Corporate Ecosystem Services Review
Training
Case Study: Mondi
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Case study: Mondi
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Wetland/riparian rehabilitation
Zohar wetland before
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Wetland/riparian rehabilitation
Zohar wetland 1 year after
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Steps in the Corporate Ecosystem Services Review
1. Select the
scope
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Step 1. Scope: South Africa Mondi plantations
Tygerskloof
SiyaQhubeka
Shanduka
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Steps in the Corporate Ecosystem Services Review
1. Select the
scope
2. Identify priority
ecosystem
services
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ECOSYSTEM SERVICES DEPENDENCE AND IMPACT MATRIX
Key
● High
○ Medium
Low
+ Positive impact
- Negative impact
? Don't know
Suppliers
Ecosystem services
Provisioning
Crops
Livestock
Capture fisheries
Aquaculture
Wild foods
Timber and other wood fibers
Other fibers (e.g., cotton, hemp, silk)
Biomass fuel
Fresh water
Genetic resources
Biochemicals, natural medicines, and
' pharmaceuticals
Regulating
Air quality regulation
Global climate regulation
Regional/local climate regulation
Water regulation
Erosion regulation
Water purification and waste treatment
Disease regulation
Pest regulation
Pollination
Natural hazard regulation
Cultural
Recreation and ecotourism
Ethical values
Dependence
Company operations
Impact
Dependence
Impact
○●-
○+
●+
○
●
○
●+
●○?
○+
○
○
●
○
?
●
○
●
○
○
?
+
+
-
●+
○+
Customers
Dependence
Impact
Steps in the Corporate Ecosystem Services Review
1. Select the
scope
2. Identify priority
ecosystem
services
3. Analyze trends
in priority
services
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Step 3. Trends analysis: Freshwater
Reconciliation of water requirements and availability (million m3/a)
SiyaQhubeka
Sub-area name
Mkuze
Mfolozi
Mhlatuze
Mkomazi
Mgeni
Umzimkulu
Mvoti
X
X
X
Tygerskloof
Shanduka
X
X
X
X
X
X
yr. 2000
-15
-47
2
-68
-90
-34
-32
Balance
yr.
2025a
-14
-46
-3
-69
-263
-34
-36
yr.
2025b
-14
-50
-69
-70
-606
-35
-41
National Water Resource Strategy, First Edition, September 2004. Appendix D Page D11.1 (Mvoti to Umzimkulu WMA) and Appendix
D Page D6.1 (Usutu to Mhlatuze WMA).
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Step 3. Trends analysis: Experts consulted
Name
Organization
Subject Matter Expertise
Dr. RJ (Bob) Scholes
CSIR - Pretoria
MA, Natural Rscs & Environment
Dr. Brian van Wilgen
CSIR - Stellenbosch
Alien Invasive Plants
Dr. Russell Wise
CSIR - Pretoria
Payments for Ecosystem (Catchment)
Services
Dr. Marius Claassen
CSIR - Pretoria
Water Resources Policy
Ralph E H Sims
International Energy Agency (Renewable
Energy Unit)
Biomass and renewables
Dr. Timm Tennigkeit
UNIQUE forestry consultants
Biomass and bioenergy
Dr. Anna Spenceley
Private Consultant
Ecotourism
Prof. Roland Schulze
UKZN
Climate Change and Hydrology
Dr. Chris Dickens
Institute of Natural Resources
Catchment Management
Mark Gush
CSIR & UKZN
Water Modeling
Arthur Chapman
CSIR - Stellenbosch
Climate Change and Hydrology
Dr. Donovan Kotze
UKZN
Wetlands
Jeremy Goodall
Plant Protection Research Institute
Working for Water
Myles Mander
Future Works!
Cattle Grazing, PES
Monique Salomon
Centre for Environment, Agriculture, and
Development
Cattle Grazing
Clear Pure Water
Water Trading
Andrew Pott
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Step 3: Trends analysis: Freshwater
1. Condition and trends
• 6 of 7 catchments over-allocated
• All catchments projected deficit by 2025
3. Company activities
• Eucalypt and pine
increase water demands
• Wetland, riparian and
grassland management
increases water quality
2. Direct drivers
• Over-consumption
• Climate change lowering rainfall and
soil moisture
• Water-dependent invasive species
spreading beyond plantation
4. Activities of others
• Major users
– Irrigation: 62%
– Urban: 27%
• Poor management on nearby
farms (irrigation, crop-soil
matching)
5. Indirect drivers
• Entitlements increasingly unclear
• Population growth ~ 0.4% / yr
• Economic growth ~ 5.0% / yr
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Steps in the Corporate Ecosystem Services Review
1. Select the
scope
2. Identify priority
ecosystem
services
3. Analyze trends 4. Identify business
risks and
in priority
opportunities
services
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Step 4. Risks and opportunities
Priority
ecosystem service
Potential risks
Potential opportunities
Freshwater
Biomass fuel
Global climate
regulation
Recreation &
ecotourism
Livestock
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Step 4. Risks and opportunities
Priority
ecosystem service
Freshwater
Potential risks
• Increased water scarcity due to:
– Invasive species
– Nearby farmers
– Climate change
Potential opportunities
• Internal efficiency improvements
• (Co) financing improvements of
nearby farmers
• Use plantation residue in Mondi
generator
• Sell plantation in biomass-toenergy markets
Biomass fuel
• Emerging markets for carbon
sequestration
Global climate
regulation
Recreation and
ecotourism
• Ecotourism market potential
• Grazing reducing productivity
Livestock
• Perceived “under-utilization” of Mondi land
by nearby farmers
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Steps in the Corporate Ecosystem Services Review
1. Select the
scope
2. Identify priority
ecosystem
services
3. Analyze trends 4. Identify business
risks and
in priority
opportunities
services
5. Develop
strategies
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Step 5. Invasive Species: Biofuel potential
Before Clearing
After Clearing
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Step 5. Financing external water efficiencies
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Step 5. Ecotourism potential
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Step 5. Prioritizing opportunities
Opportunity
H
High
M
Medium
L
Low
Possible
ROI
Other
benefits
Ease of
implementation
1. Implement additional internal water
efficiency improvements
H
M
H
Year 1
2. Use invasive species for biomass fuel
H
M
H
Year 2
3. Acquire additional water entitlements
by (co) financing water efficiency
improvements of upstream landowners
M
H
L
Year 2
4. Promote woodlots on marginal
agricultural lands
M
H
M
Year 2
5. Promote coppiced woodlots for
biomass fuel
M
H
M
Year 2
6. Partner with park to capture ecotourism value
L
H
M
Year 2
7. Engage policymakers to improve fresh
water resource use policies
M
H
L
Year 3
Timing
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www.wri.org/ecosystems/esr
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