTATION OF PROJECT • Expecting properties of methyl ester is closes to diesel. • To obtain perfect combustion by fully using alternative fuel. • Reduce NOx emission by varying the concentration of ethanol. • Better performance and reduced emission using alternative fuel. APPLICATION • Better fuel economy with increased efficiency provides economical advantages over conventional fueled vehicle • It will reduce the emission of CO, CO2, NOx, HC, and smoke emission compared with diesel. • As Eco-friendly fuels are used in vehicles using this type of engine environmental degradation can be reduced. • It will increased agriculture productivity and cultivation of our country. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS Engine 1 cylinder 4 stroke Diesel (Computerized) Make Kirloskar water cooled power 5.2 kW at 1500 rpm bore 87.5 mm. stroke 110 mm 661 cc, CR 17.5 Dynamometer Type eddy current water cooled with loading unit Piezo sensor Range 5000 PSI with low noise cable Make PCB piezotronics Crank angle sensor Resolution 1 Deg, Speed 5500 RPM with TDC pulse. Make Kubler-Germany Model Engine indicator Input Piezo sensor ,crank angle sensor, No of channels 2 Communication RS232 Make-Cuadra Model AX-104 Type Dual channel. Engine interface Input RTDs, Thermocouples, Air flow, Fuel flow, Load cell, Output 0-5V,No of channels 8 Temperature sensor Make-Cuadra, Type RTD, PT100 and Thermocouple, Type K Fuel flow transmitter Calibration range 0-500 mm H2O Output linear, Make Yokogawa Load sensor Make Sensotronics Sanmar, Type S beam Universal Capacity 0-50 kg GAS ANALYSER SPECIFICATION PARAMETER RESOLUTION ACCURACY RANGE Flue temperature 0.1 (c/f) 1 C+/-0.3% of reading 0-11000C,32-21400F Inlet temperature 0.1 (c/f) 1 C+/-0.3% of reading 0-600C,0-999F Oxygen(O2) 0.1% -0.1%+0.2% 0-25% Carbon monoxide 1ppm +/-20ppm<400ppm 0-10,000ppm Nitric Dioxide 1ppm +/-5ppm<100pp 0-10,000ppm Nitrogen Dioxide 0.01mbar/k 500ppm 0-150mbar Carbon Dioxide 0.1% +/-0.3% +/-5% of reading Gas measurement PROPERTIES OF JATROPHA ESTER Acidity as mg of KOH/gm 1.36 Kinematic viscosity@40Deg.C in CST 9.63 Density@ 15Deg.C/15Deg.C 0.8547 Conradson carbon residue 0.20% Pour point -8 Deg.C Flash point by PMCC method 194 Deg.C Cloud point 2 Deg.C Ash content 0.0012% Gross calorific value in Kcals/kg 10138 Distillation range: 60% by volume recovery@ Temp 80% by volume recovery@ Temp 338 Deg.C 375 Deg.C OBSERVATION FOR SOLE FUEL SI.NO. Applied Load in kg Time taken for 10cc of fuel sec Diesel 1. 2. 3. 4. 100% Jatropha methyl ester OBSERVATIONS FOR JATROPHA METHYL ESTER WITH VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ETHANOL S.NO Load W Time taken for 10cc of jatropha methyl ester consumption sec 95% 1. 2. 3. 4. 90% 85% 80% 75% Time taken for 10cc of ethonal consumption sec 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% FORMULA USED 1.Fuel consumption (FC),kg/hr. Fuel consumption was calculated using equation. FC = (10/Tavg) * ((x*sp.gr of BD+ y*sp.gr of ethanol)/1000) * 3600 Where Sp.gr = specific gravity of used Tavg = average time taken for 10cc of fuel consumption in sec x= Fraction of Biodiesel in the blend y=Fraction of ethanol in the blend 2.Brake power (BP),KW Brake power was calculated using eqn BP = calculated load/(*1000) 3.Specific fuel consumption (SFC) kg/kw-hr Specific fuel consumption was calculated using the eqn. SFC = (fuel consumption)/(Brake power) 4.Fuel power (FUP),kw Fuel power was calculated using the eqn. FUP = (FC*CV)/3600 Where FUP = fuel power in kw FC = fuel consumption in kg/hr CV = calorific value in kJ/kg 5.Brake Thermal Efficiency(%) Brake Thermal Efficiency was calculated using the equation BTH = (BP/FUP) * 100 Where BP = Brake power in kw BTH = Brake Thermal Efficiency in % FUP = Fuel power in kw 6.Indicated Power,kw IP = FRP + BP Where FRP = Friction Power in kw BP = Brake Power in kw 7.Indicated Thermal Efficiency(%) Indicated Thermal Efficiency = (IP/FP) * 100 Where IP = Indicated Power in kw FP = Fuel Power in kw 8.Mechanical Efficiency(%) Mechanical Efficiency = (BTH/ITH) * 100 Where BTH = Brake Thermal Efficiency in % ITH = Indicated Thermal Efficiency EXPECTATIONS AND APPLICATION • Better fuel economy with increased efficiency provides economical advantage over conventional fueled vehicles. • Reduced the emission of CO, CO2, NOX, HC and smoke emission compared with diesel. • As eco-friendly fuels are used in vehicles using this type of engine, environmental degradation can be reduced. • It will increase agricultural productivity by cultivation of oil bearing trees in Non arable land and giving impetus to sugar plantation for ethanol production which will increase the GDP of our country. • It can reduce the import of oil in-turn saving valuable foreign exchange. 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