WHY TO TALK ABOUT
SUSTAINABILITY OF
DEVELOPMENT
GOPAL K KADEKODI
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SUSTAINABILITY OF
WELL-BEING
AS MUCH AS
RESOURCES
• WELL-BEING: INCOME, HEALTH,
DIGNITY OF LIFE, QUALITY OF LIFE
• RESOURCES: LAND, WATER,
FORESTS, MINERALS, MAN-MADE
CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES
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ON THE CONCEPT OF
SUSTAINABILITY
• VIEWING AS TARGETS
– STATIONARY STATE---MILL
– WELL-BEING AS RAISING
CONSUMPTION LEVELS--RAMSEY,
HARROD-DOMAR
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BUT THERE ARE RELATED
PROBLEMS
• IRRIVERSIBILITY
• RESILIENCE
• DIGNITY AND EMPOWERMENT
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DEALING WITH
IRREVERSIBILITIES--KRUTILLA,
FISHER, ARROW
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RAISING RESILIENCE POWER-
PERRINGS
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ADDING DIGNITY,
EMPOWERMENT, FREEDOM---
SEN
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NEW AND RECENT THOUGHTS
• SOCIAL
• ENVIRONMENTAL
• CULTURAL SOVERIGNTY
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• WITNESSING POSITIVE CHANGES IN
‘SOCIETAL WELL-BEING’ --WABER
• ACCOUNTING FOR A BALANCE BETWEEN
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL
DIMENSIONS----IGNACHY SACHS
–
• DEVELOPMENT THAT MEETS THE NEEDS
OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT COMPRISING
THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS
TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS.---WCED
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• WCED (1987): SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT IS DEVELOPMENT
THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE
PRESENT WITHOUT
COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF
FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET
THEIR OWN NEEDS
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IN ESSENCE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT IS A PROCESS OF
CHANGE, IN WHICH EXPLOITATION
OF RESOURCES, THE DIRECTION OF
INVESTMENTS, THE ORIENTATION OF
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT,
AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE ARE
ALL IN HARMONY AND ENHANCE
BOTH CURRENT AND FUTURE
POTENTIAL TO MEET HUMAN
NEEDS AND ASPIRATIONS.
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GROWTH
•  DEVELOPMENT
•  WELL-BEING
•  INCLUSIVE WEALTH
•  INCLUSIVE INVESTMENT
•  INCLUSIVE GROWTH
☺
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RELEVANT DEFINITION TO DAY
– SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
•
– AS A PROCESS OF ATTAINING A
PROPER LINK BETWEEN
‘ INCLUSIVE WEALTH ’, LEADING TO
‘ INCLUSIVE INVESTMENT ’
RESULTING IN ‘ INCLUSIVE
GROWTH ’
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• GROWTH
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REDUCTION IN INCOME
INEQUALITY
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ARRESTING ENVIRONMENTAL
DEPLETION, DEGRADATION
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ENHANCING QUALITY OF
LIFE:DIGNITY,EMPOWERMENT,
GENDER BALANCE
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Eco-system services from Indian forests : some estimates
Ecosystem services or changes 2001 2003 Changes between two years
Soil retention function
(-)514.69
(-)482.20
Annual ‘Soil losses’ have come down
Soil loss prevented by dense forests per year : million tones
Loss of nutrients due to soil losses per year: Rs. Million
(-)50244 (-)47072
Annual ‘Nutrient losses’ have also reduced.
On ground recharge function
1325 1238
Role as ‘Ground Recharges’ have gone down
Value of ground water recharge per year
: Rs million
On flood control function
118510 111030
Role as ‘Flood control’ function has gone down
Effective avoided flood damage per year:
Rs. Million
On carbon sequestration function
Stock of carbon in a year: thousand tonnes of carbon in 2001
Monetary value of carbon stock : Rs. Billion
2473346
(opening stock)
22260
2380128
(closing stock)
Carbon stocks have gone down
21421 Carbon values of the stocks gone down
On Biodiversity conservation functions
‘Net total present value’ of eco-tourism from forests:
Rs. 4.3 million
Rs. 4.3 million
‘Net present value’ of bio-prospecting attributable to forests: Rs. million
Non Use ‘Net present value’ of biodiversity flagship species: Rs. Million
1064400
322026
997400
322026
Declined due to reduction in forest cover.
Source: WWW.GISTINDIA.ORG
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Source: www.gistindia.org :(2007)

SUSTAINABILITY LINKAGE
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• AS LONG AS ALL RENTS FROM NON-
RENEWABLE RESOURCES EXTRACTED ARE
REINVESTED, THE STREAM OF
CONSUMPTION FLOW REMAINS CONSTANT
OVER GENERATIONS —HARTWICK
• SAFE MINIMUM STANDARDS-Ciriacy-Wantrup
• PRESERVE NON-SUBSTITUTABLE CRITICAL
COMPONENTS OF NATURAL RESOURCE
STOCK-Pearce and Turner
• DALY’S OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES
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MEASUREMENTS OF
SUSTAINABLITY
GENUINE SAVINGS RATE
INCLUSIVE GROWTH RATE
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INDICATORS OF
SUSTAINABILITY
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RESOURCE ACCOUNTING
Valuation of water
Valuation of land, soils and forests
Valuation of biodiversity
Valuation of pollution impacts
Valuation of eco-system services
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PES for Water Supply
Forest Ecosystem
ES: water
Rs.
City
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CREATING INSTITUTIONS TO
MANAGE
• VILLAGE
COMMUNITIES
• FOREST
COMMITTEES
• WATER USER
ASSOCIATIONS
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GOVERNANCE AND
DELIVERABLE DEMOCRACY
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ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND
ECOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
FISCAL INSTRUMENTS: TAXES AND
SUBSIDY, POLLUTER PAY PRINCIPLE
 SOCIAL NORMS ON USE OF
RESOURCES
 MAINTAINING ECOLOGICAL CYCLE
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