JUBAIL
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FORUM 2014
Royal Commission for
Jubail and Yanbu [RCJY]
The Architectural Vision to
Overcome the Renewable
Applications impediments in
Gulf Area
Dr.Ehab Ibrahim Foda
O tai s han C on s ulti n g E n g i n eers (O C E )
H e a d O f A rc hi te c tura l D e p a rtmen t
F e b ru ary 20 1 4
Table of Content:
• Renewable Energy Technologies
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Royal Commission for
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• Introduction to Sustainability
• The Renewable Technology Applications in Architecture
• Renewable Applications Challenges
• Renewable energy potentials in the region
• The existing renewable energy projects in gulf Region
• Existing barriers to expansion of renewable Projects
• Suggested solutions to overcome the impediments (in 6 Groups)
• Conclusion
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1. Introduction to Sustainability
In searching for Sustainable Development, developing
countries governments must begin to provide the direct
response for ensuring that their policies, programmes, and
budgets are supporting the economically and ecologically
sustainable development.
ECONOMICS
ECOLOGY
CULTURE
POLITICS
Circles of
Sustainability
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Sustainable Development
Sustainability
Designing for the
Environment
This is the right time to enable
a rapid transition to Renewable
Energy Applying, Specially in
Architectural field, because this
is the easiest way to spread
these technologies.
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Sustainable Energy Sources
“Chernobyl Nuclear Accident” (26 April, 1986)
“Fukushima Nuclear Disaster” (11 March, 2011)
Highlighted that, nuclear power is not safe enough to be the
best alternative power source, for future needs of developing
countries.
But the Renewable technologies could address global climate
change more quickly than nuclear power, and without the
production of radioactive waste or other types of pollution
Chernobyl
Fukushima
2. Renewable Energy Technologies
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2-1 Sources
Renewable means forms of energy which are not
exhausted by use over time and it can be
regenerated in a relatively short time.
The Main renewable resources:
Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass and Hydro.
Direct Solar Irradiance
Renewable resources are available in Gulf Region
2. Renewable Energy Technologies
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2-2 Benefits
There are wide ranges of Renewable Energy benefits
can be addressed under main titles:
CO 2 neutral: Renewable energy sources generally
either do not produce carbon dioxide.
Less polluting: Renewable energy use can reduce
pollution from electricity generation. Sources such
as wind and solar energy do not produce emissions
in power generation.
Sustainability: Renewable energy sources have
long-term sustainability, as opposed to fossil
energy sources which will eventually be exhausted
or the risks of nuclear reactor.
Generating new jobs: The renewable energy
policies and development have the potential to
create new industries and generate new jobs.
2. Renewable Energy Technologies
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2-3 Top Five Renewable Countries
TOP FIVE COUNTRIES
Total renewable power
capacity worldwide exceeded
1,470 gigawatts (GW) in 2012,
up about 8.5% from 2011.
China, the United States,
Brazil, Canada, and Germany
remained the top countries for
total renewable electric
capacity by the end of 2012.
19%
(REN21) RenewableS 2013-GLOBAL STATUS REPORT- www.ren21.net
New Architectural systems tying in the Science and the Art
together to accomplish “Sustainable Architectural Designs”.
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3. The Renewable Technology Applications in
Architecture
Through multidisciplinary approaches professionals can connect
renewable energy applications and architecture in creative
configurations.
Renewable energy can provide basic energy services, including
lighting and communications, cooking, heating and cooling, and
water pumping, in addition to generate electricity.
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3. The Renewable Technology Applications in
Architecture
The Architectural renewable Design produces new ideas
by using the following systems:1. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV),
2. Building-integrated wind energy (BIWE),
3. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP),
2
5
4. Solar power towers,
5. Dish systems,
6. Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV),
7. Geothermal Energy Heat,
8. and Hydropower Electricity.
3
4
1
2
3
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3. The Renewable Technology Applications in
Architecture
8
6
6
8
8
3
7
4. Renewable Applications Challenges
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Many challenges facing the applications of renewable energy
could be summarized in next points:
•
•
•
•
•
•
The key limiting factor is the weakness of government
support and incentives.
The current cost of many Renewable Applications is
relatively high.
The Renewable Applications didn't have the proper
infrastructure.
The public awareness of Renewable Applications is
generally low.
lack of considerations in building and town planning
regulations made Renewables difficult to grow.
Lack of information, advice and training are additional
factors that affect development of the renewable
technologies.
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4. Renewable Applications Challenges
Social and
Environmental
Impacts
- Social benefits
- Environmental
impact
- Availability
- Grid connection
- Technology level
Economic
Factors
Renewable
Applications
Technical
Aspects
- Investments
- Generation costs
- Externalities
- Incentives
- Trainings
Commercialization
Major considerations for developing
Renewable Applications
5. Renewable energy potentials in the region
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German Aerospace Center (DLR) in MED-CSP Study Report
concluded that:
•
•
•
Renewable energy resources can
cope with the growing demand of the
region.
Renewable energies are the least
cost option for energy in the region.
The primary energy received by
each square meter of land equals
1–2 barrels of oil per year.
“Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region”
- 2005 http://www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp
5. Renewable energy potentials in the region
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The Arab Academy of Sciences (AAS) Estimated the Average solar
radiation potential for the desert surfaces in the Arab Region:
•
•
•
•
The Desert area is about (87%) of 14 million km2 [Arab Region Area ]
Equivalent Electric Energy =2.35 x 0.15 = 0.3525 TWh/km 2 /year.
Total Solar Thermal Energy falling on the Arab land = 14 x 106 x 0.87x 2.35
TWh/km 2 /year= 28.623 million TWh/year
or 17889 billion barrels of oil equivalent annually.
This Annual amount of Renewable Energy in Arab Countries
is about 27.5 times the Total existing Arab oil reserves
Arab Academy of Sciences (AAS) and Arab Forum for Sustainability Science (AFFSS) – “renewable and
alternative sources of energy (ARSE)”
www.arabacs.org/Arabic/AlternativeAndRenewableSourcesOfEnergyConference-Beirut.pdf
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6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf
Region
There are some major renewable energy projects in the gulf region;
their total capacity exceeds 600 MW, could be summarized as
below:• Shams (1) is a solar thermal project (100 MW) at Abu Dhabi; it is
a concentrating solar power station that uses parabolic trough
mirrors technology. It covers an area of 2.5 square kilometers.
6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf
Region
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•
Princess Nora University for Women (PNUW) in Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia (KSA). – The World’s Largest Solar Heating Plant (25 MW)
The 36,000m2 solar field integrated with over 900m3 of storage
and the conventional boilers provides district hot water for the
Platinum LEED Princess Nora University for Women (PNUW) in
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KSA)
6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf
Region
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•
The Masdar City, at Abu Dhabi with (10 MW) PV power plant.
Masdar is Abu Dhabi's “clean energy cluster”. It is now under
development on the outskirts of the capital city. It is 218,000 m2
field containing 87,000 solar module installed to light weight steel
racking over 300 km wiring.
6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf
Region
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•
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST) core campus, located on the Red Sea at Thuwal KSA, is sited on more than 36 square kilometers. (KAUST) used
(2 MW) PV and (2MW) equivalent of solar thermal, that produces
5.7% of total campus energy demand.
6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf
Region
828 M
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•
The top roof of the offices at Burj Khalifa at Dubai; there are
378 collector panels, (total area of 1021 m2), can heat the entire
140,000 L of water in approximately 7 h of day time solar
radiation. The solar powered water brings energy savings
equivalent to (3200 kW) per day and (690 MW) of energy per
annum.
6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf
Region
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•
The Bahrain World Trade Center (BWTC) is a 240 m high twin
tower complex located in Manama, Bahrain. (BWTC) holds three
parallel turbines between the two towers. The wind turbines are
expected to provide 11% to 15% of the towers' total power
consumption, or approximately (674kW).
6. The existing renewable energy projects in gulf
Region
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•
Shams Tower, Yas Marina Circuit at Abu Dhabi. The Yas Marina
Circuit is the venue for the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix; it was situated
on Yas Island. Shams Tower was covered with a (291 kW) PV
solar electricity sheets
7. Existing barriers to expansion of renewable Projects
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There are many obstacles that face the
renewable energy applications in the Region,
such as:•
Renewable energy systems are perceived as
more difficult and expensive than traditional
systems
•
The absence of Renewables friendly
regulations
•
The Weakness of the Community funding for
the local renewable energy
•
There is no platform for exchanging
experiences, generating, spreading
innovative ideas and piloting market-oriented
projects
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7. Existing barriers to expansion of renewable Projects
•
The lack of good quality practical
information, advice and training for
investments in renewable energy
applications.
•
There is no mother organization to
gather all the stakeholders such;
national governments and municipalities,
research organizations, project
developers, architects, construction
companies, and financial institutions.
•
There are no Planning policies to
encourage the application of renewable
energy in the Architectural projects.
Mother Organization
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8. Suggested solutions to overcome the impediments
The spread of renewable technology
must start from the applications in
Architectural field because of the
prominent role of Architecture in our
lives.
Architecture is shaping the built
environment and urban space; it also
creates the future cultural heritage of a
particular society.
The improvement of Architectural
designs by using Renewables, will help
in meeting our future expectations and
make our countries more civilized.
(As in the next 6 Groups)
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8.1 The Initiative of Renewable Energy in Architecture
•
Successfully integrated Applications must dependent on Analyze
of the local conditions to evaluate the potentials of renewable
energy resources, and identifying priority projects, in addition to
provide Special Regulations and Guidelines.
•
Explanatory workshops about the new Renewable Energy systems
and its design requirements to be organized regularly for architects
and designers.
•
The generation of new design ideas that
can integrate Renewables with architecture
must be encouraged
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8.2 The Governmental support for Renewable Energy
•
The primary role of local Governments is to define the policy
framework for the Renewable energy applications, through their
policies, programmes, and budgets which is economically and
ecologically sustainable.
•
The framework must include renewable energy targets; urban
planning guidelines; building codes that promote renewable
energy; tax credits, investment, subsidies, grants, or loans; as
well as a variety of informal, voluntary actions to promote
renewable energy at the community level
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8.3 Planning policy that encourage Renewables
•
The Planning Policies must provide appropriate land-use strategies
at local level to indicate the proper types of renewable energy and
incorporate its requirements.
•
Identify the necessary conditions for the integration of renewable
applications in buildings and the urban environment.
•
Promote Renewable technology as a real option for energy sources
in Gulf region's towns and cities.
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8.4 Direct financial support to the investments in the field
Local governments can support the investment in Renewable energy
field through many procedures such:
o Offering special funds for renewable energy field in directly finance
investments.
o Provide no-interest loans, or facilitate markets in other ways.
o Give direct support to investors to provide enough money for clean
technologies and invest in both on- and off-grid energy solutions.
o Encourage companies to make their operations and supply chains
more energy efficient and form public-private partnerships to
expand sustainable energy products and services.
o Insure the cooperation of Industry, government, and academia to
contribute new researches in Architectural renewable applications
with enough budgets.
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8.5 The Arab Gulf Renewable Energy Agency (AGREA)
This presentation suggests establishing the Arab Gulf
Renewable Energy Agency (AGREA); this committee will assist
the local governments in promoting Renewables applications, by
providing:
o Technical assistance and policy advices to the local
authority
o More ambitious market facilitation activities
o Build strong partnerships between local authority and
local actors
o Special platform for private sector actors to exchange
ideas and experiences
o Framework that can facilitate new local market and offer
thousands of new jobs
o Organize many Architectural competitions for using
Renewables that integrated in building design for Gulf
region.
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8.6 Development of Local Expertise
The renewable technology industry should built training
programmes and transfer connected skills with the
application of Renewables in design, installation, operation,
maintenance, repair and spare parts management.
Finally; The results of the projects has to be spread to as
wide an audience in the region as possible.
9. Conclusion
This presentation aiming to :
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•
•
Links the renewable energy development with the architecture
field in Arab gulf region,
Encourages the interactive cooperation between public
institutions, NGOs and the private sector within the region for
that goal.
•
Highlights the importance of local framework policies that
facilitating in-depth country-specific analysis, to provide
access to the market of renewable energy applications.
•
The Local governments should support the investments in
Renewable energy field through all the available procedures.
•
Finally, the renewable technology industry should built training
programmes in design, installation, operation, maintenance,
repair and spare parts management.