LNG
- TODAY, TOMORROW“La cantieristica navale italiana alla prova del
GNL. Prospettive opportunità e
iniziative in corso”
- Autorità Portuale di Genova
Palazzo San Giorgio 27 Ottobre 2014
Summary
• WHY LNG
• STATUS QUO AND NOVELTIES
• THE EXPERIENCE IN THE MECHANICAL
DRIVES APPLICATIONS
• TOMORROW’S CHALLENGES
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WHY LNG
Environment
LOCAL
NOx
LOCAL
Acid rains
Tier II (2011)
Tier III (2016)
LOCAL
Particulate
matter
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SOx
Acid rains
Sulphur content in fuel from
2015 worldwide
GLOBAL
Direct impact on humans
Locally regulated
CO2
Greenhouse effect
Energy Efficiency Design Index
(EEDI)
Fuel prices trends
Fuel price [USD/MMBTU]
35,0
Marine Gas Oil Rotterdam
Marine Diesel Oil Rotterdam
180 Centistoke Rotterdam
380 Centistoke Rotterdam
Henry Hub (Natural Gas)
30,0
25,0
20,0
15,0
10,0
?
5,0
0,0
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Revised Marpol Annex VI Regulation 13
Wärtsilä standard NOR is dimensioned for reaching the IMO Tier 3 level.
NOX (g/kWh)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Primary methods operation area
Tier I >130 kW
New ships 2000
Wärtsilä NOR
operation area
0
200
400
600
800
Tier II >130 kW
New ships 2011
Secondary methods operation area
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Rated engine speed (rpm)
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Tier III >130 kW
Upcoming requirement,
New ships inside Emission
Control Areas (ECA)
Marine sulphur limits
Sulphur limit (%)
4.5
World
3.5
–97%
–86%
ECA
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
California
2011
2010
2009
1.5
1.0
0.5
EU in ports
0.1
2008
–71%
–78%
–67%
Review of the 0.5% S global limit to be performed in 2018. In case readiness is not deemed to be
sufficient by 2020, the introduction of the limit will be postponed to 2025.
Fuel type
Exhaust gas cleaning
Particulate Matter (PM)
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Not regulated = both HFO and distillate are permitted.
Permitted alternative under Regulation 4 to achieve any regulated limit.
No limit values.
Emission Control Area (ECA) landscape
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NOX compliancy
How to comply with recently confirmed IMO Tier III?
Catalyst
Natural Gas
(Nitrogen Oxides Reducer)
...or...
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SOX compliancy
How to comply with Sulphur limits?
Change fuel
...or...
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Natural Gas
Scrubber
(low sulphur distillates)
...or...
STATUS QUO AND
NOVELTIES
Dual-fuel application references
LNG Carrier
Multigas Carrier
Ro-Ro
Bulk Carrier
Conversion
Merchant
150 vessels
5 vessels
2 vessels
1 vessels
1 vessels
~ 650 engines
OSV’s
• 31 vessels
• 96 engines
6 segments
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Navy
Production
• 2 platform
• 9 FPSO’s etc.
• 1 FSO
• 40 engines
Offshore
Cruise &
Ferry
Coastal Patrol
• DF-propulsion
• DF main and
auxiliary engines
TUG
• 2 vessel
• 2 engines
each
• Mechanical
drive
Others
LNG Cruise
ferry
• 1 vessels
• 4 engines
• Complete gas
train
LNG ferries
• 4 ferries
• 18 engines
Conversion
• 1 ferry
• 2 engines
DF Power Plant
• 67 installations
• 354 engines
• Output 4600 MW
• Online since1997
Power Plants
>1,000 engines
>10,000,000 running hours
Guide Ship
• 1 vessel
/engine
IWW
• 2 vessel
• 3 engines
LNG as cargo
LNG is never stable in cargo tanks
flexibility is the reason why DF-E has been successful
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LNG as marine fuel
LNG is lighter than Diesel but requires more space
System integration and Ship Design are key factors
LNG tanks
(2 x 500 m3)
Dual Fuel engines
(2 x W6L50DF)
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Wärtsilä 2-stroke DF – Deliveries
Engine type
Expected drawing delivery of Expected first engine delivery
main components
RT-flex50DF
Q2 2014*
Q1 2015**
W-X62DF
Q4 2014*
Q3 2015**
W-X72DF
Q2 2015*
Q1 2016**
W-X52DF
Q3 2015*
Q2 2016**
W-X82DF
Q4 2015*
Q3 2016**
* Expected final drawing delivery is subject to order
** Expected engine delivery varies but is normally
obtained 6 – 12 months after final drawing delivery
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Dual Fuel 2-stroke
Design principles:
High efficiency
Low pressure
Meets IMO Tier III without treatments
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2-stroke DF - Key Technologies
Micro pilot’ and Pre-chamber
technology
• Electronically controlled injectors +
Common Rail fuel supply
• Pilot fuel (for ignition) only 1% minimizing fuel costs
• Pre-chamber technology for best
combustion stability and reduced
emissions
• Technology developed and
proven on 4-stroke
• Option for HFO as pilot will be
available
Pre-chamber
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2-stroke DF - Key Technologies
Engine control and automation
system
Exhaust valve
Pilot fuel pressure
Gas pressure
Control
system
Engine speed/
CA-signal
Engine stop signal
Gas duration
Pilot fuel injectors
2x Gas admission valves
Pilot fuel injector
Gas admission valves
Exhaust valve drive
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08 January 2014
Wärtsilä 2-STROKE / Ingemar Nylund
• Wärtsilä ‘UNIC’ based control
system
• All essential controls in one
system
• Individual control of combustion
related parameters – optimized
engine performance
• Inbuilt Redundancy for ’single
main engine’ application
• Safety functions related to gas
operation including knock- and
misfire detection
Leading into the Gas age – references!
INTO the FUTURE --Baltic SO2lution
Ship type: 2+2 x 15’000 dwt Chemical tankers
Owner: Terntänk of Sweden
Shipyard: AVIC-Dingheng in China
Vessel delivery date: early 2016
Engine type: Wärtsilä 5RT-flex50DF
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Leading into the Gas age – references!
• Ship Type: 14’000 m3 LNG Carrier
• Owner: Zhejiang Huaxiang Shipping Co., Ltd
– Private shipping company
– Major player in LPG transportation market
– One of the owners who acquired the route rights
of LNG transportation in China domestic water
• Shipyard: Qidong Fengshun Ship Heavy
Industry Co., Ltd,
• Delivery date: Sept. 2015
• Engine type: Wärtsilä 5RT-flex50DF
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4-stroke DF Portfolio & Applications
20DF
0.5 -1.8 MW
34DF
5.8- 17.5 MW
> 750 Engines sold for Marine use
> 600 engines 50DF
> 100 engines 34DF
> 50 engines 20DF
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•
•
•
•
Small LNG / CNG vessel
Small cargo vessels
Supply vessel
Offshore application &
Production
Aux. engines with
W46/50DF
•
•
•
•
•
50DF
5
LNG Feeder
Jack-up
Tugs
Small cargo vessels
Barges
Small ferries
Aux. engines with
W34DF & W50DF
•
2,8 – 8,0 MW
0
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
10
15
20
LNG Carriers
Cruise ships
RO-RO/PAX
Ferries
Large Offshore Units
4-stroke DF Portfolio & Application types
20DF
0.5 -1.8 MW
34DF
3,0 – 10,0 MW
50DF
5.8- 17.5 MW
46DF
6.2 -18.3 MW
0
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5
10
15
20
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
LNG Feeder
Jack-up
Tugs
Small cargo vessels
Barges
Small ferries
Aux. engines with
W34DF & W50DF
•
•
•
•
•
Small LNG / CNG vessel
Small cargo vessels
Supply vessel
Offshore application &
Production
Aux. engines with W50DF
•
•
•
•
•
LNG Carriers
Cruise ships
RO-RO/PAX
Ferries
Large Offshore Units
•
•
•
•
•
LNG Carriers
Cruise ships
RO-RO/PAX
Ferries
Large Offshore Units
Dual Fuel 4-stroke
Design principles:
High efficiency
Low pressure
Meets IMO Tier III without treatments
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EXPERIENCES IN THE
MECHANICAL DRIVE
APPLICATIONS
Experience And Development
Wärtsilä DF proven solution :
• Load taking capability
• Intrinsic redundancy – no interruption of operations
• Safety and fuel flexibility
• Application experience with mechanical drive,
single main engine
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Safety and flexibility
Full flexibility
Can start/stop/idle in gas mode
Can operate on all loads in gas mode
Can operate on one lube oil for all fuels
Can operate on cheapest fuel available
Full redundancy no need for additional
equipment
if failure: Instant safety backup maintaining
full power and speed
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Automatic safety trip
100 %
0
Diesel mode
Gas mode
Gas mode operation from 0 – 100% MCR
diesel mode at any load
110 %
% Load
Dual Fuel engine can transfer instantly to
DF Loading test 0–100%, Gas Operation
Engine load
Engine speed
*Frequency variation ~2%
Engine load [%]
Engine speed [rpm]
Gas inject. Duration [time]
*Class requirement max 10% deviation
Loading ramp is done in test conditions, demonstrative and valid for laboratory only
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DF Loading test 0–100% Gas + Diesel Operation
Simulated
gas system
failure
Engine speed
Engine load
DF redundancy proves even in full power ramp-up an sudden failure
in the gas system does not compromise safety
Engine load [%]
Engine speed [rpm]
Gas inject. Duration [time]
Loading ramp is done in test conditions, demonstrative and valid for laboratory only
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Dredgers: Wärtsilä DF latest development
34DF
W6L34DF load step variation succesfull test
specific for dredger application, held on August 2013
Load step test for Duel Fuel 34 engine
120
100
Power [%]
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98100102104106108110112114116118120122124126128130132134136138140142144146148150152154156158160162164166168170172174176178180182184
Time [min]
Loading program done in test conditions, demonstrative and valid for laboratory only
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LPG Carrier: Evergas – Mechanical drive
Fuel
Supply
Reliquefaction
Auxilliary
engines
Cargo
Handling
Propulsion
Gear
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Main
engines
Tank
Design
LPG Carrier: Evergas – Mechanical drive
Twin in –
Single out
TCH350
Shaft
Twin engine
New York
6L50DF
CPP
4E1540
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Twin in –
Shaft generator
Single out
1’600kW
TCH350
LPG Carrier: 4700 m3 – Anthony Veder
Main engine
Shaft
generator
PTO
CPP
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Shaft
W6L34DF
Gear
Vertical
LNGC : 15600 m3 Coral energy
Main engine
Shaft
CPP
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Shaft
generator
PTO
W8L50DF
Gear
Vertical
Tug boat : 80ton Bollard pull - CNOOC
Main engines
W6L34DF
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IWW – LPG Carrier : Chemgas BV
Owner : Chemgas Shipping BV
Delivery : Q4 – 2013
Amount of vessels: 2
“First W20DF + FPP application”
Wärtsilä scope of supply:
• 1*W8L20DF (main engine)
• FPP with nozzle
GEAR
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W8L20DF
Chemical Tanker: Bit viking - DF conversion
Main engine
Shaft
CPP
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W6L50DF
Shaft
generator
Gear
PTO
Vertical
DF for mechanical drive
• Bit Viking - The First vessel
–
–
–
–
–
The First gas conversion
The First Diesel Mechanical gas engine
First Dual-Fuel “single main engine” approval
The First Wärtsilä gas handling system
The First non LNGC gas powered merchant vessel
.... and a happy owner
Before
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After
Background - Main engines conversion
before
2 x W6L46B
5850 kW each
CPP
PTO 1500 kW
WÄRTSILÄ 8L20 1200 kW
CPP
WÄRTSILÄ 8L20 1200 kW
PTO 1500 kW
after
2 x W6L50DF
5700 kW each
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DF mechanical propulsion - Operational experience
Date
1.12.2011
Time
22:15
Vessel speed 14,3 knots
Latitude
N 57°58‘
Longitude
E 6°4'
Heading
100°
Wind speed
10,5 m/s
Wind direction
290°
Wave height (avg.) 4-5 m
Draught
8m
Waves direction
290°
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NORWAY
DF mechanical propulsion - Operational experience
100
1000
Engine
load
900
90
Engine
speed
800
700
600
70
500
60
400
300
50
200
40
100
30
0
0
40
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50
100
Time [s]
150
200
Engine speed [rpm]
Engine load [%]
80
DF mechanical propulsion - Operational experience
100
1000
85%
90
83%
514
600
70
500
60
400
300
200
486
40
37%
rpm
100
30
0
0
50
100
150
200
Time [s]
8s
Engine speed [rpm]
Engine load [%]
700
50
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Engine
speed
800
rpm
80
41
Engine
load
900
Operating hours 24.10.2011 – 5.11.2012
Operating hours
5000
4000
Gas
3000
2000
1000
Diesel
0
24.10.2011 7.1.2012 22.3.2012 5.6.2012 19.8.2012 2.11.2012
• Carbon contents in fuel estimated as follow:
– HFO: 85%-w, LNG: 75%
• Bit Viking saving in annual CO2 production
– 4500 ton CO2
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TOMORROW’S
CHALLENGE
Lng:: THE LOGISTIC CHAIN AND Wärtsilä CONTRIBUTION
Lng
Distribuzione & Trasporto
Generazione Energia
Small-scale
LNG plants
Terminale di
liquefazione LNG
LPG/LNG tanker
Terminale LNG
& Rigassificazione
(FSRU/JRU)
Barges & Stazioni
LNG fuelled
Rifornimento LNG
vessels
LNG carrier
LNG fuelled
vessels
Produzione
FPSO
Esplorazione &
Sviluppo Campo
Esplorazione &
Sviluppo Campo
• Analisi Campo e
successiva
Trivellazione
44
Produzione &
Liquefazione
• Piccole stazioni di
Liquefazione a Terra
e in Mare
• Gas FPSO
Trasporto &
Stoccaggio
Terminali di
Ricezione &
Rigassificazione
Distribuzione &
Trasporto
• Sistemi di propulsione • Gestione carichi LNG • Distribuzione e Logistica
a Gas
• Rigassificazione Jetty di Gas/LNG
• Impianto di Generazione
& Floating
• Sistemi di Trasporto
LPG, LEG & LNG
• Terminali di Ricezione Energia
Wärtsilä FROM DRILLING...
Esplorazione &
Sviluppo Campo
• Sistemi di
propulsione a LNG
per OSVs
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Produzione &
Liquefazione
• Piccole stazioni di
Liquefazione a Terra e
in Mare antiflaring/VOC
Trasporto &
Stoccaggio
• Sistemi di propulsione a Gas
• Sistemi di Trasporto LPG,
LEG & LNG
...TO THE END USERS
LNG come combustibile per trasporto: Supply Chain in una Produzione di LNG di piccola scala
Trasporto
LNG
Carrier
Rigassificazione
LNG
Stoccaggio e
Rifornimento
Distribuzione
Utenze
Terminale Rigassificazione Generazione Energia
Convenzionale
Domanda di Gas crescerà a ~2% CAGR nel 2035
Small LNG
Carrier
Marittimo: Terminale a distribuzione
10% del totale consumo di LNG
(crescita prevista fino al 14% nel 2025)
Terminali
LNG Bunker Vessel
LNG Fuelled Vessel
Liquefazione
Strada
LNG Trailer
Truck
Terminale a Truck
Stazioni di Rifornimento
46
LNG Fuelled Truck
Thank you for your attention
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