Rwanda’s Performance against MDGs
Presentation Outline

Introduction

Brief Country Profile

MDGs in the Rwandan Context

Rwanda’s Performance against MDGs


Status at a Glance,

Challenges,

Key Drivers and Lessons Learned,

EDPRS 2: Acceleration of MDGs achievement & post 2015
Conclusion
1
Introduction

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are a set of eight
interdependent goals aimed at reducing poverty and improving the quality of
life, particularly of the rural poor, and represent a global partnership
resulting from the Millennium Declaration at the UN’s Millennium summit
of 2000.

193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations
agreed to achieve these goals by the year 2015.

The MDGs are internationally considered as benchmarks of the progress a
country is making towards sustainable development.
2
Brief country Profile

Geographical coverage of 26,338 km2 and a population of about 10.5 million
people - implying the highest density in Africa (416 people/Km2 )

Rwanda is bordered in the North by Uganda, East by Tanzania, South by
Burundi and DRC in the West

The country was almost destroyed in all aspects by the 1994 genocide against the
Tutsi, but is on an upward rise in every area thanks to the direction provided by
the leadership, commitment of its people & the unwavering support from the
friends of Rwanda

Positive and high real growth rates (average of 8.2% between 2008 and 2012) but
more needs to be done, for instance;


In 2010/11, 44.9% were still living under the national poverty line

Rwanda’s economy depends mostly on agriculture which employs over 70% of the population
EDPRS 2 as a medium-term strategy (2013-2018) aims for better quality of life for all
Rwandans by driving the country to middle income status and putting Rwanda on the path
to meeting the MDGs and the Vision 2020 targets;
3
Trend for the country’s basic Indicators
Rwanda’s basic economic indicators (2007-2013)
Basic indicators
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011 2012 2013
Population (in million)
9.5
9.8
10.1
10.3
10.4 10.5
Real GDP growth (%)
7.6
11.2
6.2
7.2
8.2
8
4.6
GDP per capita ($US)
391
479
519
540
593
644
659
Inflation (% average)
9.1
15.4
10.3
2.3
5.7
6.3
4.2
-
4
What internationally agreed MDGs mean to Rwanda

Milestones towards the Country’s Vision 2020 & Medium Term Socioeconomic plan (EDPRS)

MDGs helped focus on strategic priorities and have been adapted to the
local context

Monitoring and Evaluation of MDGs is also integrated into the national
M&E system

The National Dialogue discusses progress on MDGs
Rwanda’s Performance
against MDGs
6
MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger
( Status at a glance, key drivers, challenges & lessons learned)
7
Poverty levels are reducing….
80.00%
70.00%
Proportion
60.00%
60.40%
57%
50.00%
44.90%
40.00%
30.20%
30.00%
Proportion below poverty line
20.00%
Linear projection
10.00%
0.00%
2000
2006
2011
2015
8
EDPRS 1 – “the hat trick”
2008-2012
average growth of
8.2%
More than 1,000,000 out of Poverty and
Back on Track to achieve the MDGs,
Health, Education etc.
70.0%
Proportion
60.0%
60.4%
57%
50.0%
44.9%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
2000
2006
2011
Proportion below poverty line
9
With Food Security, malnutrition is being
eradicated…
Proportion underweight
30.00%
25.00%
24.50%
20.00%
19.00%
15.00%
14.50%
11.00%
10.00%
Proportion of U5 underweight
5.00%
Linear projection
0.00%
2000
2005/06
2010
2015
10
Contrary to the situation in 2000 & 2005, Rwanda
is on track to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Status at a Glance
Indicator
2000
2005/06
2010/11
2015
target
Status
Poverty headcount
(%)
60
57
44.9
30
On Track
Extreme poverty
incidence (%)
41
37
24.1
-
24.3
22.5
11
14.5
Prevalence of under
5 malnutrition (%
underweight)
Done
MDG1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger
Key Drivers

High economic growth rates since 2000

EDPRS 1

Since 2008, higher growth rates in agriculture contributing to food
security thanks to programmes like Crop Intensification Program (CIP)
that contributed to increasing production and productivity of crops.

The Vision 2020 Umurenge (VUP) flagship program of Rwanda’s
EDPRS

The one-cow per poor family (Girinka) program

The Ubudehe program that allows the community to be part of the
solution to reduce their poverty
MDG1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger
Challenges or areas of focus

Scaling-up existing programs requires more resources

Ensuring sustainability of growth and translation into job creation
MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
(Status at a glance, key drivers, challenges & lessons learned)
14
MDG2: Universal Primary Education
Status at a Glance
Indicator
Net primary
enrolment (%)
Completion rate in
primary school (%)
2000
2005/06
2010/11
2015
target
Status
72.6
86.6
96.6
(2013)
100
On track
22
51.7
78.6
100
On track
Gross Primary School Completion Rates and
Linear Projection
16
MDG2: Universal Primary Education
Key Drivers

The remarkable rise in enrollment has been driven by the government
program of fee-free education up to the first 9 years of school with 6 of those
years being primary schooling years.

The fee-free education has been extended to cover 12 years of basic
schooling, thereby including the entire secondary school cycle
MDG2: Universal Primary Education
Challenges and mitigation measures:



Managing access shock:

Need to build more schools and train more teachers (to reduce pupil to
teacher ratio standing at 59.0 in 2012 from 58.0 in 2011)

Increase availability of textbooks and teaching aides
Managing financial sustainability of fee-free basic education

Education solidarity fund (for vulnerable children) at district level

Capitation grant to schools - introduced since 2003
Continued focus on further improving Quality
MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and
Empower Women
( Status at a glance, key drivers, challenges & lessons learned)
19
MDG3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower
Women
Status at a Glance
Indicator
2000
2005/6
2010/11
2015 Target
Status
Proportion of seats held by
women in national
parliament (%)
26.0
48.8
64 (2013)
50
Done
Girls to boys ratio in
primary
1.00
1.03
1.03
1.00
Done
Girls to boys ratio in
secondary
0.51
0.81
0.93
1.00
On track
Gender gap in literacy
(15-24 Yrs)
-
0.99
1.02
1.00
Done
20
MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and
Empower Women
Key Drivers

Policies & law reforms to promote gender equality: Laws discriminating
against women were abolished e.g.;

The 2003 Constitution provides for at least 30% of seats to women in parliament

Women now have rights to property and inheritance

Active fight against Gender Based Violence (GBV)- e.g. Isange” One Stop
Centre established to provide comprehensive response, care and support
services to girls and boys, women and men survivors of Gender Based
Violence (GBV) or child abuse

Women Economic empowerment programmes; Access to financial services
through women guarantee fund, women entrepreneurship program etc

Institutional mechanisms that enhance gender accountability i.e. Gender
Machineries including; Ministry of Gender and family Promotion, Gender
Monitoring Office, National Women Council etc
MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower
Women
Challenges

Changing culture is not as easy as amending laws (it requires a lot of
sensitization efforts and takes time)

Percentage of women in off farm jobs is still very low- Reversing the current
status is critical to improving the economic status of mainly women headed
households
MDG 4 & 5: Reduce Child Mortality &
Improve Maternal Health
( Status at a glance, key drivers, challenges & mitigation measures)
23
MDGs 4 and 5: A Healthier Population
Maternal Mortality
Under-Five Mortality
250
1071
1000
200
800
750
600
476
400
200
Number of Deaths per
100,000 live Births
268
Linear projection
0
2000
2005
2010
2015
Number of Deaths Per 1000 Births
Number of Deaths per 100,000 Live Births
1200
196
152
150
100
50
Number of deaths per
1000 Births
Linear projection
72
47
0
2000
2005
2012
2015
MDGs 4 & 5 Maternal and child mortality
Status at a Glance
Indicator
2000
2005/06 2010/11 Target
2015
Status
Infant mortality rate (per
1000 births)
107
86
50
28
On track
Under five mortality
196.0
152
72
(2012)
47
On track
Proportion of 1 year-old
children immunized against
measles
87
85.6
95
100
On track
% of children 12-23 months 76
fully vaccinated
75.2
95
100
On track
Proportion of births
attended by skilled health
personnel
39
69
-
31
25
MDGs 4& 5 Maternal and child mortality
Status at a Glance
Indicator
2000
2005/06
2010/11
Target
2015
Women 15-49 using
modern contraceptive
method
4.3
10.3
49
-
Antenatal care coverage (at 92.5
least 1 visit)
94.4
98
100
Unmet need for family
planning
17.7
37.9
18.9
-
Contraceptive prevalence
rate
4.3
16.3
45.1
-
Status
On track
26
MDG 4 & 5: Reduce Child Mortality & Improve
Maternal Health
Key Drivers:

Improvements in vaccination coverage over this period have been
significant contributors with the proportion of children having all
vaccinations increasing from 75% in 2006 to 90% in 2011. Over 95% of
children are vaccinated against measles.

The key driver for MDG5 has been an increase in the percentage of
delivery assisted by skilled providers which has also increased from 39% in
2006 to 69% in 2011.
4/8/2015
27
MDG 4&5: Child & Maternal Mortality
Challenges and mitigation measures:

Child and Maternal mortality ratios need to reduce further

Quality of health care needs to be further improved

Introduction of Community Health Workers is instrumental in getting children
treated within 24hours of onset of fever, pneumonia and diarrhea (leading
causes of childhood deaths)

Increase access to reproductive health services

Improving antenatal and emergency obstetrical care
MDG 6:
HIV / AIDS, Malaria & Other Diseases
( Status at a glance and key drivers)
29
MDG6: HIV/AIDS, Malaria & other Diseases
Status at a Glance
Indicator
2005/6
2010/11
2015
Target
HIV prevalence in population aged 15-24 (%)
1
1
-
HIV/ AIDS prevalence rate
3
3
-
Malaria related deaths (% per 52
100 000 persons)
37.7
7.6
5.1
Proportion of children under 5.0
five sleeping under insecticidetreated bed nets
59.7
69.6
-
TB-related
mortality
100,000 persons
6
5
-
4/8/2015
2000
13
per 6
Status
On track
30
Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Rate at 6
Weeks, 2005 -2010
21.5
13.7
3
2005
2007
2008
2.6
2009
2.6
2010
31
Malaria Mortality Ratios: Under 5 Years and 5
Years and Over, 2005 – 2010
32
MDG 6: HIV/AIDS, Malaria & other Diseases
Key Drivers:

Access to ARVs increased to reach universal access (covered under
Mutuelles health insurance scheme)

Pregnant women and children under 5 getting free treated bed nets.

Antiretroviral treatment for all HIV/AIDS patients is provided with
subsidization after they seek treatment at a health center.
MDG 7:
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
( Status at a glance and key drivers)
34
MDG7: Environment Sustainability
Status at a Glance
Indicator
2000
2005/06
Land area covered by
forest (%)
12.4
20
Terrestrial area protected
(%)
-
2015
Target
Status
24.5
(2014)
25
On
track
8
10.1
10
Done
Proportion of population 64.1
using an improved
drinking water source(%)
70.3
74.2
82.0
On
track
Proportion of population
using an improved
sanitation facility
58.5
74.5
-
-
51.5
2010/11
MDG7: Environment Sustainability
Key Drivers:

Establishment of
institutions to closely monitor & champion
environment protection e.g. Rwanda Environment Management
Authority

Passing of laws determining the use and management of land preserving
wetlands and forests

Banning of non-biodegradable plastic bags

Protection of river banks and lake shores

Tree plantation programs

Rainwater harvesting in public and private institutions
MDG 8:
Develop a Global Partnership for
Development
(Status at a glance and key drivers)
37
MDG 8: Global partnership for Development
Status at a Glance
Indicator
2000
2005/06
Debt Service as a
percentage of export
goods and services
-
8.0
Mobile cellular
subscriptions per 100
inhabitants
-
-
2010/11
2015
Target
Status
10.13
10.0
Done
65 (2014)
-
-
MDG 8: Global partnership for Development
On Partnerships;


Rwanda regards regional and international economic integration as a key
element to improve Rwanda’s opportunities to achieve faster growth and
poverty reduction. As such, Rwanda is a member of;

Key regional and international arrangements: the AU, EAC, COMESA
,CEPGL and Commonwealth.

Has international trade agreements such as those with the EU and USA.
Partnerships have also been built between government and the development
partners to enhance mutual accountability and more ODA is committed to the
sector wide approach (SWAp)
39
MDG 8: Global partnership for Development

Unblocking the country’s landlockedness through leveraging ICT is a key
priority for the Country, as such;

Rwanda signed an MOU with Korea Telecom (KT) in 2013 to deploy
a high-speed (4G LTE ) broadband network to cover 95 per cent of the
population in three years. Currently Kigali city has been covered.

Liberalization of mobile telecommunication industry
40
EDPRS 2 Contribution to MDGs
Strategies enshrined in EDPRS 2 entail measures to accelerate achievement of
MDGs but were also designed with the post MDG perspective
41
Focus Areas for EDPRS 2 (2013-2018)
OBJECTIVES
TARGETS
Rapid economic growth
Avg. GDP growth from 8.3% to 11.5%
GDP per capita from $900 to $1240
Increased growth in all
sectors
Agriculture from 5.9% to above 8.5% p.a.
Industry from 9.3% to above 14% p.a.
Services from 10.5% to above 13.5% p.a.
Structural Shift of the
economy
Agriculture from 34% to 25% of GDP
Industry from 16% to 20% of GDP
Services from 50% to 55% of GDP
Close the external trade
balance
Exports: Increase avg. Growth of 28% p.a.
Imports: Maintain17% p.a. avg. growth
Conclusion

All MDGs in Rwanda are achievable: there has been substantial progress in
many areas over the last decade – (although progress is not uniform for each
and every target under the goals, contextualisation is important)

The main challenge today and post-2015 will be ensuring sustainability of
results

We therefore need to deliver on inclusive economic progress to strengthen
the impact and ensure sustainability of results

The strategies and priority areas of EDPRS 2 will lead to the attainment of
MDGs since EDPRS 2 was elaborated with the objective of accelerating
achievement of MDGs but also mindful of post 2015

Government of Rwanda is also mindful of the fact that MDGs are “a floor
and not the ceiling” as noted by H.E Paul Kagame, President of the Republic
of Rwanda.
THANK YOU