Europe state-of-art
1st Peer Review Workshop
3 – 5th June, 2013
BUDAPEST
1
CONTENT
Introduction
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The role of the State-of-Art Report in the airLED project
Key output requirements and scope of the State-of-Art Report
Methodology of the State-of-Art Report
Airports and airport regions in Europe
– General overview of airports in Europe
– Passenger traffic of airports in Europe
– Cargo traffic of airports in Europe
– Key demographic and economic (GDP) indicators for airport regions in Europe
– Classification of airport hubs and metropolitan regions in Europe
Market challenges facing airports
– Increasing competition
– Rapidly changing environment
– Footloose airlines and passenger choice
– Airport responses
– Reassessing market power
– New business models
Airport metropolitan area developments
– Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– Key success factors for airport development
– Key success factors for airport generated local and regional economic development
– On and off-site airport development concepts
– Airport cities, airport corridors and intermodal hubs
Conclusions
– Airport development criteria
– Airport impacts on surrounding regions
– Airport city: a dream or realistic ambition?
The role of the State-of-Art Report in the airLED project
• airLED project focuses on the economic development
of catchment areas around airports in the frame of
polycentric territorial cooperation and governance;
• The report presents the situation in the European
airport market, the new tendencies, new challenges to
face and new answers on these challenges;
• Regional airports are not big enough to be unavoidable
but they are big enough to influence their society and
economy, therefore it is indispensable to study the
solutions – good or bad – of other regional airports;
• give some general methodological approach for
investigating the individual situation of a regional
airport.
Airport city concept
What does „airport city” mean? – A theoretical approach of dr. Kasarda
The Airport City model is grounded in the fact that
●in addition to their core aeronautical infrastructure and services,
●major airports have developed significant non-aeronautical facilities,
services and;
●at the same time they are extending their commercial reach and economic
impact well beyond airport boundaries.
Consequently, many airports now receive greater percentages of their
revenues from non-aeronautical sources than from aeronautical sources.
Airport city concept
Airport Cities have evolved with different spatial forms predicated on
available land and ground transportation infrastructure, yet virtually
all emerged in response to four basic drivers:
•airports need to create new non-aeronautical revenue sources, both
to compete and to better serve their traditional aviation functions;
•the commercial sector’s pursuit of affordable, accessible land;
•increased gateway passengers and cargo traffic generated by airports;
•airports serving as a catalyst and magnet for landside business
development.
Airport city concept
Although most aerotropolis development has been organic, spontaneous and
haphazard, in the future it can be markedly improved through strategic infrastructure
and urban planning:
• Dedicated airport links (by road and train)
• Special truck-only lanes
• Time-cost accessibility
• Businesses located in proximity to the airport
• Airport area goods-processing activities segregated from white-collar service
facilities
• Noise and emission-sensitive commercial and residential developments outside
high-intensity flight paths
• Cluster rather than strip development along airport transportation corridors
• Form-based codes should establish general design standards for built ambience
• Place-making and way-finding enhanced by thematic architectural features
• Mixed-use residential/commercial communities - create the sense of
neighbourhood
Airport city concept
Doubts regarding on Dr. Kasarda’s concept
• sustainability of air transport in its present form,
especially since it is completely dependent on
petroleum;
• concentration of those infrastructure around the
aerotropolis which is not unique to air transport and its
consequences on security threats;
• doubts whether air transport has become a driver of
economic activity and trade, it could be a major
partner in the development of an airport catchment
area rather than a substitute for other inputs into these
systems, such as maritime transport, road transport
and rail.
Airport city concept
Doubts regarding on Dr. Kasarda’s concept
What does market need!?
Videoton
Industrial
park West
Industrial
park East
Industrial
park South
Key output requirements and scope of
the State-of-Art Report
• geographical situation of regional airports;
• economic situation of regional airports (as
business units);
• possible special role of regional airports in a
liberalized air traffic situation;
• relations between efficient regional airports
and their catchment area.
Methodology of the State-of-Art Report
Concentrate on basic points which are indispensable to
analyse the concrete situation of regional airports in
Central Europe and the current situation of airports in
terms of
• market,
• spatial development possibilities and
• relations with the stakeholders
We use
• the statistics of the European Union,
• the different annual reports of airports and
• maps
Airports and airport regions in Europe
Passenger traffic of European airports, 2010
• 38,3% less than 100.000 passengers,
• 28,1% 100.000-1,000.000 passengers,
• 21,6% 1 – 5 million passengers,
• 12,0% more than 5 million passengers of which
 6,1% regional airports (5 – 10 million passengers),
 3,9% secondary hubs (10 – 25 million passengers),
 2,0% major hubs (more than 25 million passengers)
Airports and airport regions in Europe
Passenger traffic in Europe, air connections
Airports and airport regions in Europe
Passenger traffic in Europe, high-speed train network
Airports and airport regions in Europe
Passenger traffic of airports in Europe
Airports and airport regions in Europe
Passenger traffic of airports in Europe
Top 12 best connected airports
City / Airport
LONDON – GATWICK
AMSTERDAM – SCHIPHOL
PARIS – CHARLES DE GAULLE
LONDON – STANSTED
FRANKFURT AM MAIN
MUNCHEN
MADRID – BARAJAS
ROMA – FIUMICINO
BARCELONA
PALMA DE MALLORCA
LONDON – HEATHROW
DUBLIN
passengers (thousand) connected
intra – EU
airports, unit
31 407
45 287
59 001
18 586
53 283
34 796
49 831
36 720
29 198
21 080
66 015
18 427
96
93
90
90
89
86
75
73
70
64
60
60
Airports and airport regions in Europe
Passenger traffic of airports in Europe
Airports and airport regions in Europe
Cargo traffic in Europe
Airports and airport regions in Europe
Cargo traffic in Europe
Leipzig
LEJ
Passengers
(arriving and
departing),
persons; 2011
2 263 668
Cologne
CGN
9 623 398
726 250
Liège
LGG
305 281
674 360
Luxembourg
LUX
1 790 791
656 653
London, East
Midlands
Milan
EMA
4 259 816
266 498
BGY
8 416 961
112 249
City
Airport
Cargo (loaded and
unloaded), tons;
2011
743 980
Market challenges facing airports
Consequences of the liberalisation of the European air
traffic
– Point-to-point connections instead via hub
connections,
– Low-cost airlines,
– Footloose airlines instead basic, national airlines,
– Restructuring former sport and military airports,
– 2/3 of European citizens live within 2 hours to 2 or
more airports: increasing possibilities to choose;
Increasing competition on the airport market!!!
Market challenges facing airports
Consequences of the liberalisation on the European
airport market
– Airline and airport businesses more COST FOCUSED,
– Increasing private participation in airport business
because of high capital investment needs
(infrastructure, safety etc.),
– High fixed cost ratio needs to be sunk by increasing
non-aeronautical revenues,
– Traffic volume is crucial: 85% of airports with less
than 5 million passengers are not profitable,
Finding new business models is needed!!!
Market challenges facing airports
New business modells for airports
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Airport network: co-ordinated airport group at national and/or regional level (e.g.:
AENA –Spain, LFV – Sweden, PPL – Poland, Manchester Airport Group – UK)
Alliance anchor hub: hub where the major airline alliance groups connect (e.g.:
London Heathrow, Paris Charles de Gaulle, Frankfurt am Main)
Airport city: airport that provides all major services of a city, without leaving the
site (e.g.: Munich, Zurich)
Multi-modal port: airport city with strong intermodal connections (e.g.:
Amsterdam – Schiphol)
Airport as final destination: airport that provides a retail/service centre for their
own community (e.g.: Athens)
Business traffic: airport that tailors to business traffic (scheduled and/or nonscheduled) (e.g.: London City, Farnborough, Le Bourget)
“Low Cost” Base: airport which focuses on low cost airlines (e.g.: Bergamo,
Charleroi, London Stansted)
Freight platform: airport specifically catering to the needs of freight operations
(e.g.: Liege, Leipzig)
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 1,6 million people,
MUNICH
– GDP: € 77,7 million,
– 37 million passengers
– 286 thou. tons cargo
– Rev.€1.150,6 million
– EBIT €334,6 million
– Real airport city!
– 48% of revenue non-aeronautical.
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 1,4 million people,
ZURICH
– 23 million passengers
– 286 thou. tons cargo
– Rev. CHF905,4 million
– EBIT CHF283,8 million
– Real airport city!
– 64% of revenue aeron.
– 36% of revenue non-aeronautical.
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 1,7 million people,
VIENNA
– GDP € 75,5 million,
– 20 million passengers
– 200 thou. tons cargo
– Rev. € 582,0 million
– EBIT € 67,2 million
– Real airport city!
– 78% of revenue aeronautical activity,
– 22% of revenue non-aeronautical activity.
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 0,6 million people,
BRATISLAVA
– GDP € 18,3 million,
– 2 million passengers
– Only 21 th. tons cargo!
– Rev. € 27,3 million
– EBIT € -3,1 million
– Low cost base
– 72% of revenue aeronautical activity,
– 28% of revenue non-aeronautical activity.
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 1,3 million people,
PRAGUE
– GDP € 38,6 MILLION
– 12 million passengers
– 57 thou. tons cargo
– Rev. € 91,5 million
– EBIT € 1,3 million
– Low cost base
– No data regarding on aeronautical and nonaeronautical revenue.
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 4,4 million people,
BONN-COLOGNE
– GDP € 139,9 million,
– 10 million passengers
– 726 thou. tons cargo
– Rev. € 271,5 million
– EBIT € 21,2 million
– Freight platform
– 66% of revenue aeronautical activity,
– 34% of revenue non-aeronautical activity.
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 3,2 million people,
MILANO-LINATE
– GDP € 143,0 million,
– 8 million passengers
– 112 thou. tons cargo
– Rev. € 644,4 million*
– EBIT € 81,3 million*
– Low cost base and cargo
– 64% of revenue aeronautical activity*,
– 36% of revenue non-aeronautical activity*.
*Malpensa 1, Malpensa2 and Linate together
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 3,5 million people,
BERLIN-SCHÖNEFELD
– GDP € 99,5 million,
– 7 million passengers
– Only 4 thou. tons cargo
– Rev. € 521,5 million*
– EBIT € -74,4 million*
– Low cost base
– 68% of revenue aeronautical activity*,
– 32% of revenue non-aeronautical activity*.
*Berlin Schönefeld and Berlin Tempelhof together
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 1,5 million people,
BRUSSELS - CHARLEROI
– GDP € 77,9 million,
– 5 million passengers
– 0 thou. tons cargo!
– Rev. € 87,5 million
– EBIT € 16,6 million
– Low cost base
– 73% of revenue aeronautical activity,
– 27% of revenue non-aeronautical activity.
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 0,8 million people*,
BASEL - MULHOUSE
– GDP € 18,5 million*,
– 8 million passengers
– Only 18 thou. tons cargo
– Rev. € 101,3 million
– EBIT € 19,4 million
– Low cost base
– 89% of revenue aeronautical activity,
– 11% of revenue non-aeronautical activity.
*without Basel
Airport metropolitan area developments
Detailed analysis of 10 European airport regions
– 1,0 million people,
LEIPZIG
– GDP € 23,4 million,
– 3 million passengers
– 744 thou. tons cargo
– Rev. not available
– EBIT not available
– Freight platform
– Share of revenue aeronautical activity not available,
– Share of revenue non-aeronautical activity not available.
Airport metropolitan area
developments
To be continued…