EFFECT OF ETHANOL CONCENTRATION ON
EMISSION IN THE DUAL FUEL OPERATION OF
JETROPHA METHYL ESTER AND ETHANOL IN A
DIESEL ENGINE
NAME OF THE GUIDE
MR.S.VIJAYARAJ. ME. (PhD).,
PROJECT MEMBER
K. AJAI MITHUN FELIX(05ME01)
S. BALA MURUGAN(05ME13)
A. TAMILARASAN(05ME49)
D.VIGNESH VARAN(05ME54)
AIM
Emission reduction on direct
injection
diesel engine fueled by methyl ester of
non edible oils like Jatropha produced by
transesterification process and with
various percentage by concentration of
ethanol in dual fuel mode by fumigation
process.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a complete alternate fuel C.I engine by direct
injection
of bio-diesel and ethanol by fumigation
technique with reduced emission. Then the project also
addressed the issue of increased CO & NOx emission in
dual fuel mode using dilution of ethanol concentration.
Then to concluded that non edible oil can be used in
transesterification form as methyl ester in dual fuel mode
with ethanol using fumigation process which can produce
better
performance
with
reduced
emission.
REASONS FOR SELECTING THE TOPIC
• Ethanol is one of the best tools to fight vehicular
pollution, contains 35% oxygen that helps
complete combustion of fuel and thus reduces
harmful emission.
• A country like India where agriculture is the
main occupation and kirloskar engines are
mostly used by the farmers for various
applications. Our project focuses not only on
bio-diesel but also on the ethanol for use in
stationery diesel engines
METHODOLOGY
• Selection of non edible oil source.
• To standardize the process of preparing methyl ester
from various non edible oil.
• To prepare and study of the properties of methyl ester
• Design of fumigation apparatus in the conventional
diesel engine
• Conducting the performance and emission testing for
dual fueled engine with direct injection of methyl ester
and fumigation of various percentage of ethanol as
supplementary fuel.
• Conducting the performance and emission testing for
the above dual fueled engine for various concentration
of ethanol.
• Result and discussion
EXPECTATION OF PROJECT
• Expecting properties of methyl ester is closes
to diesel.
• To obtain perfect combustion by fully using
alternative fuel.
• Reduce NOx emission by varying the
concentration of ethanol.
• Better performance and reduced emission
using alternative fuel.
APPLICATION
• Better fuel economy with increased efficiency provides
economical advantages over conventional fueled vehicle
• It will reduce the emission of CO, CO2, NOx, HC, and
smoke emission compared with diesel.
• As Eco-friendly fuels are used in vehicles using this type
of engine environmental degradation can be reduced.
• It will increased agriculture productivity and cultivation of
our country.
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
Engine
1 cylinder 4 stroke Diesel (Computerized) Make Kirloskar water cooled power 5.2
kW at 1500 rpm bore 87.5 mm. stroke 110 mm 661 cc, CR 17.5
Dynamometer
Type eddy current water cooled with loading unit
Piezo sensor
Range 5000 PSI with low noise cable
Make PCB piezotronics
Crank angle
sensor
Resolution 1 Deg, Speed 5500 RPM with TDC pulse.
Make Kubler-Germany Model
Engine indicator
Input Piezo sensor ,crank angle sensor, No of channels 2 Communication RS232
Make-Cuadra Model AX-104 Type Dual channel.
Engine interface
Input RTDs, Thermocouples, Air flow, Fuel flow, Load cell, Output
0-5V,No of channels 8
Temperature
sensor
Make-Cuadra, Type RTD, PT100 and Thermocouple, Type K
Fuel flow
transmitter
Calibration range 0-500 mm H2O Output linear, Make Yokogawa
Load sensor
Make Sensotronics Sanmar, Type S beam Universal
Capacity 0-50 kg
GAS ANALYSER SPECIFICATION
PARAMETER
RESOLUTION
ACCURACY
RANGE
Flue temperature
0.1 (c/f)
1 C+/-0.3% of reading
0-11000C,32-21400F
Inlet temperature
0.1 (c/f)
1 C+/-0.3% of reading
0-600C,0-999F
Oxygen(O2)
0.1%
-0.1%+0.2%
0-25%
Carbon monoxide
1ppm
+/-20ppm<400ppm
0-10,000ppm
Nitric Dioxide
1ppm
+/-5ppm<100pp
0-10,000ppm
Nitrogen Dioxide
0.01mbar/k
500ppm
0-150mbar
Carbon Dioxide
0.1%
+/-0.3%
+/-5% of reading
Gas measurement
PROPERTIES OF JATROPHA ESTER
Acidity as mg of KOH/gm
1.36
Kinematic viscosity@40Deg.C in CST
9.63
Density@ 15Deg.C/15Deg.C
0.8547
Conradson carbon residue
0.20%
Pour point
-8 Deg.C
Flash point by PMCC method
194 Deg.C
Cloud point
2 Deg.C
Ash content
0.0012%
Gross calorific value in Kcals/kg
10138
Distillation range:
60% by volume recovery@ Temp
80% by volume recovery@ Temp
338 Deg.C
375 Deg.C
OBSERVATION FOR SOLE FUEL
SI.NO.
Applied Load
in kg
Time taken for 10cc of fuel
sec
Diesel
1.
2.
3.
4.
100% Jatropha
methyl ester
OBSERVATIONS FOR JATROPHA METHYL
ESTER WITH VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF
ETHANOL
S.NO
Load
W
Time taken for 10cc of jatropha
methyl ester consumption
sec
95%
1.
2.
3.
4.
90%
85%
80%
75%
Time taken for 10cc of ethonal
consumption
sec
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
FORMULA USED
1.Fuel consumption (FC),kg/hr.
Fuel consumption was calculated using equation.
FC = (10/Tavg) * ((x*sp.gr of BD+ y*sp.gr of ethanol)/1000) * 3600
Where
Sp.gr = specific gravity of used
Tavg = average time taken for 10cc of fuel consumption in sec
x= Fraction of Biodiesel in the blend
y=Fraction of ethanol in the blend
2.Brake power (BP),KW
Brake power was calculated using eqn
BP = calculated load/(*1000)
3.Specific fuel consumption (SFC) kg/kw-hr
Specific fuel consumption was calculated using the eqn.
SFC = (fuel consumption)/(Brake power)
4.Fuel power (FUP),kw
Fuel power was calculated using the eqn.
FUP = (FC*CV)/3600
Where
FUP = fuel power in kw
FC = fuel consumption in kg/hr
CV = calorific value in kJ/kg
5.Brake Thermal Efficiency(%)
Brake Thermal Efficiency was calculated using the
equation
BTH = (BP/FUP) * 100
Where
BP = Brake power in kw
BTH = Brake Thermal Efficiency in %
FUP = Fuel power in kw
6.Indicated Power,kw
IP = FRP + BP
Where
FRP = Friction Power in kw
BP = Brake Power in kw
7.Indicated Thermal Efficiency(%)
Indicated Thermal Efficiency = (IP/FP) * 100
Where
IP = Indicated Power in kw
FP = Fuel Power in kw
8.Mechanical Efficiency(%)
Mechanical Efficiency = (BTH/ITH) * 100
Where
BTH = Brake Thermal Efficiency in %
ITH = Indicated Thermal Efficiency
EXPECTATIONS AND APPLICATION
• Better fuel economy with increased efficiency provides
economical advantage over conventional fueled
vehicles.
• Reduced the emission of CO, CO2, NOX, HC and
smoke emission compared with diesel.
• As eco-friendly fuels are used in vehicles using this type
of engine, environmental degradation can be reduced.
• It will increase agricultural productivity by cultivation of oil
bearing trees in Non arable land and giving impetus to
sugar plantation for ethanol production which will
increase the GDP of our country.
• It can reduce the import of oil in-turn saving valuable
foreign exchange.
CONCLUSION
Then to conclude that Jatropha oils can be used
after transesterification as methyl ester along
with ethanol by fumigation in dual fuel mode in a
direct
injection diesel engine for various
percentage of ethanol with ethanol dilution
which can produce better performance with
reduced emissions.
REFERENCE
•
H.Raheman, A.G Phadatare. Diesel engine emissions and performance from blends of
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M.Foidl,G.Foidl, M.sanchez, M.Mittlebach, S.Hackel. Jatropha curcus.L as a source for
production of bio-fuel in Nicaragua. International journal of Bio-resource Technology 1996;
58: 77-82.
•
M.Senthil Kumar, A.Remash, B.Nagalingam. An experimental comparison of methods to
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E.A Ajav, Bachchan Singh, T.K Bhattacharya. Performance of a stationary diesel engine
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R.Udayakumar, S.Sundaram and K.Sivakumar. Engine performance and exhaust
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