Nexus Water – Energy – Climate:
Experiences of KfW-financed projects in
the MENA-region
Dr. Stefan Gramel / Technical Advisor - KfW
Arab Water Week, January 2013
Bank aus Verantwortung
Presentation structure
KfW: Water Sector
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency in Water Supply
2
KfW: Water Sector
Overview (values of 2011)
›Current portfolio EUR 4.8 billion (FC)
›Further EUR 3 billion are mobilised in local funds
›Annual commitments in 2011 in the order of EUR 700 million
›MENA is one of the most important regions for the KfW portfolio
›Trends:
›New types of projects besides traditional water supply, wastewater (as
energy efficiency, climate mitigation/adaptation, re-use…)
›Financing instruments: Larger amount, smaller part of the money from
the German Ministry (example: development loans)
3
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: Analysis of the situation
› Expert analysis regarding possible measures:
› Energy efficiency at WWTP:
limited potential, easier to tackle in the context
of normal rehabilitiation
› Sewage sludge: multiple effects
(1) use of biogas
(2) reduction of emission/energy through
transport
(3) emission of CO2 instead of CH4
4
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: Current status of sewage sludge treatment, disposal
› Mostly no dewatering, no digestion, problems with
drying beds in particular in winter months
› Sludge dried solid frequently < 5%
› Cost for transport/disposal appr. 2 million JD/a
› High danger of groundwater contamination
through liquid sludge on disposal sites
› Main part of processes are anaerobic to CH4:
appr. 150 000 tons CO2-eq through sewage
sludge (appr. CO2-emissions of electricity
production for 150 000 inhabitants)
5
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: new Jordanian-German project financed through KfW
› Definition of new Jordanian-German project re. sewage
sludge in 2012 (financed through KfW)
WWTP besides Al Samra:
• Mechanical dewatering
• Digestion
• Enhancement of
drying beds
• Potentially other
measures (solar drying,
reed beds…)
Al Samra:
• Support for a solution
in relation to the
disposal of the sewage
sludge (e.g. through
co-incineration, monolandfill)
6
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: new Jordanian-German project financed through KfW
Type of measure
Invest, O/M
[€-Cent/m³
drinking water]
Drying beds: Rehabilitiation
2.2
Mechanical dewatering
0.7
Mechanical dewatering and
Solar drying
7.3
Digestion
5.6
Landfill (Al Samra)
1.3
Co-incineration (Al Samra)
0.3
7
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: new Jordanian-German project financed through KfW
Type of measure
Cost for reduction of
Greenhouse-Gases (GHG)
[€/t CO2-eq]
Drying beds: Rehabilitation
961
Mechanical dewatering
19
Mechanical dewatering and
Solar drying
190
Digestion
22
8
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: new Jordanian-German project financed through KfW
› Financial amount: from German side €
20 million plus Jordanian share
› What is done?
› Financing agreement on inter-governmental
level
› Acceptance of KfW-Appraisal report to BMZ
(German Ministry for Development)
› MoM re. main elements between WAJ -KfW
9
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: new Jordanian-German project financed through KfW
› What is coming?
› PQ / Tendering for consulting services
› Detailed investment concept
› Detailed design, tendering, implementation
10
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Tunisia: Sewage sludge programme
› Situation: no general, nationwide solution for
sewage sludge currently (often: storing of sludge
at WWTP site)
› Amount for investment:
€ 27 million plus Tunisian share
› Envisaged measures:
› Sludge treatment (dewatering, digestion…)
› Sludge disposal/recovery (landfill,
agriculture, co-incineration…)
› Detailed concept studies currently ongoing
(nationwide)
11
Wastewater: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Tunisia: Programme for energy efficiency at WWTP
› Situation:
› Appr. 100 WWTP under operation
(the largest 16 are focused here)
› Mostly sludge aerobic stabilization (energy
intensive)
› Preparation of feasibility study just starts
› Based on FS:
Preparation of KfW appraisal report to German
Ministry for Development (BMZ), end of 2013
12
Water Supply: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: Situation
› Water sector is the largest consumer of
electrical energy in Jordan (> 10 % of total
energy consumption)
› High potential for energy reduction
(estimation before project appraisal 20%)
› High potential in particular in the field of
pumping stations, submersible pumps in
wellfields
13
Water Supply: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: Concept of the project on energy efficiency
› Financial amount of the ongoing project:
€ 26 million plus Jordanian share
› Project measures:
› Improvement of energy efficiency at
pumping stations
› Improvement of energy efficiency in wells
› Enhancement of hydraulically critical
situations in pipelines, networks
14
Water Supply: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: ongoing Project on energy efficiency – Status of project implementation
› Pre-screening finalised:
pumping stations, wellfields where to realise
detailed investigations (in particular energy
measurement) are defined
› Energy measurements just started
› PQ/Tendering for detailed design, tendering,
supervision will start soon
15
Water Supply: Climate Protection and Energy Efficiency
Jordan: ongoing Project on Energy Efficiency – First results
› Best 10 wellfields:
Payback period in average 1.7 a
› Best 15 pumping stations:
Payback period in average 2.0 a
› BUT: high level of uncertainty in this phase
(before the detailed measurements)
16
Synopsis
Water Supply
•Potential for the reduction of energy consumption depending on the
water supply structure (large potential in Jordan)
•Results in Jordan indicate high cost efficiency
Waste Water
•Need re. sludge treatment in the MENA-region
•High level of GHG-reduction
17