A Concise Presentation of Climate
Change Policies Among
the BSEC Countries
Prof. dr Dejan Ivezić,
University of Belgrade
Faculty of Mining and Geology
Belgrade, April 23rd 2012
Promitheas 4: Knowledge transfer and research needs for
preparing mitigation/adaptation policy portfolios
The project aims are the development and evaluation of
mitigation/adaptation (M/A) policy portfolios and the prioritization of
research needs and gaps for twelve (12) countries:
Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Estonia, Kazakhstan,
Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Turkey and
Ukraine
characterized as emerging economies.
Main objectives
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M/A policy portfolios development and assessment
Identification of Needs and Gaps
Knowledge transfer procedures
Dissemination
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BSEC,
BSEC - PERMIS,
BSEC –BC
National authorities and market stakeholders
National Chambers of Commerce,
Relevant departments of United Nations
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Consortium
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Energy Policy and Development Centre of the
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GRC)
Prof. Dimitrios Mavrakis, Project Coordinator
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National Observatory of Athens (GRC)
Institute for Advanced Studies (AT)
TUBITAK – Marmara Research Center(TR)
Energy Strategy Centre of the Scientific Research Institute of Energy (ARM)
University of Belgrade-Faculty of Mining and Geology (SRB)
Institute of Power Engineering (MOL)
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
Finance University (RUS)
Institute for Studies and Power Engineering (ROU)
Polytechnical University of Tirana (AL)
Geotechnological Problems of Oil, Gas and Chemistry (AZ)
Black Sea Regional Energy Center (BUL)
Energy Saving and Energy Management Institute of “Kiev Polytechnic Institute” (UKR)
SRC KAZHIMINVEST (KAZ)
Tallinn University of Technology (EST)
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Energy View of BSEC Countries – 2012
- Special edition on Climate Change policies Country overview and political profile
Economic profile
National climate change policy
 Mitigation/Adaptation policies and strategies
 Mitigation/Adaptation policy instruments
Objectives, Target groups, Rules and influencing mechanisms,
Implementation network
Energy View of BSEC Countries – 2012
- Special edition on Climate Change policies -
National energy policy
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Main energy policies and strategies/ policy instruments
Objectives, Target groups, Rules and influencing mechanisms, Implementation
network
Green Economy
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Green trade and investment opportunities
RES, CDM, JI, ETS, Energy efficiency, etc
Tables with available energy and climate policy data
National data bases necessary for the development
of M/A policy portfolio (CD)
Albania
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Became part of the UNFCCC in 1995 and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2004
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Albania doesn’t have a separate Strategy on Climate Change but the key policy
papers addressing climatic change issues include:
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The National Strategy for Development and Integration (NSDI) 2007-2013
The Environmental Cross-cutting Strategy 2007-2013,
The First and Second National Communication;
The Albanian Policy Paper for Carbon Finance – November 2009.
The Action Plan for the implementation of the Albanian Policy Paper for Carbon Finance;
Actually are in process of the preparation:
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Albanian Strategy for Health Adaptation into the Climate Change Context
Action Plan for Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Albanian Agricultural Systems
Armenia
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UNFCCC entered into force in 1994, Kyoto Protocol in in 2005.
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Mitigation policy
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National Program on Energy Saving and Renewable Energy (2007)
The Second National Environmental Action Program (2008)
Action Plan to Reduce Emissions of Hazardous Substances from Motor Vehicles
Law on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy / Renewable Resources and Energy Efficiency
Fund
Adaptation policy
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Forest Code
The Law on Nature Protection and Nature Utilization Payments
Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts in Mountain Forest Ecosystems
Second National Communication on Climate Change
Law of RA on Environmental Impact Assessment
Azerbaijan
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Ratified Kyoto Protocol in 2000
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Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources - Climate Change and Ozone Center
(Inventory GHG Department, Ozone Department, Climate Change Department and
Department of Mitigation and Adaptation)
• The Law on Energy
• Law on Utilization of Energy Resources
• Law About the Environmental Protection
• Law on Protection of the Environment
• Law of the Azerbaijan Republic on Protection of Atmospheric Air
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The problem of adaptation to climate change is very actual but new theme:
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General Regulations on State environmental and biosphere preserves in the Azerbaijan Republic
General Regulations On National Parks of the Azerbaijan Republic
Initial National Communication (2000)
Bulgaria
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UNFCCC was ratified in 1995; Kyoto Protocol was ratified in 2002 (GHG - 8%)
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With its accession to the EU, Bulgaria joined the EU Emission Trading Scheme (2005)
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The Climate and Energy package is in a process of implementation in compliance and
terms of the legislative documents empowered by the EU. MP includes several groups
of instruments:
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Energy policy: diversification of energy carriers (natural gas to households for heating
purposes), gradual restructuring of the energy balance, energy efficiency, low-carbon
technologies etc.;
Legislation: implementation of EU directives and other laws, ordinances and decisions;
Market: international emissions and quota trade;
Financial: tariffs, funds, programmes, tax policy, subsidies etc.;
Voluntary agreements and Dissemination of information.
AP - Strategy on the Environment Protection:
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Early warning systems for disasters and accidents, relating to climate change;
Information availability about climate change and new behavioural models issues, directed
towards reduction of and prevention from climate change negative effects.
The Ministry of Environment and Waters is working on an Adaptation Strategy, which will
be ready in 2012.
Estonia
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In 1994, ratified UNFCCC, and in 2002, the Kyoto Protocol (- 8% GHG)
The following policy documents have been introduced to mitigate climate change:
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National Programme of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction for 2003-2012.
National Programme for Reduction of Air Pollution from Stationary and Mobile Sources for years
2006-2015.
National Renewable Energy Action Plan up to 2020.
Development Plan 2007−2013 for Enhancing the Use of Biomass and Bioenergy.
National Energy Efficiency Programme for 2007-2013.
The Ambient Air Protection Act.
Environmental Action Plan for 2007–2013.
Environmental Charges Act.
The Transport Development Plan for 2006–2013.
The Estonian Rural Development Plan 2007–2013.
The Environmental Monitoring Act.
The Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management System Act.
There are no direct plans or laws aimed at adaptation to climate change:
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National Environmental Strategy until 2030.
Project of the Nature Conservation Plan until 2020
Estonian National Health Plan for 2009-2010
HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan
Fifth National Communication
Kazakhstan
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Laws on ratification of the UNFCCC (1995) and on ratification of the Kyoto Protocol (2009)
The prospect of transition of the Kazakhstan economy to low carbon development is
substantially defined by political frameworks, the strategic statements are registered in the
state documents:
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The Concept of transition of Republic Kazakhstan to a sustainable development on 2007 – 2024;
The Environmental code of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The strategic plan for development of Republic Kazakhstan till 2020 (Strategy 2020);
Government program on the forced industrially-innovative development of the Republic of
Kazakhstan for the period 2010 – 2014;
The Strategic plan of the Agency on Construction and Communal Services 2011-2015
Law «About support of use of renewed energy sources» (or the RES law, 2009);
Law "About electricity industry"(or Energy Law);
Law" on energy saving and enhancement of energy efficiency” (draft).
Adaptation policy documents:
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Program on Combating the Desertification in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005- 2015
State Program on Developing the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea
State Program of Rural Territory Development 2004–2015;
Program to Fight Desertification 2007– 2017;
Program of the Ministry of Environment "Ghasyl-Damu for 2010-2014"
Moldova
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ratified the UNFCCC in 1995 and the Kyoto Protocol in 2003
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Low Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova to the year 2020 (draft)
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propose mitigation solutions providing economic opportunities;
highlight barriers to the conversion to low carbon emissions economy development;
reinforce and build on existing projects/investments;
prioritise the proposed NAMAs;
propose activities for international support
Law on Renewable Energy
Law on Energy Efficiency
Energy Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until year 2020
UNFCCC CDM
National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy is currently under development
The National Development Strategy (NDS) for 2008-2011
National Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Complex for 2008-2015
Moldova Second National Communication
Romania
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UNFCCC was ratified in 1994; Kyoto Protocol was ratified in 2005 (GHG - 8%)
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The existing legal framework in Romania in the field of climate change allows for a
coherent application of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, consisting of:
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primary legislation, including specific acts on climate change;
general environmental regulations, including climate change aspects;
specific legislation related the sectors to energy, transport, agriculture and forestry, and waste
management;
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As part of its commitments under the UNFCCC, Romania has submitted five national
communications. Romania’s Fifth National Communication to the UNFCCC (NC5) was
submitted in 2010.
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there are no specific adaptation policy instruments. However, taking into account the
actions and the legislation adopted at European level, in Romania also appeared the
need for the elaboration and the promotion of a „Guide on the adaptation to the effects of
the climate changes”, identified also into the National Strategy and National Action Plan
on the climate changes (2005)
Russian Federation
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National climate policy is developed and implemented in three main areas:
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activities ensuring the implementation of national commitments under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto
Protocol;
national economic and social development, involving complex arrangements to limit GHG
emissions;
other national programs and activities which stimulate the reduction of GHG emissions and
adaptation to climate change.
The main concepts of mitigation policy are formulated in a number of official Decrees,
Programs, Federal Laws etc (Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation , Comprehensive
Plan of Action on Implementing the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC in the RF...)
Limitation of anthropogenic impact on the climate change is also regulated by nationwide
programs of economic and social development, as well as by sectoral and corporate
programs.
The signs of adaptation policy can be found in the following documents:
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Comprehensive Plan for Implementing the Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation
The Concept of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development of the RF up to 2020
The Fifth National Communication
Serbia
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Accessed UNFCCC in 2001, Kyoto Protocol in 2007 (entered into force2008)
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Main policy documents that could be implemented for mitigating of climate change:
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Energy Law;
Decree on Incentive Measures for Electricity Generation Using Renewable Energy Sources
and for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Generation;
The First Energy Efficiency Plan of the Republic of Serbia for the Period from 2010 to 2012
Law on Planning and Construction;
National Strategy for Incorporation of the Republic of Serbia into Clean Development
Mechanism -Waste Management, Agriculture and Forestry Sector.
The problem of adaptation to climate change is quite new topic, but indirectly could
be recognized in Serbian strategic documents and laws:
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Sustainable Development Strategy (adopted in 2008)
National Environmental Protection Program
National Strategy for Biodiversity
The First National Communication under the UNFCCC
Turkey
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Turkey has issued a number of laws in line with international directives and agreements for
mitigation:
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The Environmental Law
The Renewable Energy Law
The Energy Efficiency Law
The Regulation on Heat Insulation in Buildings
The Code of Reducing the Ozone Layer Depleting Substance
The Regulation on Control of Air Pollution from Domestic Heating
The Regulation on Industrial Air Pollution Control
The Regulation on Air Quality Assessment and Management
The Regulation on Large Combustion Plants
The Regulation on the Control Exhaust Gas Emissions from Motor Vehicles in Traffic
The National Waste Management Action Plan (2008-2012)
Turkey has strategies and action plan to combat climate change effects as follows:
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National Climate Change Strategy (2010-2020)
Climate Change Action Plan
Turkey's Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
Ukraine
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UNFCCC was ratified in 1996, Kyoto Protocol in 2004
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As part of the Copenhagen Accord, Ukraine committed to ensuring that emissions
remain 20% below 1990 levels in 2020.
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The national policy of Ukraine includes the following legal framework as mitigation
policy instruments:
• Law for the establishment of “Green” tariff
• Law that offers tax incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy
investment
• Law on energy conservation
• Law on alternative sources of energy
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At present time, in Ukraine there is no national adaptation policies adopted
Instead of conclusions
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Mitigation policy exists in all countries but at different levels of development
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Mitigation policy instruments are mainly directed to energy sector
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Adaptation is relatively new topic and policy instruments for its implementation are
generally at the phase of preparation and/or early implementation
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Promitheas 4 - National conferences
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Research needs and gaps
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Post Rio+20 decisions.
Thank you!